Integrated analysis environment for the Movement Assessment Battery for Children

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), a chronic and usually permanent condition found in children, is characterized by motor impairment that interferes with a child's activities of daily living and with academic achievement. One of the most popular tests for the quantitative diagnosis of DCD is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Based on the Battery's standardized scores, it is possible to identify children with typical development, children at risk of developing DCD, and children with DCD. This article describes a computational system we developed to assist with the analysis of results obtained in the MABC test. The tool was developed for the web environment and its database provides integration of MABC data. Thus, researchers around the world can share data and develop collaborative work in the DCD field. In order to help analysis processes, our system provides services for filtering data to show more specific sets of information and present the results in textual, table, and graphic formats, allowing easier and more comprehensive evaluation of the results.

Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders

We undertook this study to explore the degree of impairment in movement skills in children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and a wide IQ range. Movement skills were measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) in a large, well defined, population-derived group of children (n=101: 89 males,12 females; mean age 11y 4mo, SD 10mo; range 10y-14y 3mo) with childhood autism and broader ASD and a wide range of IQ scores. Additionally, we tested whether a parent-completed questionnaire, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), was useful in identifying children who met criteria for movement impairments after assessment (n=97 with complete M-ABCs and DCDQs). Of the children with ASD, 79% had definite movement impairments on the M-ABC; a further 10% had borderline problems. Children with childhood autism were more impaired than children with broader ASD, and children with an IQ less than 70 were more impaired than those with IQ more than 70. This is consistent with the view that movement impairments may arise from a more severe neurological impairment that also contributes to intellectual disability and more severe autism. Movement impairment was not associated with everyday adaptive behaviour once the effect of IQ was controlled for. The DCDQ performed moderately well as a screen for possible motor difficulties. Movement impairments are common in children with ASD. Systematic assessment of movement abilities should be considered a routine investigation.

Physical activity of children with developmental coordination disorder in the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : does gender matter?

Baerg, S., Cairney, J., Hay, J., Rempel, L. and Faught, B.E. (2009). Physical Activity of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder in the Presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Does Gender Matter? Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, CANADA. Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have difficulties in motor coordination. Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is considered the condition most co-morbid with DCD at approximately 50%. Children with DCD are generally less physically active (PA) than their peers, while children with ADHD are often considered more physically active. It is not known if the physical activity patterns of children with DCD-ADHD resemble those of children with primarily DCD or that of their healthy peers. The primary objective of this research was to contrast physical activity patterns between children with DCD, DCD-ADHD, and healthy controls. Since boys are generally reported as more physically active than girls, a secondary objective was to determine if gender moderated the association between groups and physical activity. A sample of males (n=66) and females (n=44) were recruited from the Physical Health Activity Study Team (PHAST) longitudinal study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (2nd Ed.) was used to identify probable cases of DCD, and Connor's Revised Parent Rating Scale- Short Version to identify ADHD. Subjects (mean age=12.8±.4 yrs) were allocated to three groups; DCD (n=32), DCD-ADHD (n=30) and control (n=48). Physical activity was monitored for seven days with the Actical® accelerometer (activity count, step count and energy expenditure). Children completed the Participation Questionnaire (PQ) during the in-school session of data collection for the PHAST study. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were also determined. Analysis of variance showed significant group differences for activity count (F(2,56)=5.36, p=.007) and PQ (F(2,44 )=6. 71, p=.003) in males, while a significant group difference for step count (F(2,37)=3.55, p=.04) was found in females. Post hoc comparison tests (Tukey) identified significantly lower PQ and activity count between males with OCD and controls (p=.004) and males with DCD-ADHD and controls (p=.003). Conversely, females with DCD-ADHD had significantly more step counts than their controls (p=.01). Analysis of covariance demonstrated a gender by DCD groups negative interaction for males (activity count) (F(2,92):;:3.11, p=.049) and a positive interaction for females (step count) (F(1,92)=4.92, p=.009). Hyperactivity in females with DCD-ADHD appears to contribute to more physical activity, whereas DCD may contribute to decreased activity in males with DCD and DCDADHD. Further research is needed to examine gender differences in physical activity within the context of DCD and ADHD.

A realidade virtual na intervenção motora em crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

A produção gráfica e escrita: focalizando a variação da produção de força

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Intervenção e identificação precoce do Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação em escolares no início da alfabetização

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação: efeito do foco de atenção em tarefa bimanual

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

The effect of acute exercise and psychosocial stress on fine motor skills and testosterone concentration in the saliva of high school students

Little is known about the influence of different stressors on fine motor skills, the concentration of testosterone (T), and their interaction in adolescents. Therefore, 62 high school students aged 14–15 years were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (exercise, psychosocial stress) and a control group. Exercise stress was induced at 65–75% of the maximum heart rate by running for 15 minutes (n = 24). Psychosocial stress was generated by an intelligence test (HAWIK- IV), which was uncontrollable and characterized by social-evaluative-threat to the students (n=21). The control group followed was part of a regular school lesson with the same duration (n = 28). Saliva was collected after a normal school lesson (pre-test) as well as after the intervention/control period (post-test) and was analyzed for testosterone. Fine motor skills were assessed pre- and post-intervention using a manual dexterity test (Flower Trail) from the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. A repeated measure ANCOVA including gender as a covariate revealed a significant group by test interaction, indicating an increase in manual dexterity only for the psychosocial stress group. Correlation analysis of all students shows that the change of testosterone from pre- to post-test was directly linked (r = 2.31, p = .01) to the changes in manual dexterity performance. Participants showing high increases in testosterone from pre- to post-test made fewer mistakes in the fine motor skills task. Findings suggest that manual dexterity increases when psychosocial stress is induced and that improvement of manual dexterity performance corresponds with the increase of testosterone.

Estudo das competências grafomotoras em crianças no 3º ano de escolaridade, na região de Lisboa

A escrita é uma atividade complexa que envolve a interação constante de processos cognitivos e motores. As crianças passam grande parte do tempo a escrever em contexto escolar, aplicando também esta habilidade noutros contextos. As dificuldades de escrita ao nível da legibilidade e velocidade possuem um impacto negativo nos diferentes contextos de vida das crianças. Esta tese teve como objetivo estudar as competências de escrita em crianças no 3º ano de escolaridade, período em que é alcançada uma automatização da escrita. Começou-se por traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar para o Português Europeu dois instrumentos que são internacionalmente utilizados no diagnóstico da Disgrafia e da Perturbação do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (PDC): Movement Assessment Battery for Children – 2nd edition (MABC-2) e Echelle d’évaluation rapide de l’écriture chez l’enfant (BHK). Os instrumentos revelaram ser fidedignos e com solidez suficiente para a sua aplicação. Prosseguiu-se com a exploração da relação entre as competências de escrita e a coordenação motora. Não foi encontrada relação entre qualidade e velocidade de escrita e coordenação motora fina, nem qualquer associação entre qualidade e velocidade de escrita. Na diferença de desempenhos entre rapazes e raparigas, estas revelaram melhores resultados apenas na tarefa de colocação de pinos com a mão preferida. Verificou-se que a formação de letras é o fator que mais contribui para explicar os desempenhos na qualidade de escrita. Através de análise computacional conseguiu-se dar os primeiros passos para o estabelecimento de um padrão de legibilidade, com a caracterização espacial das letras. No entanto, não foi encontrada relação entre as características espaciais e a qualidade de escrita. No final desta tese, relatam-se as limitações dos procedimentos adotados e sugerem-se futuros desafios de investigação dos fenómenos inerentes a esta temática.

Desordem coordenativa no desenvolvimento (DCD): Incidência em crianças do concelho de Santarém e influência na dinâmica do equilíbrio estático unipedal

As crianças que apresentam uma função motora significativamente abaixo da sua idad cronológica, com comprometimento motor, que interfere significativamente com as atividade da vida diária, o qual não esteja relacionado com uma condição médica, são diagnosticada com tendo “desordem coordenativa no desenvolvimento” (DCD) (APA, 1994). Pretendemos realizar um despiste de crianças com provável DCD e em risco de DCD nos jardin de infância do concelho de Santarém, analisar a prevalência de lateralidade, bem com analisar o padrão de equilíbrio nestas crianças. Foi empregue a banda 1 do teste MABC-2 (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2) e método de análise de recorrência (RQA) (Riley, Balasubramaniam, & Turvey, 1999). A nossa amostra foi constituída por 239 crianças e apresentou uma percentagem de 8,4 crianças com provável DCD, mostrou que a maior incidência recaí nos rapazes, 65%. Est mesmo grupo, crianças com provável DCD, é o que apresenta maior número de sinistrómana com uma percentagem de 7,7% para os rapazes e de 28,6% nas raparigas. A criança com provável DCD, no somatório da pontuação da bateria de testes MABC-2 criança apresenta-se como provável DCD, no entanto quando foi avaliada apenas no teste d equilíbrio não manifestou problemas.

Desordem coordenativa no desenvolvimento (DCD): Incidência em crianças do concelho de Santarém e influência na dinâmica do equilíbrio estático unipedal

As crianças que apresentam uma função motora significativamente abaixo da sua idad cronológica, com comprometimento motor, que interfere significativamente com as atividade da vida diária, o qual não esteja relacionado com uma condição médica, são diagnosticada com tendo “desordem coordenativa no desenvolvimento” (DCD) (APA, 1994). Pretendemos realizar um despiste de crianças com provável DCD e em risco de DCD nos jardin de infância do concelho de Santarém, analisar a prevalência de lateralidade, bem com analisar o padrão de equilíbrio nestas crianças. Foi empregue a banda 1 do teste MABC-2 (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2) e método de análise de recorrência (RQA) (Riley, Balasubramaniam, & Turvey, 1999). A nossa amostra foi constituída por 239 crianças e apresentou uma percentagem de 8,4 crianças com provável DCD, mostrou que a maior incidência recaí nos rapazes, 65%. Est mesmo grupo, crianças com provável DCD, é o que apresenta maior número de sinistrómana com uma percentagem de 7,7% para os rapazes e de 28,6% nas raparigas. A criança com provável DCD, no somatório da pontuação da bateria de testes MABC-2 criança apresenta-se como provável DCD, no entanto quando foi avaliada apenas no teste d equilíbrio não manifestou problemas.

Intellectual outcome, motor skills and BMI of children with congenital hypothyroidism: a population-based study

AIM: To evaluate intellectual outcome, motor skills and anthropometric data of children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). METHODS: Children with permanent CH who were born in 1999 in Bavaria were eligible for this prospective, population-based study. Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and motor skills were assessed by the motor test, Motoriktest für vier-bis sechsjahrige Kinder (MOT) 4-6. RESULTS: Eighteen of 21 eligible children participated (86%). Median age of the children was 5.5 years (range 4.9-5.8). Treatment with levothyroxine was started after a median of 7.2 days (range 4-15) with a median dose of 12.0 microg/kg (range 7.2-17.0). Mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the children was 100.4 (standard deviation [SD] 10.1): no children had IQ values below the normal range. Reactivity and speed of movement were significantly reduced in children with CH. Children with an initial thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value of >200 mU/L performed significantly worse than children with TSH value of Children with CH had a significant increased risk for overweight (risk ratio [RR] 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-11.75, p=0.005) compared to the Bavarian reference children. CONCLUSION: In this study, children with CH had an increased prevalence of overweight compared to reference data. Partially impaired motor skills could be shown, whereas the intellectual development was normal.

Computerizing Social-Emotional Assessment for School Readiness: First Steps toward an Assessment Battery for Early Childhood Settings

The transition into formal schooling is a crucial foundation that can set children on a cycle of success or failure in both academic and social domains. A child’s abilities to express healthy emotions, understand emotions of self and others, regulate emotion, attention, and behavior, make good decisions regarding social problems, and engage in a range of prosocial behaviors, all work together to promote a successful school experience. However, many children have deficits in these skills by school entry, and educators lack the requisite tools to identify, track and assess skills these children need to learn. Thus, because social-emotional learning (SEL) is so crucial, assessment tools to pinpoint children’s skills and progress are vitally necessary. Previous work by the authors and other researchers has led to the development of strong assessment tools; however, these tools are often developed solely for research use, not practitioner application. In the following, using our assessment battery as an example, we will discuss the steps necessary to adapt SEL assessment for computer-based administration and optimal utility in early childhood education programs.