Fonvizin.

Mode of access: Internet.

Nedorosilʹ : komedii��a︡ v pi��a︡ti di͡e︡i��stvii͡a︡kh /

Mode of access: Internet.

Chefs-d'oeuvre du théatre russe : Ozerof, Fon-Vizine, Krilof, Schakofskoi.

Translation and notes by Alexis de St.-Priest.

Sochineniia.

Mode of access: Internet.

D. I. Pisarev, negova zhivotʹi literaturnata mu di͡e︡i��a︡telnostʹ : biograficheski ocherkʹ /

Translation from Russian.

[Calligraphic specimen, 1206, i.e. 1791 or 1792].

Exquisite album of calligraphy (muraqqaʻ / murakkaa) employing ḥad��th of the Prophet executed by the celebrated Ottoman calligrapher Mahmud Celâleddin Efendi (d.1829) in imitation of a model executed by the master calligrapher Hafız Osman Efendi (d.1698).

D.I. Ilovaĭskago melkīi��a sochinenīi��a, statʹi i pisʹma : 1856-1895 gg.

Publisher varies: vyp. 1: Tip. M.G. Volchaninova.

Sub-genomic RNA of defective interfering (D.I.) dengue viral particles is replicated in the same manner as full length genomes

The predicted secondary structure of sub-genomic RNA in dengue virus defective interfering (D.I.) particles from patients, or generated in vitro, resembled that of the 3′ and 5′ regions of wild type dengue virus (DENV) genomes. While these structures in the sub-genomic RNA were found to be essential for its replication, their nucleotide sequences were not, so long as any new sequences maintained wild type RNA secondary structure. These observations suggested that these sub-genomic fragments of RNA from dengue viruses were replicated in the same manner as the full length genomes of their wild type, “helper”, viruses and that they probably represent the smallest fragments of DENV RNA that can be replicated during a natural infection. While D.I. particles containing sub-genomic RNA are completely parasitic, the relationship between wild type and D.I. DENV may be symbiotic, with the D.I. particles enhancing the transmission of infectious DENV.

Left-handed helices for DNA: studies on poly[d(I-C)]

Earlier, we showed that, for the D form (n = 8 and h = 3.03 A, where n is number of nucleotide units per turn and h is height per nucleotide unit) of poly[d(A-T)], both right- and left-handed double helical models are stereochemically satisfactory and give good agreement with the observed fiber diffraction data. It was also noted that the conformations of the right- and left-handed D-DNA models are very similar to those of the right- and left-handed B-DNA models. This observation was consistent with the D leads to B transition in the solid phase. As a continuation of our earlier studies, we have carried out similar experiments with poly[d(I-C)]. We could obtain a crystalline D-form pattern (n = 8, h = 3.13 A) of the fiber at 75% relative humidity (r.h.); the hydrated (r.h. approximately equal to 95%) form of the same fiber gave the classical B-form pattern (n = 10, h = 3.40 A). In the present report, we show that both right- and left-handed double-helical models are consistent with the fiber diffraction data of poly[d(I-C)] in the D-form. Theoretical energy calculations also suggest that the right- and left-handed B- and D-DNA models are almost equally stable. Hence, we conclude that the right- and left-handed double-helical models of poly[d(I-C)] in a given form (B or D) are equally likely and that the fiber diffraction data do not permit discrimination.

El contexto universitario español para la creaci��n de spin-off acad��micas: la actividad de I+D+I en la universidad española

La creaci��n, consolidaci��n y proliferaci��n de empresas de spin-offs acad��micas requiere que se cumplan una serie de requisitos previos:inversi��n en I+D que contribuya a crear nuevas oportunidades tecnológicas; capital-riesgo para financiar las primeras etapas de desarrollo de una spin-off; una cultura favorable al emprendizaje en el entorno universitario; programas específicos de apoyo a la creaci��n de spin-offs; un marco regulatorio-institucional que favorezca la I+D, la protecci��n de la propiedad intelectual y la aproximaci��n de los investigadores al mundo empresarial. En este artículo se pretende analizar la actividad de I+D+I universitaria española. Se trata de resaltar las principales características diferenciadoras de la situaci��n española con respecto a la Uni��n Europea, a algún país europeo significativo y a Estados Unidos, como país de referencia en la transferencia de tecnología a través de spin-off acad��micas.

El entorno español para la creaci��n de nuevas empresas de base tecnológica: La actividad de I+D+I en España. Una comparaci��n internacional

La creaci��n de empresas de base tecnológica en un determinado país o regi��n requiere que se cumplan una serie de requisitos previos: inversi��n en I+D, capital-riesgo, una cultura emprendedora, programas específicos de apoyo a la creaci��n de este tipo de empresas, un marco regulatorio-institucional favorable y un sistema social en red en el que las empresas compitan entre sí, pero al mismo tiempo aprendan unas de otras. En este trabajo se pretende evaluar la posici��n española en la actividad de I+D+I comparándola con el promedio de la Uni��n Europea, con algún país europeo significativo y con Estados Unidos, como país de referencia en este campo. Para ello, las principales fuentes de datos utilizadas son el Eurostat, la OCDE, la Comisi��n Europea, el INE, el Banco de España y la Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas.

Bereavement: A D.I.S.C. analysis

Theories of bereavement abound. The endeavour to understand this complex process has moved from intra-psychic explanations and stage theories to cognitive rationalizations and, most recently, process orientated explorations of bereavement. What has been missing in most of the literature to date is a detailed analysis of the context within which bereavement behaviours occur. This paper outlines a contingency analysis that includes consideration for the context of Death itself, Individual factors of the bereaved, Social factors, and influences of Cultural norms and systems (D.I.S.C.). The paper concludes by proposing that a comprehensive D.I.S.C. analysis might lead to whole person evidence-based practice in helping those who are experiencing bereavement.