When glaciers vanish : nature, power and moral order in the indian Himalayas

La présente thèse est une étude ethnographique qui examine le savoir en tant que pratique située au Ladakh, dans l’Himalaya indien. Elle analyse les implications socioculturelles des deux moteurs de changement en jeu au Ladakh: l’un est d'origine socio-économique et lié à la production du Ladakh en tant que zone frontalière, tandis que l’autre est de nature environnementale et entrainé par les changements climatiques. Alors que le Ladakh est demeuré hors de la portée de l’État bureaucratique pendant l’administration coloniale britannique, la région s’est trouvée reconfigurée en zone frontalière stratégique après l’indépendance de l’Inde des suites des guerres successives avec le Pakistan et la Chine. L’Indépendance a mené à la partition de l’Inde et du Pakistan en 1947; cette thèse examine la portée à long terme des évènements traumatisants de la partition tels qu’ils se sont déroulés au Ladakh et comment les Ladakhis établissent des liens entre ces évènements et les changements climatiques. L’État indien s’est produit dans la région à travers une volonté de dominer les montagnes, principalement par le développement d’infrastructures et par l’intégration du savoir local des Ladakhis dans l’appareil militaire. La militarisation a restructuré l'économie du Ladakh, redéfini la structure des ménages, contribué à l’exode rural, déplacé la centralité des activités agropastorales et, tel que la dissertation le soutient, altéré de manière significative la connexion de la population locale avec l'environnement. La rationalisation croissante de la perspective sur l’environnement aujourd'hui contribue à la fragmentation des liens qui unissent les domaines naturels et humains dans la cosmologie locale de même qu’à l'abandon des pratiques rituelles connexes. Parallèlement, la région est touchée par des effets distincts des changements climatiques, en particulier la récession des glaciers. La thèse juxtapose l'expérience subjective de ces vastes changements dans la vie quotidienne des villageois de la Vallée de Sham avec les faits historiques environnementaux, démontrant ainsi que les événements historiques locaux influent sur les perceptions des changements environnementaux. L'analyse démontre qu’un phénomène objectif tel que la récession des glaciers est interprété à travers des réalités locales. Plus précisément, selon la conception du monde locale, un glacier en retrait est une figure rhétorique d’une transformation de la condition humaine. Comme le fait valoir la dissertation, l’interprétation culturelle ne constitue pas un obstacle à l'objectivité de l'histoire naturelle de la cosmologie locale. L’interprétation culturelle et l'expérience empirique s’avèrent par ailleurs essentielles à la vitalité des connaissances locales sur l'environnement et à la performance des pratiques associées.

Thoughts on the moral order of nature /

Mode of access: Internet.

God in history : or, The progress of man's faith in the moral order of the world /

Translation into English of: Gott in der Geschichte, oder, Der Fortschritt des Glaubens an eine sittliche Welt ordnung.

Policy attitudes, ideological values and social representations

This article reviews research on policy attitudes and ideological values from the perspective of social representations theory. In the first part of the paper, key features of lay political thinking are presented, its pragmatic imperative, its focus on communication and the social functions of shared knowledge. Objectification transforms abstract and group-neutral ideological values into concrete and socially useful knowledge, in particular stereotypes of value-conforming and value-violating groups. Such shared understandings of intergroup relations provide citizens with common reference knowledge which provides the cognitive and cultural basis of policy attitudes. Social representations theory further suggests that lay knowledge reflects the social context in which it has been elaborated (anchoring), an aspect which allows conceptualising aggregate-level differences in policy attitudes. In the second part of the paper, a model of lay conceptions of social order is outlined which organises four shared conceptions of social order, along with the stereotype-based thinking associated with each conception: Moral order, Free Market, Social diversity and Structural inequality. We conclude by arguing that policy attitudes are symbolic devices expressed to justify or to challenge existing social arrangements.

De l'idéal au désenchantement : l'évolution du discours régionaliste chez Harry Bernard (1898-1979) de 1924 à 1951.

Il est généralement admis que le romancier et journaliste Harry Bernard (1898-1979) se rattache aux auteurs régionalistes dont les œuvres sont empreintes de l'idéologie clérico-nationaliste. Ce qu'on ne peut démentir, car les romans de Bernard ne sont en effet aucunement étrangers à un certain moule terroiriste, dictat incontournable de la production littéraire dans le Québec de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Son appartenance au mouvement régionaliste, considéré comme plus idéologique que littéraire, marquera si bien l’œuvre qu'elle s'en trouvera quasi ignorée par notre histoire littéraire. Il convient cependant de s'interroger à propos de cette place plutôt ingrate qu'elle occupe. Si ses premiers romans, L'homme tombé (1924) et La terre vivante (1925), sont en phase avec l'idéologie clérico-nationaliste, il en va autrement avec son dernier roman, Les jours sont longs (1951). Celui-ci présente un certain affranchissement de l'ordre moral catholique et une ouverture à davantage de réalisme, laissant entrevoir des transformations d'ordre identitaire, idéologique et symbolique, telles que le métissage, l'hybridation culturelle, les libertés individuelles, etc. Il s'agit donc d'analyser le déplacement discursif qui s'opère sur une période de 25 ans, des romans de jeunesse de Bernard jusqu'à un roman de maturité, démontrant ainsi que l’œuvre n'est pas que le reflet d'un unique paradigme identitaire, mais que, parallèlement à l'avènement de la modernité, elle donne à voir un discours en évolution.

La educación laica y el proyecto educativo velasquista en el Ecuador, 1930-1950 (Estudios)

Este estudio analiza la política educativa de Velasco Ibarra durante sus dos primeros gobiernos 0934-1935 y 1944-1947) Y las tensiones que mantuvo con la educación laica, instituida décadas atrás por la Revolución Liberal. Con este propósito, el artículo examina la función que la educación tuvo en el ideario velasquista, empeñado en la reconstitución del orden moral de la sociedad. El ensayo interroga el proyecto de despolitización de la educación y de respaldo a la educación confesional que Velasco Ibarra impulsó. Examina, además, el desarrollo de una oferta educativa estratificada, contraria a los principios más democratizadores de la educación liberal.

A banalização da injustiça social no cotidiano de trabalho : a propósito da violência no trabalho e ameaça à saúde do trabalhador

Analyzes the factors that unleash violence by banalization of the problems and health questions of workers in a federal public institution, in Natal/RN. It analyzes transformations in the world of the work, with its politic, social and economic determinatives and its relation to the worker health. Boarding the violence in the work enviroment and its implications to the worker health, focusing on the banalization of problems faced by the workers as a kind of violence in and with the work. It was chosen an analitic methodology with qualitative approach, through the collection tecnic and information analyzes according to the thematic oral history, with recorders of authorized personal narratives, through individual interview with a semi-structured guide. In the analyzis of results it were made empiric cathegories: the daily work enviroment and its influence to the worker profession and life; the violence presents in the work enviroment and its consequences to the worker life and health; the banalization of the social injustice, due to violence against the worker that broked their dreams concerned to the nursing contribution. The results revealed the ordinary work of these workers showing enviromental and organizational unhealthy conditions, caracterized by physical and tecnical insecurity; absence and disqualification of instrumental and human supplies; overload and complexity service; bad distribution of the duties and pressure to the deadline and productivity, producing tension, conflict and anxiety related to the users, colleagues, superiors and to the duties. In the work enviroment, it were identified a external violence, caracterized by physical and verbal aggresion, psychic suffering, worker depreciation; and internal, caracterized by: moral and psychological molestations and accupational structural violence. These kinds of violence bring consequences to the life, that is, professional, economic and moral order of factors and to the health by biological, mental and emocional factors. The banalization of social injustice during the daily work was discussed in the aspects of banalization of problems and work conditions, the health, qualification banalizations and professional valorization. The workers expectatives pointed out to the necessity of: secure conditions of work; trainning and tecnical assistance; politics of attention to the physical, mental and social health to the workers and their family. We conclude the enviromental and organizational conditions of the workers interviewed do not offer physical and tecnical security that they need to the execution of their activities, neither offer comfort or physical and psychological satisfactions. The politic the instituition has used points out to the depreciation and inhumanization of them producing feelings as unsatisfaction, frustation and indignation related to the institution and the work, bringing suffering and physical and mental sicking. We noticed the most terrible violence found in the work enviroment is the banalization of social injustice related do the problems and health of these workers, producing a slowly debility and simbolic death of their lifes. Therefore, it is necessary the implementation of a politic that promotes assurance, health and integral education, valorization and humanization of these workers

The world and the individual /

1st ser. The four historical conception of being -- 2nd ser. Nature, man and the moral order.

Emotions in legal decisions: the construction of objective narratives in Italian criminal trials

Drawing on ethnographic data collected in Italian courts and prosecution offices, this dissertation offers new perspectives on legal decision-making by highlighting the importance of emotions for constructing and evaluating legal narratives. Focusing on criminal cases, it describes and dissects how judges and prosecutors use emotions in reflection and action tied to lay narratives and legal constraints. The analysis shows that legal professionals engage in different types of emotional dynamics when dealing with stories; first, they develop gut feelings, which are either endorsed or kept at distance by means of emotional reflexivity, to comply with legal ideals of objectivity and impartiality. Second, empathy emerges as a crucial tool to direct the interaction with lay people and to interpret legal prerequisites, such as credibility, and intent. Finally, the dissertation shows that lay stories lead legal professionals to become passionate and committed towards the correct application of the law, the restoration of the moral order, and the achievement of justice. In light of the empirical findings, this thesis strives to develop a theoretical understanding of legal decision-making as narrative work that includes emotional dynamics consistent with rational, objective action.

A collection of tracts, moral and theological : placed in the order wherein they were first published...with some additional notes, and a supplement concerning rectitude /

Each tract has special t.-p.

Aprendendo a viver com regras : a validação das teses piagetianas da gênese da moral nos contextos atuais

RESUMO: Esta dissertação teve como objetivo central replicar o estudo realizado por Piaget sobre aquisição do conceito de regras em crianças, a fim de procurarmos saber se passados 78 anos da obra “O Juízo Moral na Criança”, os dados que o mesmo encontrou sobre a aquisição do princípio da moral se mantêm em nossa atualidade. Para atingir esse objetivo realizamos uma breve revisão bibliográfica, abrangendo alguns autores, teóricos e pesquisadores que enfatizaram estudos sobre o princípio da ética e a fundamentação da moral, entre os quais constam: Platão, Aristóteles, Nietzsche, Kant, Durkheim. Baseamo-nos igualmente em alguns autores mais recentes como Vázquez, Lourenço, Cortina e Martinez, Biaggio, dentre outros. Ao analisarmos a origem psicológica do desenvolvimento moral da criança, buscamos suporte na teoria de Kolhberg e principalmente de Jean Piaget, autor principal para esta pesquisa. A pesquisa guiou-se por uma dimensão descritiva e qualitativa, centrada na observação direta e indireta, baseada no modelo clínico introduzido por Piaget. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que os dados obtidos por Piaget há 78 anos, são compatíveis com os dias de hoje, pois as crianças apresentaram dados equivalentes em média com as idades estipuladas para a aquisição da moral heterônoma e da moral autônoma. Constatámos que a aquisição do princípio da reversibilidade leva as crianças a adquirirem capacidades cognitivas para uma moral autônoma. A concepção de regras transmitidas pelas crianças, emergiram em uma concepção de respeito a uma norma pré estabelecida, e que, gradualmente se transforma em consciência da importância das mesmas para o princípio da boa convivência. ABSTRACT: This dissertation aimed to replicate the study worked out by Piaget on acquisition of concept rules in children, in order to know if, 78 years passed from "The Moral Judgment in Child", data about acquisition of morality principle remain current. To achieve this goal we conducted a brief bibliographic review, covering some authors, theorists and researchers who emphasized studies on ethics principle and moral fundamentation, such as: Plato, Aristotle, Nietzsche, Kant, Durkheim. We were also based on some latest authors as Vázquez, Lourenço, Cortina and Martinez, Biaggio, and others. Considering the psychological origin of moral development of children, we sought support in Kolhberg´s theory and, especially, Jean Piaget, the main author for this search. The research was led by a descriptive and qualitative dimension, focused on direct and indirect observation, based on clinical model introduced by Piaget. The survey results showed that data obtained by Piaget 78 years ago are still compatible with the present day, because children have, on average, equivalent data through all ages stipulated for the acquisition of heteronomic and autonomous moral. We found that the acquisition of the reversibility principle leads children to acquire cognitive skills for an autonomous moral. The conception of rules provided by children, emerged to a conception of respect to a pre-established standard, that gradually becomes aware of its importance to the principle of coexistence.

Da liderança ao bullying: estratégias a adotar numa sala de pré-escolar para promover o desenvolvimento social e moral

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

On the institution of the moral subject: on the commander and the commanded in Nietzsche's discussion of law

The article discusses how Nietzsche understands the institution of law and morals in distinction to Kant and the Christian tradition. It argues that Nietzsche to a large extent is inspired by the paradigm-shift toward a evolutionary biological thinking introduced by several of his peers in the late 19th century, among else F. A. Lange, who sees this shift as a sobering scientific-materialistic alternative to Kant. In Nietzsche, the Kantian moral imperative is replaced with a notion of a morality emerging thanks to historical, or pre-historical, civilizational processes, imposed on a feebleminded human without any inherent rational dispositions to obey Law. It is also a process, which rather than universalizing the human, splits it in a duality where one part obeys old immediate self-interests and another part obeys new 'commands,' having been shouted 'into the ear' by a so-called 'commander.' The compliance with law takes two radically different forms in Nietzsche: servile and mediocre individuals need to be exposed to discipline and punishment in order to adopt Law; while so-called 'sovereign' individuals are able to impose law upon themselves. The figure of the 'sovereign' has consequently been an issue for vigorous debate in especially the Anglo-Saxon tradition of Nietzsche research, since his apparent 'respect for law' and 'sense of duty' reiterate typical Kantian qualities. Relating to these discussions, I suggest that Nietzsche's 'sovereign' (in one context) is identical his 'commander' (in other contexts). When the 'sovereign' as such imposes law upon himself and others, his act is conventional and arbitrary (like language in Saussure), and is rather irrational than rational as in Kant. His will is not a good will, nor a rational will with a vision of human autonomy. His command of himself and others is a performative, thus without truth-value (like illocutionary speech-acts in Austin and Searle).

The relationship between creativity and moral judgment

A sample of 50 male and female subjects ranging in age from 12 to 73 were divided into three groups according to the scale of maturity of moral judgment developed by Lawrence Kohlberg. Subjects were also tested on a measure of creativity developed by Torrance after the formulations of Guilford in order to test the hypothesis that the re^- lationship between creativity and maturity of moral judgment is curvilinear. Researchers have failed to develop any working hypothesis concerning the relationship between creativity and moral judgment or postulate any consistent theoretical framework concerning the possible relationship between these two constructs. The empirical investigation involved a scientific testing of a random selection of elementary subjects9 high school adolescents, and creative adults. Tests included Kohlberg8s Moral dilemmas and Guilford's Product Improvement Task. A trend analysis was conducted to reveal whether or not a curvilinear relationship existed between the independent variable (Moral Maturity Stages) and the de~ pe dent variable (creativity performance under each level). Curvilinear trends were observed in two out of four creativity subscales but were not statistically significant. It was concluded that these contradictory findings were due to the relatively small number of subjects tested, the narrow range or moral judgment scores, and the limited conception of creativity defined by the creativity measure used (The Product Improvement Task). It was suggested that an instrument assessing an identity status would be most useful as well as a creativity measure better suited for a theory of creativity essentially developmental in perspective.