Institutional history of Virginia in the seventeenth century ; an inquiry into the religious, moral, educational, legal, military, and political condition of the people based on original and contemporaneous records.

Bibliography: volume 1, pages xi-xiii.

Institutional history of Virginia in the seventeenth century; an inquiry into the religious, moral and educational, legal, military, and political condition of the people based on original and contemporaneous records,

Bibliography: v. 1, p. xi-xiii.

Institutional history of Virginia in the seventeenth century; an inquiry into the religious, moral, educational, legal, military, and political condition of the people based on original and contemporaneous records.

Bibliography: v. 1, p. xi-xiii.

The state. Elements of historical and practical politics. A sketch of institutional history and administration.

"Representative authorities" at end of chapters.

Review : "Networking : commercial television in Australia : a history" -- Nick Herd

Nick Herd begins his institutional history of Australian commercial television in the early 1890s, when an amateur inventor named Henry Sutton designed the ‘telephane’ with the intent of watching the Melbourne Cup in his home town of Ballarat. The ‘race that stops a nation’ was not broadcast live on television until 1960, but Sutton’s initiative indicates how closely sport and television were aligned in Australia even before the medium existed. The first licensed commercial stations to begin regular broadcasting went on air in Sydney and Melbourne shortly before the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games, although Herd claims that this was ‘almost accidental’ rather than planned. (49) Only Melbourne viewers were able to see some events live, many via television sets in Ampol service stations following the company’s last minute sponsorship of coverage on Melbourne station GTV-9...

Materials for a history of Hungarian academic orientalism: The case of Gyula Germanus

This article provides materials for an institutional history of academic Hungarian Orientalism through the life of Gyula Germanus (1884-1979). Using hitherto unexploited archives, this text explores his education, integration into academia, and career up to 1939. I argue that Germanus was an assimilated Hungarian of Jewish origin with a strong loyalty to the state. His two conversions - to Calvinism in 1909 and to Islam in 1930 - also transformed him from a minor Turkologist into a popularly acclaimed Arabist. This study demonstrates that academic Orientalism as a national science was a contested vehicle of social mobility in the Hungarian transition from an imperial to a nation-state setting.© 2014 koninklijke brill nv, leiden.

Suomen Taideyhdistyksestä Ateneumiin : Fredrik Cygnaeus, Carl Gustaf Estlander ja taidekokoelman roolit

From the Finnish Art Society to the Ateneum: Fredrik Cygnaeus, Carl Gustaf Estlander and the Roles of the Art Collection My dissertation deals with the Finnish Art Society and the development of its collection in the evolving field of the visual arts from the foundation of the society in 1846 to its exhibition in the Ateneum, a palace of art that was opened to the public in Helsinki in 1888. The main questions that it addresses are why and how the collection came into being, what its purpose was and what kind of future prospects were projected for it in the rapidly evolving field of the visual arts. I have examined the subject of my study from the perspectives of institutional history, the organisation of the field of art and the history of art collections. The prisms through which I have viewed the subject are the history of museums in Europe, the written history of art, the art association movement and the organisation of art education in relation to an ideology of enlightenment. Thus the activities of the Finnish Art Society are here mirrored for the first time in a wider context and the history of its collection located on the map of European collections. My research shows that the history of the collection of the Finnish Art Society initially depended on certain players in the visual arts and their particular leanings. The most important of these custodians were two long-serving chairmen of the society, Fredrik Cygnaeus (1807 1881) and Carl Gustaf Estlander (1834 1910). When the foundations for art activities had been laid through the establishment of the society, Cygnaeus and Estlander began to plan how the field of art might be moulded so as to improve the level of training for artists and to improve the quality of the collections and the opportunities for their display. Cygnaeus campaigned for the establishment of the Finnish Fine Arts Academy, while Estlander saw opportunities to combine the visual and applied arts. The findings of my research bring new information about the history of the collection of the Finnish Art Society, its profile, the professional abilities of those who were mainly responsible for developing it and the relationship between it and plans for reforming art education. The major findings are connected with the position of the collection in the field of art at different stages of its development. Despite the central monopoly of the Finnish Art Society in the field of art, the position of the collection was closely bound up with leading players in the field of art and their personal interests. This subservience also created an impediment to its full-blown enhancement and purposeful profiling, and it remained evident for a long time when the collection was seeking its own place in the Finnish art world.

Reinventing Nordic Openness : Transparency and State Information in Finland

The study explores new ideational changes in the information strategy of the Finnish state between 1998 and 2007, after a juncture in Finnish governing in the early 1990s. The study scrutinizes the economic reframing of institutional openness in Finland that comes with significant and often unintended institutional consequences of transparency. Most notably, the constitutional principle of publicity (julkisuusperiaate), a Nordic institutional peculiarity allowing public access to state information, is now becoming an instrument of economic performance and accountability through results. Finland has a long institutional history in the publicity of government information, acknowledged by law since 1951. Nevertheless, access to government information became a policy concern in the mid-1990s, involving a historical narrative of openness as a Nordic tradition of Finnish governing Nordic openness (pohjoismainen avoimuus). International interest in transparency of governance has also marked an opening for institutional re-descriptions in Nordic context. The essential added value, or contradictory term, that transparency has on the Finnish conceptualisation of governing is the innovation that public acts of governing can be economically efficient. This is most apparent in the new attempts at providing standardised information on government and expressing it in numbers. In Finland, the publicity of government information has been a concept of democratic connotations, but new internationally diffusing ideas of performance and national economic competitiveness are discussed under the notion of transparency and its peer concepts openness and public (sector) information, which are also newcomers to Finnish vocabulary of governing. The above concepts often conflict with one another, paving the way to unintended consequences for the reforms conducted in their name. Moreover, the study argues that the policy concerns over openness and public sector information are linked to the new drive for transparency. Drawing on theories of new institutionalism, political economy, and conceptual history, the study argues for a reinvention of Nordic openness in two senses. First, in referring to institutional history, the policy discourse of Nordic openness discovers an administrative tradition in response to new dilemmas of public governance. Moreover, this normatively appealing discourse also legitimizes the new ideational changes. Second, a former mechanism of democratic accountability is being reframed with market and performance ideas, mostly originating from the sphere of transnational governance and governance indices. Mobilizing different research techniques and data (public documents of the Finnish government and international organizations, some 30 interviews of Finnish civil servants, and statistical time series), the study asks how the above ideational changes have been possible, pointing to the importance of nationalistically appealing historical narratives and normative concepts of governing. Concerning institutional developments, the study analyses the ideational changes in central steering mechanisms (political, normative and financial steering) and the introduction of budget transparency and performance management in two cases: census data (Population Register Centre) and foreign political information (Ministry for Foreign Affairs). The new policy domain of governance indices is also explored as a type of transparency. The study further asks what institutional transformations are to be observed in the above cases and in the accountability system. The study concludes that while the information rights of citizens have been reinforced and recalibrated during the period under scrutiny, there has also been a conversion of institutional practices towards economic performance. As the discourse of Nordic openness has been rather unquestioned, the new internationally circulating ideas of transparency and the knowledge economy have entered this discourse without public notice. Since the mid 1990s, state registry data has been perceived as an exploitable economic resource in Finland and in the EU public sector information. This is a parallel development to the new drive for budget transparency in organisations as vital to the state as the Population Register Centre, which has led to marketization of census data in Finland, an international exceptionality. In the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the post-Cold War rhetorical shift from secrecy to performance-driven openness marked a conversion in institutional practices that now see information services with high regards. But this has not necessarily led to the increased publicity of foreign political information. In this context, openness is also defined as sharing information with select actors, as a trust based non-public activity, deemed necessary amid the global economic competition. Regarding accountability system, deliberation and performance now overlap, making it increasingly difficult to identify to whom and for what the public administration is accountable. These evolving institutional practices are characterised by unintended consequences and paradoxes. History is a paradoxical component in the above institutional change, as long-term institutional developments now justify short-term reforms.

Sociedade de Geografia do Rio de Janeiro : espelho das tradições progressistas (1910-1945)

Esta tese examina a trajetória da Sociedade de Geografia do Rio de Janeiro entre 1910 e 1945, quando foi extinta para dar lugar a uma outra instituição, de âmbito nacional, a Sociedade Brasileira de Geografia. Criada nos anos oitocentos, a associação foi um dos redutos culturais que desfrutaram do patrocínio do imperador D. Pedro II. Com o advento do regime republicano, a SGRJ sofreu contratempos políticos, mas continuou a desenvolver atividades e projetos pedagógicos, que buscavam descortinar o Brasil aos brasileiros, consoante o movimento nacionalista das primeiras décadas do século XX. Em 1930, a Sociedade mostrou -se favorável ao golpe de estado que alçou Getúlio Vargas ao poder. Durante a chamada era Vargas colaborou com o governo e foi integrada ao sistema geográfico oficial do IBGE. Além disso, foi pioneira n a promoção dos congressos brasileiros de geografia entre 1909 e 1940. A SGRJ desde a sua fundação até a sua extinção atuou como um lugar privilegiado para o debate e a reunião de estudiosos da matéria. Embora carecessem de sistematização e de continuidade, é inquestionável que as práticas científicas desenvolvidas pela SGRJ colaboraram para a formação do campo da disciplina.

Sociedade de Geografia do Rio de Janeiro: identidade e espaço nacional (1883-1909)

Criada em 1883 por um grupo de políticos e intelectuais da Corte Imperial, a Sociedade de Geografia do Rio de Janeiro teve como meta sistematizar os conhecimentos geográficos disponíveis. Com o advento da República, a entidade passou por uma série de percalços, uma vez que os novos governantes a identificavam como um reduto monarquista. Apesar das dificuldades, a Sociedade continuou a desenvolver suas atividades. A geografia fornecia o conhecimento necessário para resolver os problemas do Estado, tais como o desconhecimento do território nacional e a necessidade de novas vias de comunicação. Com intuito de resolver tais questões, os seus associados esforçaram-se colocando a ciência a serviço da nação.

Judges, Conflict, and the Past

Drawing upon interviews with senior judicial figures in Northern Ireland, South Africa and elsewhere, this article considers the role of the judiciary in a political conflict.1 Using the socio-legal literature on judicial performance and audience as well as transitional justice, the article argues that judges in Northern Ireland ‘performed’ to a number of ‘imagined’ audiences including Parliament, ‘the public’ and their judicial peers - all of which it is argued shaped their view of the judicial role. In light of ongoing efforts to deal with the past in the jurisdiction, and the experiences of other transitional societies, the article argues that the judiciary can and should engage in a mature, reflexive and, where appropriate, self-critical examination of the good and bad of their own institutional history during the conflict. It also argues that such a review of judicial performance requires an external audience in order to encourage the judiciary to see truth beyond the limits of legalism.

Monsenhor Airosa - pedagogo - empresário : história do colégio de regeneração de Braga : (1869-1931)

Tese de doutoramento, Educação (História da Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2015

Els precedents de la Catedral de Santa Maria de Girona. De la plaça religiosa del fòrum romà al conjunt arquitectònic de la seu romànica (ss. I aC - XIV dC)

S'estudia els precedents de l'actual edifici de la Catedral de Girona prenent com a guia bàsica les restes físiques detectades en el sector, combinant-les amb nombroses notícies procedents de la documentació escrita i la consideració de paral·lels. Un apartat historiogràfic posa de relleu les diferents opinions sobre la història de la Catedral i dels seus edificis d'ençà del segle XVII. El conjunt d'època romana consistia en la plaça religiosa del fòrum de la ciutat. Com que els segles de l'Antiguitat Tardana i Alta Edat Mitjana no deixaren rastre físic identificable, el següent conjunt arquitectònic estudiat és el de la catedral del segle XI (iniciada vers 1010), detallada en cadascuna de les seves parts així com en els seus aspectes generals (implantació, tècnica constructiva, decoració). Finalment, l'estudi del conjunt claustral (configuració i funcions) permet aclarir determinats aspectes de la història institucional del capítol de la Catedral.

Da irrelevância do mercado relevante: economistas, teoria econômica e política antitruste no Brasil

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a construção social da política antitruste no Brasil, focando no papel dos economistas e de suas teorias na prática organizacional do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE). Com base na sociologia econômica contemporânea, a pesquisa traça um histórico institucional da política e do órgão antitruste argumentando que o conhecimento econômico, ao ser utilizado e institucionalizado na prática organizacional da agência, tornou as decisões jurídicas uma questão econômica e acabou construindo uma poderosa ferramenta de performatividade da teoria econômica. A dissertação busca realçar o processo político performativo de economicização implícito na construção isomórfica de políticas econômicas.

Uma arca das tradições: educar e comemorar no Museu Mariano Procópio

Esta tese é uma reflexão sobre a construção de escritas da História do Brasil em museus, a partir da década de 1920, momento fulcral para o estabelecimento de uma “pedagogia da nacionalidade” republicana, que tem por suporte o discurso museal. Alguns dos esforços político-pedagógicos dessas instituições foram observados, com o objetivo de compreender as principais características de um paradigma educativo para o saber histórico nos museus. Assim, a análise das comemorações cívicas, dos guias de divulgação e das exposições permitiu uma aproximação das ativações memoriais ensejadas pelos atores dos museus, com atenção para as continuidades, as negociações e as transformações dos projetos, especialmente em sua dimensão pedagógica. O Museu Mariano Procópio foi selecionado para a realização de um estudo de caso, tanto por suas especificidades, que nos induzem a pensar o “concerto” dos museus nacionais a partir do interior do país como pela relevância de seu acervo e pela intensidade de ações educativas desenvolvidas na gestão de Geralda Armond (1944-1980). A gestão Armond é o foco da tese, sendo marcada pela defesa da continuidade institucional e do enquadramento da memória da família Lage; pela luta pela sustentação material do Museu, inclusive com uma forte aproximação com o regime civil e militar; e pela busca da profissionalização de quadros e do dinamismo das ações. Os resultados atentam para a multiplicidade e fragilidade na construção identitária do Museu, associada ao fato de ser um museu “municipal”. Uma situação que explica, ao menos em parte, seu esquecimento no cenário nacional a despeito de seu acervo expressivo e das articulações encetadas com o sistema escolar, por meio do fortalecimento do sentido cívico de suas ações pedagógicas.