I Don`t Want to Present the ECAES! Quality of Education in Health Careers

This paper makes a reflection about a panorama of higher education quality, and referring to that it reviews and discusses what should be ongoing, what was made in history and what is today in curse, that is the basic strategies used by the government to improve higher education. An emphasis is made on higher education quality tests (ECAES, in Spanish) for health careers, in order to solve some doubts in students and teachers about those tests. My excuses to the reader for often using first person and some references of personal interviews or unprinted conferences.

Semiconductor detectors in medicine, March 8-9, 1973, presented by Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of California School of Medicine and Continuing Education in Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, supported in part by KeVex Corporation, Burlingame, California [et al.

Mode of access: Internet.

A educação permanente em saúde na ótica dos cirurgiões dentistas

This study aimed to examine the perception of dentist-surgeon about the Permanent Education in Health (PEH). It is characterized as a qualitative research with focus in the field of public health policies. It refers specifically to the development of Permanent Education policy in Health in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. They were participants of this research 42 dentist surgeons and 83.3% females and 16.7% males, participants in Specialization courses approved and agreed by the Permanent Education Center in Health (PEC-RN) in the period 2005 to 2007. These professionals are part of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), and 11.9% work in management at the central level and 88.1% are directly related to oral health care in the Basic Health Units of the Family, 30 cities in the state. Data collection was through a questionnaire, with questions that guided the research development and achieve the objectives proposed. The socio-demographic data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and subjective content was subjected to content analysis by Bardin. The emerging categories from the textual material generated by respondents were: program content, methodological approach and concepts of Permanent Education in Health. The subjects surveyed reported that the program content is more comprehensive and directs to the reflection of everyday practices, with regard to the methodological approach, concern that occurs through discussion and reflection with dynamic, participative, varied and constructive activities, questioning and putting as the main focus. As for understanding of the concepts of the PEH, there was a consensus that define as education stable strategies which contributing to transform and improve the health workers to have the upgrade, improvement of practices, being based on everyday experience and taking into account the accumulation and renewal of these experiences. Therefore, results presented showed that there is a clear understanding of the subjects on the proposals and guidelines of the PEH. It was concluded that lack continuous access to the policies proposed by Ministry of Health involving health workers, managers, communities, through social control and the teaching-service integration and that they are worked within the health system and can classify all these segments of society favor the existence of a more participatory, effective, fair and better quality health service

Entre a hegemonia e a polissemia: a Política de Educação e Desenvolvimento para o SUS no contexto do Brasil contemporâneo

The proposal of the Unified Health System Policy (SUS) has been considered one of the most democratic public policies in Brazil. In spite of this, its implementation in a context of social inequalities has demanded significant efforts. From a socio-constructionist perspective on social psychology, the study focused on the National Policy for Permanent Education in Health for the Unified Health System (SUS), launched by the Brazilian government in 2004, as an additional effort to improve practices and accomplish the effective implementation of the principles and guidelines of the Policy. Considering the process of permanent interdependencies between these propositions and the socio-political and cultural context, the study aimed to identify the discursive constructions articulated in the National Policy for Permanent Education in Health for the Unified Health System (SUS) and how they fit into the existing power relations of ongoing Brazilian socio-political context. Subject positionings and action orientation offered to different social actors by these discursive constructions and the kind of practices allowed were also explored, as well as the implementation of the proposal in Rio Grande do Norte state and how this process was perceived by the people involved. The information produced by documental analyses, participant observation and interviews was analyzed as proposed by Institutional Ethnography. It evidenced the inter-relations between the practices of different social actors, the conditions available for those practices and the interests and power relations involved. Discontinuities on public policies in Brazil and the tendency to prioritize institutional and personal interests, in detriment of collective processes of social transformation, were some of obstacles highlighted by participants. The hegemony of the medical model and the individualistic and curative intervention practices that the model elicits were also emphasized as one of the drawbacks of the ongoing system. Facing these challenges, reflexivity and dialogism appear as strategies for a transformative action, making possible the denaturalization of ongoing practices, as well as the values and tenets supporting them

Projeto político de formação do enfermeiro: contextos, textos, (re)construções

This research analyses politic Project for nursing education, in its articulation with economical, political and social context of 1970s and 1980s in national level and, in special, nurse formation process in FAEN/UERN space, situating it on the context of Brazilian sanitary reformation movement and participation movement. The thesis is firmed on the sense of explaining whether that movement circa the nurse formation process has been able to build necessary instruments for the transformation of biomedical formation model historically consolidated, in the perspective of conceiving another model anchored on social determination of health/illness process, with the purpose of assuring ethical and political commitment with the SUS praised by sanitary reformation. The study visualized the object considering its specificity, its concrete historical determinations and institutional as well as organizational relationships that permeate possibilities of valorizing it, analyzing it, interpreting it and rebuilding it. Its operationalization occurred in three movements, it means, bibliographical review; documents study; interviews and focal groups realized with professors of the institution. We can apprehend as main results that the nurse formation process has incorporated widely spread conceptions by the sanitary reformation movement and participation movement, assuming the commitment with transformation of health services and social reality. Nevertheless it prevails, still, amongst some professors in the same institutional space, the commitment to a predominantly technicist formation, focused on instrumental knowledge. Opinion divergence explicit diversity of conceptions circa education and, as consequence, distinct political commitments, also contradictory to formation. Thus, there is a lacuna between what is foreseen on political pedagogical project and what is rendered in FAEN/UERN, evidencing the clash related to conceptual bases of formation project. Interpretations, divergent political attitudes and resistances to the process allowed several formation ways. However, formation under new conceptual bases, find limits on the context of social politics implemented in Brazil during the 1990s, neoliberal-based, expressed on expansion and consolidation of health private system, managed by market rules, strengthening biomedical formation model. Notwithstanding, there is a favorable to its implementation, starting from the first years of 21st century, moment when Brazilian sanitary reformation reappear on health speech, as well as facing the policy of permanent education in health. This reality explicit a process of dialectical tension between instituted and institutor, anticipating the moment of scission or adaptation and return to what is already known. Despite of clashed, knowledge, accumulated experience, contribution to services, the construction of partnerships out of university space and articulation with national movement of (re)orientation of nurse formation, have been constituted as vital instruments to offer support to formation in FAEN/UERN. Still, we consider necessary the (re)visitation to FAEN/UERN politic pedagogical Project considering the existing and implemented construction, without, yet, depreciate the norther axis of the project at the reaching of its intentionality

Atenção à saúde e modos de andar a vida: a produção de conhecimentos em psicologia e os subsídios para um cuidado que pretenda produzir saúde para crianças e famílias nos contextos de pobreza

Um cuidado em saúde que vise a integralidade em suas ações e propostas deve levar em consideração os contextos singulares de vida da população e de cada pessoa em particular, se observadas as considerações da bibliografia especializada. Sabe-se que o Brasil é um país que apresenta um grave quadro de desigualdade social e o conhecimento da diversidade cultural existente entre os grupos sociais que co-existem em nosso país é fundamental para a realização de um cuidado em saúde integral com a população. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender se e de que forma os elementos considerados importantes para a produção de saúde no contexto de vulnerabilidade social no Brasil estão sendo levados em conta na produção acadêmica da área da psicologia. Para isso, foram analisados textos presentes na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, a partir da relação psicologia e SUS, totalizando 37 estudos. A importância de uma prática contextualizada foi evidenciada, porém não houve em nenhum dos textos a descrição das especificidades dos contextos familiares em situação de pobreza, sinalizando que este conhecimento não está disponível na área e que saberes de áreas distintas da saúde são fundamentais para um cuidado integral em saúde. A integralidade, o trabalho em equipe e a prevenção e promoção à saúde são elementos significativos nas produções, porém podemos perceber que estas diretrizes encontram-se ainda no plano da reflexão e verbalização, de um modo geral não traduzindo-se em práticas profissionais. Os desafios que distanciam a prática dos profissionais da psicologia e as diretrizes do SUS resumem-se em uma formação voltada para o atendimento clínico individual e a consequente prática descontextualizada, voltada para a psicoterapia. Outros desafios assinalados foram formas de organização do próprio SUS e a desconsideração deste profissional como generalista nas políticas de saúde. O conceito de resiliência de um modo geral não está presente nos estudos, mas a presença de elementos importantes para promover a autonomia dos indivíduos demonstra que formas de fortalecer os indivíduos foram considerados importantes. Foram analisadas também as estratégias de educação: formação acadêmica e Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Observou-se que a discussão sobre a formação está presente na maioria dos textos e que mudanças tímidas já foram constatadas buscando aproximar a área da realidade do SUS. A EPS não é um fator significativo nos estudos, e seu potencial ainda não foi explorado no que concerne a psicologia.

Educação permanente em saúde em unidades críticas de um hospital de ensino: elaboração de material de apoio

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Entre laços e nós: (im)possibilidades de um psicanalista nos espaços de Educação Permanente em Saúde

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

A educação permanente em saúde para a institucionalização de uma rede-rizoma

Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa-intervenção cuja produção de dados ocorreu com o Grupo Condutor Regional da Rede Cegonha (GCR) no DRS III de Araraquara - SP, parte do Projeto de Pesquisa para o Sistema Único de Saúde (PPSUS): O processo de implantação da rede de atenção à saúde materno infantil no DRS III de Araraquara: a atenção básica como ordenadora da atenção em rede. Nosso objetivo foi compreender este coletivo como espaço de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) para a institucionalização dessa Rede, e também caracterizar a EPS no território de abrangência deste DRS, compreender suas fragilidades-potencialidades e também os processos de EPS produzidos no interior do GCR para a implementação da Rede Cegonha (RC), diante de desafios como a redução da morbimortalidade materno infantil e o atendimento integral e humanizado a mulheres e crianças. Esta pesquisa qualitativa compreendeu a análise de documentos e a pesquisa-intervenção, utilizando método cartográfico, e a produção dos dados ocorreu no ano de 2014 com os integrantes do GCR e outros pesquisadores PPSUS. As análises tiveram como referenciais o Processo de Trabalho em Saúde e conceitos do movimento institucionalista, das correntes da Análise Institucional e da Esquizoanálise. Esta pesquisa de cunho cartográfico explorou o contexto sócio-histórico da EPS e da RC no DRS III e paisagens que compõem o mapa do aprendizado no que chamamos Rede-rizoma, entremeadas por análises de implicações e aprendizados na experiência, tanto de construção da pesquisa como da RC. Nos planos do rizoma houve momentos de aprendizado significativo, ecos nos municípios, interferências da pesquisa-intervenção, dentre outros componentes de tessitura da rede que envolveram seus atores, seus pontos de conexão, de tensão, de apoio. Nesse emaranhado quente e frio, interessou-nos explorar as singularidades do encontro e os movimentos de forças instituintes e do instituído com o compromisso de entender a EPS como ferramenta de trabalho para a institucionalização da RC. Percebemos a existência de microprocessos de institucionalização disparados no cotidiano do GCR, caracteristicamente paralisantes e mobilizadores, como a importância da participação social, ainda tímida, as tensões com a imobilidade municipal, as fragilidades-potencialidades dos recursos humanos e financeiros, e também resultados que refletem em alargamento e participação de novos atores, cooperação intermunicipal, fortalecimento dos Grupos Condutores Municipais da rede cegonha e uma gestão estadual disposta a deflagrar processos de formação participativos. Trata-se de movimentos que se revelaram em implicações de múltiplas bifurcações e em processos de EPS que se fazem de forma mutante, conformando a rede-rizoma

A Pedagogical approach of schistosomiasis an experience in health education in Minas Gerais, Brazil

The experience described here is part of an extensive program that aims to stimulate schools to develop health integrated projects from theme generators, i.e., themes that have a meaning for the community. It was developed in Jaboticatubas, a town in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the focus was schistosomiasis. The selection was based on the expressive and historical prevalence of this disease in the county, which has been known as the "capital of schistosomiasis", in a national press release since the 1960's. Schistosomiasis is also a theme pointed out by teachers as requiring more information and methodologies to work with their students, most of them living in areas of high risk of transmission. In addition, during the last years, this disease has been transmitted silently through an increasing rural tourism in that region, requiring integrated and effective control actions. The developed strategy included four schools, whose teachers, students, and families took part in the process. It emphasizes in a critical pedagogy approach, which focuses on health issues as themes that may mobilize the school community and awake the population to a work which integrates environment, health, and citizenship. The results demonstrate that teachers and students not only acquired new knowledge and methodological skills, but also gained confidence in their ability to improve their health conditions. Thus, the project promotes a critical education that can result a more permanent effect on the control of schistosomiasis as well as other benefits for the schools and for the population.

Health and physical education in middle schooling

The middle years of schooling are receiving increased attention. This paper gives some background to 'middle schooling' and begin discussion if physical education is to be involved in the shift that an increasing number of schools are attempting to make in order to enhance student learning. It addresses findings, innovations and changes to the field of physical education. A set of questions are posed about the relationship between the middle years of schooling, health and physical education.

General Practitioners' willingness to pay for continuing medical education in a fee-for-service universal coverage health care system

Background: Sponsoring of physicians meetings by life science companies has led to reduced participation fees but might influence physician's prescription practices. A ban on such sponsoring may increase participation fees. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with physicians' willingness to pay for medical meetings, their position on the sponsoring of medical meetings and their opinion on alternative financing options. Methods: An anonymous web-based questionnaire was sent to 447 general practitioners in one state in Switzerland, identified through their affiliation to a medical association. The questionnaire evaluated physicians' willingness to pay for medical meetings, their perception of a bias in prescription practices induced by commercial support, their opinion on the introduction of a binding legislation and alternative financing options, their frequency of exchange with sales representatives and other relevant socioeconomic factors. We built a multivariate predictor logistic regression model to identify determinants of willingness to pay. Results: Of the 115 physicians who responded (response rate 26%), 48% were willing to pay more than what they currently pay for congresses, 79% disagreed that commercial support introduced a bias in their prescription practices and 61% disagreed that it introduced a bias in their colleagues' prescription practices. Based on the multivariate logistic regression, perception of a bias in peers prescription practices (OR=7.47, 95% CI 1.65-38.18) and group practice structure (OR=4.62, 95% CI 1.34-22.29) were significantly associated with an increase in willingness to pay. Two thirds (76%) of physicians did not support the introduction of a binding legislation and 53% were in favour of creating a general fund administered by an independent body. Conclusion: Our results suggest that almost half of physicians surveyed are willing to pay more than what they currently pay for congresses. Predictors of an increase in physicians' willingness to pay were perception of the influence of bias in peers prescription practices and group practice structure. Most responders did not agree that sponsoring introduced prescribing bias nor did they support the 2 introduction of a binding legislation prohibiting sponsoring but a majority did agree to an independent body that would centrally administer a general fund.