Crecimiento urbano y conservación de flora amenazada: aplicaciones cartográficas en el caso de Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss

La aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG) en el seguimiento de especies vegetales de flora catalogada como rara, endémica o amenazada, ha permitido obtener una base de datos georreferenciada de las poblaciones de Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. La información, adquirida mediante un intensivo trabajo de campo, permite elaborar una cartografía de detalle útil para conocer sus principales amenazas, encabezadas por el crecimiento urbano. Mediante un análisis espacial se realiza un seguimiento de la dinámica de estas poblaciones en un sector concreto de su área de ocupación, que incluye una prospectiva de las áreas que desaparecerán en caso de ejecutarse el planeamiento urbano. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre la utilidad del método presentado.

Aplicaciones de las tecnologías SIG y GPS en la dinámica de poblaciones de flora amenazada: Helianthemun caput-felis Boiss

Se muestra un ejemplo de aplicación combinada de las técnicas SIG y GPS para el seguimiento de especies vegetales de flora catalogada como rara, endémica o amenazada: Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. La localización georreferenciada de todas sus poblaciones y la base de datos generada permiten la elaboración de una cartografía de detalle muy útil para conocer las condiciones óptimas para su desarrollo, sus principales amenazas, así como para realizar el seguimiento de la dinámica de estas poblaciones, ya que a través del análisis espacial se puede preveer qué áreas desaparecerán si se ejecuta el planeamiento urbanístico vigente y, por lo tanto, tomar las medidas oportunas desde el organismo oficial competente. Esta cartografía a escala de detalle se convierte en una información de base y de consulta fácil de integrar en los proyec-tos de desarrollo del planeamiento.

Identificación de impactos sobre flora rara, endémica o amenazada mediante el análisis de secuencias espaciotemporales

En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos a partir de una metodología de seguimiento de poblaciones de flora rara, endémica o amenazada –concretamente la cistácea Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. en el litoral sur de la provincia de Alicante- con el fin de constatar extinciones recientes de estas especies mediante la utilización combinada de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), Sistemas de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) y la aplicación Google Earth. Finalmente se reflexiona, a partir de la experiencia de trabajo con la especie referida, sobre las ventajas que puede significar esta última aplicación a la hora de difundir los datos y facilitar así la gestión y conservación de la flora y sus hábitats.

Seed Transmission of Broad Bean Stain Virus in the Wild Legume Vicia Palestina Boiss

Abstract Seed-transmissibility of brood bean stain virus (BBSV) was investigated in a number of wild legume species. Genninating axes of seeds coliected from BBSV -infected plants were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The virus was found to be seedtransmitted in Vida pal«stina.

Karyological Characteristics of Lilium ledebourii Boiss and Lilium longiflorum Thunb.

The karyological characteristics of two Lilium species were investigated by aceto-ferric-hematoxylin staining. Chromosome characteristics, including the number and length of the chromosomes, length of their long and short arms, length of the total set of chromosomes, the arm ratio index and relative lengths of chromosome, were measured based on averages for five different metaphase cells. Both species are diploid (2n=2x=24). The karyotype of Lilium ledebourii consisted of 1 pair of metacentric, 4 pairs of submetacentric, 3 pairs of acrocentric and 4 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. The karyotype of Lilium longiflorum was comprised of 1 pair of metacentric, 4 pairs of acrocentric and 7 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Chromosomes 5 and 7 in Lilium ledebourii and chromosomes 6 in Lilium longiflorum had a satellite. Karyotypes were classified as 3A by Stebbins classification.

Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil and nisin on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in light salted silver carp fillet (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

There is an increasing demand in developing newer and safer methods in preserving food products.Among which herbal additives seem to attract evermore attention recently.the major advantage of herbal additives is due to their favorable aroma besides their antimicrobial effects and less expensive than chemical additives. Zataria multiflora Boiss is a native Iranian herb which is used vastly as a food preserver essential oils and also medical usage. Metabolites of harmless bacteria, such as Nisin are also known to be safe preservatives that have antimicrobial activity. However to establish the usefulness of natural antimicrobial preservatives, they must be evaluated alone and in combination with other preservation factors to determine whether there are synergistic effects in rigid media . In this study were evaluated the effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora (EO 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405 ,0.810 %) and Nisin(0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.75 μg/ml) and Storage time (up to 21 days) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in a food model system(light salted fish of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). The results on growth of S. aureus were evaluated using SPSS 15.0 statistical software (SPSS 15.0 for windows, SPSS Inc.) and analyzed the logarithm of total count of the bacteria by Tukey Test. Results were considered statistically significant when P≤0.05. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was affected significantly(P<0.05) by EO and Nisin and also combinations of EO and Nisin. Samples treated with 0.135, 0.405 and 0.810% of thyme essential oil showed a significant decrease on the growth of the bacteria compared with an treated samples(P<0.05). No significant difference was seen on the growth of S.aureus in samples treated with lower concentrations of Z.multiflora(below 0.045%) and untreated group(P>0.05). The most inhibitory effects were seen in samples treated with 0.405% and 0.810% of thyme essential oil until 9 and 12 days after storage,respectively. Also there was significant inhibtory effect(P<0.05) in different concentration of nisin on the organism compared with an treated samples. The synergism effects of the Eo and nisin on the growth rate of the bacteria was significant (P<0.05) compared with untreated samples and samples treated with the Eo or nisin, only. Synergismic effects was observed at concentration of 0.405 and 0.810% of Z. multiflora essential oil with 0.25 μg/ml Nisin, respectively until 15 days after storage. As expected it is preferred to apply the least possible amounts of additives in food preserving that not only are effective and safe but are economically justifiable.

Contribución al estudio anatómico de los géneros Elaeoselinum Koch ex DC., Margotia Boiss. y Distichoselinum García Martín & Silvestre (Umbelliferae), en la Península Ibérica

Se realiza el estudio anatómico de los tallos, hojas y frutos de los taxones ibéricos del género Elaeoselinum s.l. y se discute el valor de los caracteres anatómicos, en orden a considerar como géneros independientes Elaeoselinum Koch ex DC., Margotia Boiss. y Distichoselinum García Martín & Silvestre.

Medicago blancheana Boiss. var. blancheana, nueva adventicia para la Península Ibérica

Se cita una nueva adventicia de origen mediterráneo-oriental para la Peninsula Ibérica: Medicago blancheana Boiss. var. blancheana.

Poa feratiana Boiss. & Reuter en el Sistema Central (España)

Se da a conocer la presencia del taxon Poa feratiana Boiss. &  Reuter en el Sistema Central, Se comenta la corologia del taxon en la Península Ibérica.

Armeria langei Boiss. ex Lange subsp. belmontei (Plumbaginaceae) subsp.nova

Se describe un nuevo taxon para la flora ibérica.

Serratula baetica Boiss. subsp. lusitanica (Asteraceae) subsp. nova

Se describe un nuevo taxon para Portugal: Serratula baetica Boiss. subsp. lusitanica Cantó, subsp. nova.

Lateralized behaviour in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus

Lateralized behaviour in the felids has been subject to little investigation. We examined the paw use of 42 domestic cats on three tasks designed to determine whether the animals performed asymmetrical motor behaviour. The influence of the cats' sex and age on their paw preferences was also explored. The distribution of the cats' paw preferences differed significantly between the three tasks. Task 1, the most complex exercise involving retrieval of a food treat from an empty jar, encouraged the most apparent display of lateralized behaviour, with all but one animal showing a strong preference to use either their left or right paw consistently. Tasks 2 (an exercise involving reaching for a toy suspended overhead) and 3 (a challenge involving reaching for a toy moving along the ground) encouraged ambilateral motor performance. Lateralized behaviour was strongly sex related. Male and female cats showed paw preferences at the level of the population, but in opposite directions. Females had a greater preference for using their right paw; males were more inclined to adopt their left paw. Feline age was unrelated to either strength or direction of preferred paw use. Overall, the findings suggest that there are two distinct populations of paw preference in the cat that cluster strongly around the animals' sex. The results also point to a relationship between lateralized behaviour and task complexity. More apparent patterns of lateralized behaviour were evident on more complex manipulatory tasks, hinting at functional brain specialization in this species. © 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

The ontogenesis of lateralized behavior in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus

For the first time, the development of paw preferences in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus, is explored. Twelve cats were tested at ages 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year on a challenge requiring them to use one of their paws to retrieve food. To control for repeated testing of the same cats at different ages, the subjects' paw preferences were compared with those of cats tested just once, at 6 months (n = 11) or 1 year (n = 14) of age. Analysis revealed a significant effect of age on the distribution of cats' paw preferences. Cats were significantly more likely to be ambilateral than paw preferent at 12 weeks and at 6 months but more likely to display a lateral bias in paw use at 1 year. There was a significant positive correlation between cats' paw preferences at 6 months and at 1 year. Lateralized behavior was strongly sex related. Females had a greater preference for using their right paw; males were significantly more inclined to adopt their left. Analysis revealed no significant difference in the direction or strength of paw preferences of cats tested longitudinally or cross-sectionally at 6 months or 1 year of age. Findings indicate that cats develop paw preferences by 1 year and hint at a relative stability in preferred paw use over time. The strong sex effect observed strengthens the case for the influence of a biological mechanism in the emergence of motor asymmetry in cats.