Controlling the transport of an ion: classical and quantum mechanical solutions

The accurate transport of an ion over macroscopic distances represents a challenging control problem due to the different length and time scales that enter and the experimental limitations on the controls that need to be accounted for. Here, we investigate the performance of different control techniques for ion transport in state-of-the-art segmented miniaturized ion traps. We employ numerical optimization of classical trajectories and quantum wavepacket propagation as well as analytical solutions derived from invariant based inverse engineering and geometric optimal control. The applicability of each of the control methods depends on the length and time scales of the transport. Our comprehensive set of tools allows us make a number of observations. We find that accurate shuttling can be performed with operation times below the trap oscillation period. The maximum speed is limited by the maximum acceleration that can be exerted on the ion. When using controls obtained from classical dynamics for wavepacket propagation, wavepacket squeezing is the only quantum effect that comes into play for a large range of trapping parameters. We show that this can be corrected by a compensating force derived from invariant based inverse engineering, without a significant increase in the operation time.

Machine for visual inspection

The project was made during the Erasmus+ Program in Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Portugal. I had a pleasure to do this in Gislotica Mechanical Solution, Lda. This document presents a process of design a vertical inspection station for truck tires. The first part contains an introduction. There are information about Gislotica Company and also first analysis of problem. In next part is presented way to figured out the task and described all issues connected with designed machine. In last part were made some conclusions about problems and results. There is a place not only for sum up design process but also my develop during the project. I repeatedly pointed out which issues were new for me. A lot of times I focus on myself and gained experience and information about design process.

Tire inspection spreading machine

The aim of the project was to design in Solidworks and improve an existing Tire inspection machine. The project was developed in Gislotica - Mechanical Solutions, guided by ing. Rui Manuel Fazenda Silva who is a professor in ISEP. The designed device relates to the inspection of automobile tires for holes and weak places caused by punctures and usage. Such inspection includes careful examination of the inside surface of the tire which is difficult because of its cylindrical shape, stiff and resistant nature of the material out of which the tire is made. The whole idea is to provide a machine by which the walls of the tire may be spread and hold apart, presenting the inner surface for the worker to control. The device must also perform rotational and vertical movement of the tire. It is meant to provide inspection in hich there is no need for the controller to use force. It makes his work easier and more efficient.

Tukin asemointi sahausta varten

Diplomityössä tutkittiin tukinpyörityksen yleisimpiä ongelmia. Tutkimus selvitti tukinpyörityksen ongelmien syitä, sekä määritti kahden tukinpyörityslaitteiston takuuarvot. Tutkimuksen kohteena oli myös prosessiparametrien muutoksen vaikutus pyöritystarkkuuteen. Tukin pyöritysvirheen ja saannon yhteyttä tutkittiin teorian perusteella. Tukin onnistuneessa asemoinnissa sahaukseen täytyy hallita tukinpyöritys sekä -suuntaus. Tukin virheellinen asemointi heikentää saantoa. Raaka-ainekustannukset ovat suurimmat yksittäiset kustannukset sahoilla, siksi tukin virheellinen asemointi heikentää sahan taloudellista tulosta voimakkaasti. Työn tuloksista käy ilmi, ettei tukinpyörityksen onnistuminen riipu ainoastaan mekaanisista ratkaisuista, järjestelmän kaikkien komponenttien on toimittava moitteettomasti. Mekaniikka ei toteuta pyörityskäskyjä oikein, jos käskyt ovat epätarkkoja. Tukinpyörityksen tarkkuuden mittaukseen on kiinnitetty huomiota vasta äskettäin. Tunnusluvut, jotka kuvaavat tukinpyöritystarkkuutta ovat vakiintumassa yleiseen käyttöön. Työn tulosten perusteella voidaan tukinpyörityslaitteistojen myynti perustaa tutkimustiedolle.

Käsinhitsauksen mekanisointiratkaisujen kehittäminen

Työn tavoitteena on kehittää asiakkaiden käsinhitsausta kartoittamalla heidän hitsaavaa tuotantoa, sekä sen mahdollisia ongelmia. Järjestettävän hitsauskokeen avulla mitataan mekanisoidun hitsauksen tuottavuutta, laatua ja työergonomiaa. Työ sisältää teoreettisen ja käytännöllisen osuuden. Teoreettinen osuus pohjautuu kirjallisuuteen ja käytännöllinen osuus eri yrityksien kyselyihin ja haastatteluihin sekä hitsauskokeeseen. Teoreettinen osuus käsittelee käsinhitsausta ja siihen liittyviä mekanisointiratkaisuja. Käsinhitsauksessa käsitellään yleisimmät käsinhitsausprosessit, käsinhitsattava tuote ja tuotanto sekä sen tuottavuutta. Mekanisointiratkaisuissa käsitellään yleisimmät mekanisointiratkaisut ja laitteet sekä käytännön toteutusta. Käytännöllisessä osuudessa yritykset pitivät nykyisin hitsauksessa tärkeimpänä hitsaajien ammattitaitoa, tuottavuutta, työn mielekkyyttä, laatua sekä työturvallisuutta. Yrityksien tulisi tarkastella tuotannossaan hitsaussolujen sisältöä, sisäistä logistiikkaa ja kappaleiden kiinnitystä. Kappaleenkäsittelijään yrityksiltä tuli paljon kehitysideoita, kuten kiinnitykseen valmiita ratkaisuja sekä pöytälevyyn erilaisia vaihtoehtoja. Hitsauskokeen perusteella kappaleenkäsittelijällä työaika oli 29,4 % pienempi kuin työpöydällä. Laadullisesti koe antoi myös positiivisia tuloksia, käsittelypöydässä hitsattuja rakenteita ei tarvinnut korjata, mutta normaalissa työpöydässä piti, jotta C –luokan vaatimukset täyttyivät. Työturvallisuuden ja ergonomian kannalta suurimmat hyödyt olivat hyvä työasento, huurujen ja kurkottelun vähentyminen, mahdollisten palovammojen vähentyminen sekä vähemmän vaaraa osien putoamisesta.

Pinoamislaitteen suunnittelu vetokoneen jälkeiselle linjalle

Työn tavoitteena oli suunnitella vetokoneen linjalle pinoamislaite. Laitteen tehtävänä on pinota yksittäin vetokoneelta tulevista tuotteista asiakasvaatimusten mukaisia pinoja. Laitteen suunnittelu toteutettiin käyttämällä systemaattisen koneensuunnittelun metodia. Diplomityö rajattiin koskemaan laitteen mekaanisten ratkaisujen suunnittelua. Suunnittelussa huomioitiin linjan asettamat vaatimukset, jotka koskevat sekä tuotantomäärää että tilojen käyttöä. Laitteen suunnittelussa ja mallinnuksessa käytettiin Solidworksin 3D-mallinnusohjelmaa. Mallinnettuja ratkaisuvaihtoehtoja verrattiin keskenään. Parhaiten vaatimusluettelossa esitetyt vaatimukset täyttänyt ratkaisumalli valittiin kehitettäväksi. Suunnitellusta laitteesta valmistettiin työpiirustukset sekä kokoonpanokuvat.

Pyörivän palopään suunnittelu

Työssä suunniteltiin pienten kiinteistöjen keskuslämmityksen käyttöön kiinteää polttoainetta käyttävä palopää, jossa palopään pyörimisliike sekoittaa polttoainetta palamisen aikana. Polttoaineen sekoittamisella pyritään parantamaan palamisen hyötysuhdetta ja vähentämään haitallisia päästöjä. Laitteen suunnittelu toteutettiin systemaattista koneensuunnittelun metodia mukaillen. Työn aihe rajattiin koskemaan ainoastaan palopään mekaniikan suunnittelua ja mitoitusta. Suunnittelussa pyrittiin huomioimaan valmistusystävällisyys ja minimoimaan kustannukset. Laitteen suunnittelussa käytettiin SolidWorks 2014 – ohjelmaa.

The Harmonic Oscillator, a Review of Classical and Elementary Quantum Mechanics

The classical harmonic oscillator and an elementary discussion of the quantum mechanical solutions for the harmonic oscillator are discussed.

Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of microwave-polymerized acrylic resin after disinfection in sodium hypochlorite solutions

This study evaluated the color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of a microwave-polymerized acrylic resin after immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), simulating 20 min of disinfection daily during 180 days. Forty disk-shaped (15 x 4 mm) and 40 rectangular (65 x 10 x 3 mm) specimens were prepared with a microwave-polymerized acrylic resin (Onda-Cryl). Specimens were immersed in either 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, Clorox/Calgon and distilled water (control). Color measurements were determined by a portable colorimeter. Three parallel lines, separated by 1.0 mm, were registered on each specimen before and after immersion procedures to analyze the surface roughness. The flexural strength was measured using a 3-point bending test in a universal testing machine with a 50 kgf load cell and a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (?=0.05). There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the solutions for color, surface roughness and flexural strength. It may be concluded that immersion in NaOCl solutions simulating short-term daily use during 180 days did not influence the color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of a microwave-polymerized acrylic resin.

A note about the appearance of non-hyperbolic solutions in a mechanical pendulum system

The investigation of the behavior of a nonlinear system consists in the analysis of different stages of its motion, where the complexity varies with the proximity of a resonance region. Near this region the stability domain of the system undergoes sudden changes due basically to competition and interaction between periodic and saddle solutions inside the phase portrait, leading to the occurrence of the most different phenomena. Depending of the domain of the chosen control parameter, these events can reveal interesting geometric features of the system so that the phase portrait is not capable to express all them, since the projection of these solutions on the two-dimensional surface can hide some aspects of these events. In this work we will investigate the numerical solutions of a particular pendulum system close to a secondary resonance region, where we vary the control parameter in a restrict domain in order to draw a preliminary identification about what happens with this system. This domain includes the appearance of non-hyperbolic solutions where the basin of attraction in the center of the phase portrait diminishes considerably, almost disappearing, and afterwards its size increases with the direction of motion inverted. This phenomenon delimits a boundary between low and high frequency of the external excitation.

Comparison of Cross-Sectional Hardness and Transverse Microradiography of Artificial Carious Enamel Lesions Induced by Different Demineralising Solutions and Gels

The aims of this study were: (1) to correlate surface (SH) and cross-sectional hardness (CSH) with microradiographic parameters of artificial enamel lesions; (2) to compare lesions prepared by different protocols. Fifty bovine enamel specimens were allocated by stratified randomisation according to their initial SH values to five groups and lesions produced by different methods: MC gel (methylcellulose gel/lactic acid, pH 4.6, 14 days); PA gel (polyacrylic acid/lactic acid/hydroxyapatite, pH 4.8, 16 h); MHDP (undersaturated lactate buffer/methyl diphosphonate, pH 5.0, 6 days); buffer (undersaturated acetate buffer/fluoride, pH 5.0, 16 h), and pH cycling (7 days). SH of the lesions (SH(1)) was measured. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and transverse microradiography (TMR) and CSH measured at 10- to 220-mu m depth from the surface. Overall, there was a medium correlation but non-linear and variable relationship between mineral content and root CSH. root SH(1) was weakly to moderately correlated with surface layer properties, weakly correlated with lesion depth but uncorrelated with integrated mineral loss. MHDP lesions showed the highest subsurface mineral loss, followed by pH cycling, buffer, PA gel and MC gel lesions. The conclusions were: (1) CSH, as an alternative to TMR, does not estimate mineral content very accurately, but gives information about mechanical properties of lesions; (2) SH should not be used to analyse lesions; (3) artificial caries lesions produced by the protocols differ, especially considering the method of analysis. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

Characterization of the surface stickiness of fructose-maltodextrin solutions during drying

A probe tack test has been used for the in situ characterization of the surface stickiness of hemispherical drops with an initial radius of 3.5 mm while drying. Surface stickiness of drops of fructose and maltodextrin solutions dried at 63degreesC and 95degreesC was determined. The effect of addition of maltodextrin on fructose solution-was studied with fructose/maltodextrin solid mass ratios of 4: 1, 1: 1, and 1:4. Pure fructose solutions remained completely sticky and failed cohesively even when their moisture approached zero. Shortly after the start of drying, the surface of the maltodextrin drops formed a skin, which rapidly grew in thickness. Subsequently the drop surface became completely nonsticky probably due to transformation of outer layers into a glassy material. Addition of malto,dextrin significantly altered the surface stickiness of drops of fructose solutions, demonstrating its use as an effective drying aid.

Surface stickiness of drops of carbohydrate and organic acid solutions during convective drying: Experiments and modeling

Drying kinetics of low molecular weight sugars such as fructose, glucose, sucrose and organic acid such as citric acid and high molecular weight carbohydrate such as maltodextrin (DE 6) were determined experimentally using single drop drying experiments as well as predicted numerically by solving the mass and heat transfer equations. The predicted moisture and temperature histories agreed with the experimental ones within 6% average relative (absolute) error and average difference of +/- 1degreesC, respectively. The stickiness histories of these drops were determined experimentally and predicted numerically based on the glass transition temperature (T-g) of surface layer. The model predicted the experimental observations with good accuracy. A nonsticky regime for these materials during spray drying is proposed by simulating a drop, initially 120 mum in diameter, in a spray drying environment.

On the HHT, its problems, and some solutions

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol.22, Number 6

Mechanical properties of stent-graft materials

An aneurysm is a localized blood-filled dilatation of an artery whose consequences can be deadly. One of its current treatments is endovascular aneurysm repair, a minimally invasive procedure in which an endoprosthesis, called a stent-graft, is placed transluminally to prevent wall rupture. Early stent-grafts were custom designed for the patient through the assembling of off-the-shelf components by the operating surgeon. However, nowadays, stent-grafts have become a commercial product. The existing endoprostheses differ in several aspects, such as shape design and materials, but they have in common a metallic scaffold with a polymeric covering membrane. This article aims to gather relevant information for those who wish to understand the principles of stent-grafts and even to develop new devices. Hence, a stent-graft classification based on different characteristics is presented and the desired features for an ideal device are pointed out. Additionally, the materials currently in use to fabricate this type of endoprosthesis are reviewed and new materials are suggested.