Les tendances commémoratives contemporaines à travers l’évolution des monuments aux morts en Occident

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

DOŚWIADCZENIE PRZESTRZENI W PAMIĘCI O HOLOCAUŚCIE

This paper analyzes different experiences of space by which memory of Holocaust could be passed on. The Memorial for the murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin gives visitors the feeling of insecurity and overwhelms them with monumentality. For that reason it is criticized as reflecting the other side of German memory: The Third Reich’s megalomania and dream about power. The Hamburger memorial against fascism designed in 1986 by conceptual artists Jochen and Esther Gerz offers quite an opposite experience of space. A twelve-meter-high pillar has been established for visitors to sign on it. Once the area was covered by signature it was lowered into the ground till it completely disappeared. The intention of the artists was to put memory not into the monument but into people. Pozdrowienia z Alej Jerozolimskich (Greetings from the Jerusalem Avenue, 2002) by Joanna Rajkowska – a fifteen-meter tall artificial palm tree installed in the centre of Warsaw – is an attempt to infuse with Israel's scenery a Warsaw's street whose name and history sends the observer to the history of the Jews in Poland. In another work called Dotleniacz (Oxygenator, 2007) Rajkowska created an artificial lake with oxygen concentrators, gold fish, flowers and banks. Again, the installation was placed in a very meaningful place – Grzybowski Square – which is strongly connected with Jewish life in Poland as well as Polish anti-Semitism. The synagogue in Poznan was transformed during the Nazi occupation into a swimming pool which it has remained until the present day. This fact ( just like the building) seems to be invisible for most citizens. In 2003 Rafał Jakubowicz changed the fact by projecting a Hebrew inscription הייחש-תכירב (swimming pool) on the façade of the former synagogue. In Berek (The Game of Tag, 1999) by Artur Żmijewski a group of naked men and women of various age play tag. The artist filmed them in two rooms: in a symbolically neutral space and in a gas chamber of a former Nazi death camp. The film is an attempt at breaking the spell of this horrifying and paralysing space.

Agnes Straub als Kriemhild, Jochen Poelzig als Siegfried, Rollenbild, Doppelbildnis, Brustbild, in: Friedrich Hebbel: Die Nibelungen, Worms, 1939

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F12163

Jochen Poelzig als Wilhelm Tell, Szenenfoto, Brustbild, in: Friedrich Schiller: Wilhelm Tell, Darmstadt: Hessisches Landestheater, 1932

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F12136

Jochen Poelzig als Faust, Rollenbild, Brustbild, Profil, in: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Faust I., Darmstadt: Hessisches Landestheater

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F12137

Abs, Hermann Josef/Brüsemeister, Thomas/Schemmann, Michael & Wissinger, Jochen (Hrsg.). (2015). Governance im Bildungssystem. Analysen zur Mehrebenenperspektive, Steuerung und Koordination. [Rezension]

Rezension von: Abs, Hermann Josef/Brüsemeister, Thomas/Schemmann,Michael & Wissinger, Jochen (Hrsg.). (2015). Governance im Bildungssystem. Analysen zur Mehrebenenperspektive, Steuerung und Koordination.

Albrecht Wacker / Uwe Maier / Jochen Wissinger (Hrsg.): Schul- und Unterrichtsreform durch ergebnisorientierte Steuerung. Empirische Befunde und forschungsmethodische Implikationen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag 2012 (324 S.) [Rezension]

Rezension von: Albrecht Wacker / Uwe Maier / Jochen Wissinger (Hrsg.): Schul- und Unterrichtsreform durch ergebnisorientierte Steuerung. Empirische Befunde und forschungsmethodische Implikationen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag 2012 (324 S.; ISBN 978-3-531-16615-5)

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in matched samples of human milk, dust and indoor air

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are lipophilic, persistent pollutants found worldwide in environmental and human samples. Exposure pathways for PBDEs remain unclear but may include food, air and dust. The aim of this study was to conduct an integrated assessment of PBDE exposure and human body burden using 10 matched samples of human milk, indoor air and dust collected in 2007–2008 in Brisbane, Australia. In addition, temporal analysis was investigated comparing the results of the current study with PBDE concentrations in human milk collected in 2002–2003 from the same region. PBDEs were detected in all matrices and the median concentrations of BDEs -47 and -209 in human milk, air and dust were: 4.2 and 0.3 ng/g lipid; 25 and 7.8 pg/m3; and 56 and 291 ng/g dust, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between the concentrations of BDE-99 in air and human milk (r = 0.661, p = 0.038) and BDE-153 in dust and BDE-183 in human milk (r = 0.697, p = 0.025). These correlations do not suggest causal relationships — there is no hypothesis that can be offered to explain why BDE-153 in dust and BDE-183 in milk are correlated. The fact that so few correlations were found in the data could be a function of the small sample size, or because additional factors, such as sources of exposure not considered or measured in the study, might be important in explaining exposure to PBDEs. There was a slight decrease in PBDE concentrations from 2002–2003 to 2007–2008 but this may be due to sampling and analytical differences. Overall, average PBDE concentrations from these individual samples were similar to results from pooled human milk collected in Brisbane in 2002–2003 indicating that pooling may be an efficient, cost-effective strategy of assessing PBDE concentrations on a population basis. The results of this study were used to estimate an infant's daily PBDE intake via inhalation, dust ingestion and human milk consumption. Differences in PBDE intake of individual congeners from the different matrices were observed. Specifically, as the level of bromination increased, the contribution of PBDE intake decreased via human milk and increased via dust. As the impacts of the ban of the lower brominated (penta- and octa-BDE) products become evident, an increased use of the higher brominated deca-BDE product may result in dust making a greater contribution to infant exposure than it does currently. To better understand human body burden, further research is required into the sources and exposure pathways of PBDEs and metabolic differences influencing an individual's response to exposure. In addition, temporal trend analysis is necessary with continued monitoring of PBDEs in the human population as well as in the suggested exposure matrices of food, dust and air.