Concepções de criança e de infância de técnicos de intervenção precoce em uma associação no sul do Brasil

Dissertação de 2º Ciclo conducente ao grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação, especialização em Intervenção Precoce.

A importância da participação das crianças em jardim de infância

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

“Patrícia, a Elsa não quer brincar comigo!”: O papel do educador de infância enquanto mediador de conflitos entre pares”

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em educação pré-escolar

Protecção de crianças e jovens em Portugal

The causes of children rights and youth rights have been the focus of our attention. The ideals of freedom and justice accompany us in our daily lives and, as such, this thesis aims to study the questions of major importance in the field of children and youth protection in Portugal which deserve deep and serious reflection. We shall start with a brief theoretical framework of the evolution of the rights of children and youth in Portugal, defining some concepts. This will be followed by an analysis of all relevant Portuguese legislation, which will set out its fields of application, measures, objectives and underlying principles. There are multiple reasons to raise awareness to the importance of the topics that will be treated and to the necessity and urgency of thinking about an effective promotion and protection of children and youth in Portugal. Keywords: children,

National suicide prevention strategy for Afghanistan (NSPS)

RESUMO: Do suicídio no Afeganistão é uma prioridade de saúde pública. O Afeganistão é um país de baixo rendimento, emergindo de três décadas de conflitos. Há uma alta prevalência de sofrimento psicológico, perturbações mentais e abuso de substâncias. Existem várias questões sociais, tais como, desequilíbrio/violência de género, pobreza, atitudes e costumes obsoletos, rápidas mudanças sócio-culturais, violação dos direitos humanos e especialmente dos direitos das mulheres e das crianças. Estes fatores de risco contribuem para o aumento da vulnerabilidade da população em relação ao suicídio. A relativa alta taxa de suicídio no Afeganistão é especialmente significativa comparada com as taxas baixas em todos os países islâmicos. Os estudos mostraram predominância de suicídio nas mulheres (95%) e em pessoas jovens. Existe, por isso, uma necessidade urgente do país ter uma estratégia de prevenção do suicídio. A estratégia foi desenvolvida pela criação de um grupo técnico/ de assessoria multi-sectorial de diferentes intervenientes tais como governo, ONGs, agências doadoras, as famílias das vítimas e outraas partes interessadas. A estratégia baseia-se os seguintes valores chave:, respeito pelas diversidades; sensibilidade para as questões sócio-cultura-religiosa e de género; promoção da dignidade da sociedade; respeito pelos direitos humanoss.. Os 'seis pontos estratégicos' são: envolvimento das principais partes interessadas e criação de colaboração intersectorial coordenada; fornecimento de cuidados às pessoas que fazem tentativas de suicídio e às suas famílias; melhoria dos serviços para pessoas com doença mental e problemas psicossociais; promover uma comunicação e imagem adequada dos comportamentos suicidas, pelos meios de comunicação; reduzir o acesso aos meios de suicídio e coligir informação sobre as taxas de suicídio, os fatores de risco, os fatores protetores e as intervenções eficazes. A estratégia nacional de prevenção do suicídio será inicialmente implementada por 5 anos, com uma avaliação anual do plano de acção para entender os seus pontos fortes e limitações. Recomendações e sugestões serão incorporadas nos próxima planos anuais para uma intervenção eficaz. Um sistema de monitorização irá medir o progresso na implementação da estratégia.-----------------------------ABSTRACT: Suicide in Afghanistan is a public health priority. Afghanistan is a low-income country, emerging from three decades of conflicts. There is high prevalence of mental distress, mental disorders and substance abuse. There are multiple social issues, such as gender imbalance/violence, poverty, obsolete attitudes and customs, rapid social-cultural changes, human right violations, and especially women and children rights. These risk factors contribute to increase the vulnerability of the population for suicide. The relative high rate of suicide in Afghanistan is especially significant as the rates are low in all Islamic countries. Research studies have shown predominance of suicide in women (95%) and in young age people. There is an urgent need for the country to have a suicide prevention strategy. The strategy has been developed by establishing a multi-sectoral technical/advisory group of different stakeholders from government, NGOs, donor agencies, victim’s families, and interested parties. The strategy is based on the following key values, namely, respect for diversities; sensitiveness to socio-culture-religious and gender issues; promotion of the society dignity and respect for the human rights of people. The six ‘Strategic directions’ are: involving key stakeholders and creating coordinated inter-sectoral collaboration; providing after care for people making a suicide attempt and their families; improving services for people with mental disorders and psycho-social problems; promoting the safe reporting and image of suicidal behaviour by media; reducing access to the means of suicide and gathering information about suicide rates, risk factor, protective factors and effective interventions. The National Suicide Prevention Strategy will be initially implemented for 5 years, with an annual evaluation of the action plan to understand the strengths and limitations. Recommendations and suggestions will be incorporated into the next annual plans for effective intervention. A monitoring framework will measure progress in implementing the strategy.

Les mécanismes de protection de la jeunesse autochtone au regard de la théorie libérale de Will Kymlicka

Face au retrait massif d'enfants autochtones de leur communauté, les autochtones revendiquent plus de contrôle sur les questions de protection de la jeunesse. Ces revendications s'inscrivent dans leur lutte pour l'autonomie gouvernementale. À l'occasion notre recherche, nous avons cherché à savoir comment, dans le domaine de la protection de la jeunesse, ce droit collectif à l'autonomie gouvernementale peut s'articuler aux droits individuels de l'enfant. La théorie libérale de Will Kymlicka qui concilie droits individuels et droits collectifs constitue le cadre théorique de notre étude. Nous avons analysé quatre types d'aménagements institutionnels ayant tous pour objet de donner plus de contrôle aux autochtones en matière de protection de la jeunesse: 1) la délégation aux autochtones du pouvoir d'administrer les lois provinciales sur la protection de la jeunesse (modèle dit «d'autorité déléguée »); 2) la création de normes autochtones de protection de la jeunesse fondée sur une autorité déléguée par le parlement fédéral (modèle développé par la bande Spallumcheen); 3) l'exercice d'une autonomie gouvernementale autochtone limitée à l'intérieur des réserves et l'application de normes fédérales uniformes à l'extérieur des réserves (modèle développé aux Etats-Unis) et 3) la reconnaissance formelle du droit à l'autonomie gouvernementale (modèle développé par la nation Nisga'a). Nous avons tenté d'identifier le modèle se rapprochant le plus de l'idéal type kymlickien. Notre recherche nous a permis de conclure que le modèle développé par la Nation Nisga'a permet une conciliation optimale des droits individuels et des droits collectifs telle que cette conciliation est entendue selon la théorie de Kymlicka. Parallèlement à cette conclusion principale, notre étude nous a permis de souligner certaines failles d'une approche kymlickienne : 1) la théorie de nature générale de Kymlicka n'apporte pas de réponse à la question du titulaire du droit à l'autonomie gouvernementale et 2) une approche mettant exclusivement l'accent sur des réformes institutionnelles (comme celle de Kymlicka) n'est pas suffisante pour régler des problèmes aussi complexes que celui de la protection de lajeunesse autochtone. Dans la première partie de notre mémoire, nous avons exposé le contexte historique et théorique propre à notre sujet d'étude. L'évolution historique des politiques canadiennes de protection de la jeunesse autochtone et les droits individuels et collectifs en jeu y sont présentés. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons exposé la théorie de Kymlicka que nous avons appliqué par la suite aux quatre modèles de protection de la jeunesse autochtone analysés.

Les pratiques entourant le programme d'hébergement avec encadrement intensif : une analyse qualitative de la perception des intervenants.

Ce mémoire dresse un portrait des pratiques concernant le programme d’hébergement avec encadrement intensif en centre jeunesse au moment de l’étude. Depuis l’ajout, lors de la réforme en 2007, de l’article 11.1.1 dans la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse, les motifs pour recourir à l’encadrement intensif pour les jeunes pris en charge pour leur protection sont désormais balisés. Cette réforme résulte de controverses à savoir que cette mesure ne respectait pas les droits des jeunes et brimait leur liberté. L’encadrement intensif était perçu par les juristes comme étant illégal et sans fondement juridique. Afin de connaître les effets de la réforme dans les pratiques des intervenants, des entretiens qualitatifs ont été effectués avec vingt-cinq employés des centres jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire et de Laval. Malgré certaines difficultés d’implantation ainsi que certains signes de résistance au changement, les résultats laissent entendre que cette réforme permet d’accroître le respect des droits des jeunes. Du côté des conditions d’hébergement, les changements majeurs se trouvent dans la lourdeur du profil de la clientèle desservie, et la surpopulation des unités d’encadrement intensif. La mixité de la clientèle sur la réadaptation des jeunes est discutée et analysée en fonction du concept de l'inertie socioculturelle et celui du respect des droits de l’enfant.

O cotidiano do(a) Assistente Social frente as demandas apresentadas pela paciente portadora do câncer de mama em tratamento no Hospital Doutor Luiz Antônio em Natal/RN

This work deals with an analysis related to the social worker s practice in the oncology area. It aims to identify demands, work conditions as well as current challenges related to this profession. It considers the specificities of breast cancer and relates it to political decisions in the health sector considering the concept of contemporary capitalism. The study analyzes professional action and the demands presented by breast cancer patients who are currently in treatment in Hospital Dr. Luiz Antônio em Natal-Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil. The methodological procedures considered of documental analysis, semi-structured interviews (with two social workers that work with fifteen breast cancer patients) as well as participant observation; which was done counting with my own professional practice in the oncology area. Thus, the research also discusses the breast cancer issue in the life of the users considering their social-economical, cultural and political determinants. Factors such as age in which the diagnosis was known, the relation user/social workers, number of children, rights of the oncology patient, place where he/she lives, education, civil status, (re)insertion of the professional in the work field, perception of self-esteem and bio-psycho-social representation of breast cancer in the lives of these women, all of which were dealt with in this research

O trabalho juvenil em perspectiva

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Learning Democracy Together in School? : Student and Teacher Attitudes in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The principal aim of this study is to examine attitudes and values, through questionnaires, among students and teachers in the last grade of primary school (grade 8) regarding issues related to authoritarianism, democracy, human rights, children rights, conflict resolution and legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A second aim is to explore and analyze the role of the international community in the democratization and education processes in the light of globalization in this country through secondary sources of data, site visits and observations. Analysis of the student sample reveals suspicion towards democracy, especially when democracy was associated with politics and politicians. When the issue of democracy was de-contextualized from Bosnia and Herzegovina realities in the questionnaire, students showed more positive attitudes towards it. Students generally agreed with very strong authoritarian statements. High achieving students were more democratic, more socially responsible, more tolerant regarding attitudes towards religion, race and disabilities, and less authoritarian compared to low achievers. High achievers felt that they had influence over daily events, and were positive towards social and civil engagement. High achievers viewed politics negatively, but had high scores on the democracy scale. High achievers also agreed to a larger extent that it is acceptable to break the law. The more authoritarian students were somewhat more prone to respond that it is not acceptable to break the law. The major findings from the teacher sample show that teachers who agreed with non-peaceful mediation, and had a non-forgiving and rigid approach to interpersonal conflicts, also agreed with strong authoritarian statements and were less democratic. In general, teachers valued students who behave respectfully, have a good upbringing and are obedient. They were very concerned about the general status of education in society, which they felt was becoming marginalized. Teachers were not happy with the overloaded curricula and they showed an interest in more knowledge and skills to help children with traumatic war experiences. When asked about positive reforms, teachers were highly critical of, and dissatisfied with, the educational situation. Bosnia and Herzegovina is undergoing a transition from a state-planned economy and one party system to a market economy and a multi party system. During this transition, the country has become more involved in the globalization process than ever. Today the country is a semi-protectorate where international authorities intervene when necessary. The International community is attempting to introduce western democracy and some of the many complexities in this process are discussed in this study. Globalization processes imply contradictory demands and pressures on the education system. On one hand, economic liberalization has affected education policies —a closer alignment between education and economic competitiveness. On the other hand, there is a political and ideological globalization process underlying the importance of human rights, and the inclusiveness of education for all children. Students and teachers are caught between two opposing ideals — competition and cooperation.

Dalle sfide interculturali, al “romanzo”, al progetto socio educativo integrato

Intercultural challenge, “tale” and social educational strategy, Rome, November 2006: Police and Teachers deal differently with a little group of travellers. The analysis of this recent episode shows that intercultural issues are the basis of the educational commitment of the teachers but also of the prejudice of police and other people looking from outside to the relationship between teachers and travellers. The paradox of a double ethic concerning travellers needs to be deconstructed by the antiracist approach based on children rights. At the same time educational intervention cannot deal efficiently with emergency situations concerning children without cooperation with social work. The article underlines the role of democratic educational institutions in the developing appropriated strategies in dealing with complexes social issues which are not just to be “culturalised”.

Antecedente nacional e internacional sobre la percepción y los derechos de las niñas, los niños, los y las adolescentes

Until the middle of the XVIII Century, children were considered as miniature adults, but with Jean Jacob Rousseau the study of the development of the human being was started and the foundation was set up for the new science of Paidology (the study of children), wich focuses on the different intellectual and physical conflicts which children face, and also for other sciencies such as Paidofilaxis, Pueroculture and Pediatrics. The Society of Nations, created, in 1919, the Consultancy for the Trafficking of Women and the Protection of Children, and in Geneva, the International Union for Aid was founded in 1920. In Argentina, the First American Congress for Children was organized in 1916, and others followed. The first Declaration of Childrens Right was proclaimed in 1924 and then followed the first Ten Commandments of Childrens Rights. In Costa Rica in 1929, a project was presented for the Constitutional Congress to establish an institution for the protection of children, wich was duly enacted into law in 1930 with the name of National Institution for the Protection of Children (Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, PANI) whose duty was to oversee the welfare of minors and their physical, intellectual, moral and emotional development. In 1930, the first Declaration of the Rights for Costarrican Children was proclaimed. The creation of the PANI, the declaration of Childrens Rights, and the enactment of a Code for Infants (1932), constitute the three events that signal Costa Rica as one of the pioneers countries in Latin American and the World, in the protectionof children and mothers. At the end of the article, some of the crucial events that have happened during the decades that PANI has been working in the country are analized.

At the heart of celebrity: celebrities’ children and their rights in the media

Based on a comparative analysis of celebrity magazines in Portugal and Brazil, this article analyses the representation of children of celebrities. Those magazines privilege an extreme personalisation of the stories and a strong valuation of the photographic image, representing children as a source of happiness and affection within the family. Nonetheless, drawing on celebrity studies and on children’s rights and their implications for journalism, we concluded that this positive representation frequently collides with the children’s rights to privacy, to be protected from public embarrassment and to be heard in the issues that affect them.