Mantle- and crust-derived magmatism in the southern Fennoscandian Shield at c. 1.8 Ga; evidence from geochemistry, isotopes and geochronology

Geokemi och isotopsammansättningarna hos ca 1,8 Ga (miljarder år) gamla mafiska bergartsintrusioner studerades i två huvudområden: i) Transskandinaviska magmatiska bältet (TMB) i Bergslagen, Småland och Blekinge, södra Sverige, inklusive några prov från det ca 1,87 Ga gamla Hedesunda-komplexet i östra Bergslagen, samt ii) mindre, postkollisionala komplex i södra Finland och ryska Karelen. I det senare fallet var även tillhörande granitoider inkluderade i studierna. TMB-bergarterna skiljer sig avsevärt i utvecklingsgrad och omfattar sammansättningsmässigt bergarter från ultramafiter till kvartsdioriter. Dessa bergarters geokemi är kännetecknande för kontinentala öbågar. För sydligaste TMB och Hedesunda antyder geokemin en något mera oceanisk öbågekaraktär. Tillsammans med tidigare data antyder de av Rutanen analyserade Nd- och Sr-isotopförhållanden för TMB en ’milt utarmad’ mantelsammansättning. De mafiska bergarterna i södra Finland och ryska Karelen varierar från ultramafiska till monzodioritiska, men med avsevärt högre alkalihalter jämfört med TMB. Källan för all den studerade mafiska magmatismen kan beskrivas som en utarmad mantel som i varierande grad påverkats av fluider och smältor ur subducerande litosfärplattor. Geokemin antyder infiltrering och påverkning av H2O-dominerande fluider i övre manteln för TMB. Den mafiska ca 1,8 Ga gamla magmatismen österut avspeglar en ökande påverkan av sedimentderiverade karbonatfluider och smältor inom allt djupare mantelområden. Denna subduktionsrelaterade mantelanrikning skedde under den föregående öbågeutvecklingen i södra delarna av Finland och Sverige, samt ryska Karelen. Geokemin för en grupp granitoider, associerade med de ca 1,8 Ga gamla intrusionerna i södra Finland visar både vulkanisk öbåge och synkollisional granitoidkaraktär. Denna grupp har ett blandat magmatiskt och sedimentärt Svekofenniskt ursprung, vilket kan antas p.g.a. deras Nd- och Sr-isotopförhållanden. En annan grupp av granitoider ligger geokemiskt mellan vulkanisk öbåge- och intraplatt-granitoider, och har magmatiskt ursprung. Geokemin och isotoperna hos dessa intrusioner kan förklaras med hybridisering mellan de kraftigt anrikade, mantelderiverade magmorna, och granitmagmor från den äldre skorpan. Den ca 1,8 Ga gamla TMB-magmatismen i Sverige skedde vid sammanslutning av kontinentalrandbågar, med kontinuerlig subduktion mot öster i Bergslagen, och mot norr i de sydligare delarna. Samtidigt i öster intruderade de postkollisionala intrusionerna i skorpan omedelbart efter kollisionen med den Volgo-Sarmatiska kontinenten från sydost. Denna invecklade paleotektoniska konfiguration orsakade en tektonisk regim där litosfäriska mantelkällor levererade de starkt anrikade magmorna, vilkas uppstigning troligen möjliggjordes av djupgående postkollisionala skjuvzoner. Intrusionerna orsakade uppsmältning av den omgivande skorpan, vilket framkallade den associerade granitoidmagmatismen.

The 1420 Ma Indiavai Mafic Intrusion (SW Amazonian Craton): Paleomagnetic results and implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The configuration and the timing of assembly and break-up of Columbia are still matter of debate. In order to improve our knowledge about the Mesoproterozoic evolution of Columbia, a paleomagnetic study was carried out on the 1420 Ma Indiavai mafic intrusive rocks that crosscut the polycyclic Proterozoic basement of the SW Amazonian Craton, in southwestern Mato Grosso State (Brazil). Alternating field and thermal demagnetization revealed south/southwest ChRM directions with downward inclinations for sixteen analyzed sites. These directions are probably carried by SD/PSD magnetite with high coercivities and high unblocking temperatures as indicated by additional rock magnetic tests, including thermomagnetic data, hysteresis data and the progressive acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization. Different stable magnetization components isolated in host rocks from the basement 10 km NW away to the Indiavai intrusion, further support the primary origin of the ChRM. A mean of the site mean directions was calculated at Dm = 209.8 degrees, Im = 50.7 degrees (alpha(95) = 8.0 degrees, K = 22.1), which yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 249.7 degrees E, 57.0 degrees S (A(95) = 8.6 degrees). The similarity of this pole with the recently published 1420 Ma pole from the Nova Guarita dykes in northern Mato Grosso State suggests a similar tectonic framework for these two sites located 600 km apart, implying the bulk rigidity of the Rondonian-San Ignacio crust at that time. Furthermore these data provide new insights on the tectonic significance of the 1100-1000 Ma Nova Brasilandia belt-a major EW feature that cuts across the basement rocks of this province, which can now be interpreted as intracratonic, in contrast to previous interpretation. From a global perspective, a new Mesoproterozoic paleogeography of Columbia has been proposed based on comparison of these 1420 Ma poles and a 1780 Ma pole from Amazonia with other paleomagnetic poles of similar age from Baltica and Laurentia, a reconstruction in agreement with geological correlations. (C) 2012 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Strength of the Iberian intraplate lithosphere: Cenozoic deformations and seismicity

Previous studies about the strength of the lithosphere in the Iberia centre fail to resolve the depth of earthquakes because of the rheological uncertainties. Therefore, new contributions are considered (the crustal structure from a density model) and several parameters (tectonic regime, mantle rheology, strain rate) are checked in this paper to properly examine the role of lithospheric strength in the intraplate seismicity and the Cenozoic evolution. The strength distribution with depth, the integrated strength, the effective elastic thickness and the seismogenic thickness have been calculated by a finite element modelling of the lithosphere across the Central System mountain range and the bordering Duero and Madrid sedimentary basins. Only a dry mantle under strike-slip/extension and a strain rate of 10-15 s-1, or under extension and 10-16 s-1, causes a strong lithosphere. The integrated strength and the elastic thickness are lower in the mountain chain than in the basins. These anisotropies have been maintained since the Cenozoic and determine the mountain uplift and the biharmonic folding of the Iberian lithosphere during the Alpine deformations. The seismogenic thickness bounds the seismic activity in the upper–middle crust, and the decreasing crustal strength from the Duero Basin towards the Madrid Basin is related to a parallel increase in Plio–Quaternary deformations and seismicity. However, elasto–plastic modelling shows that current African–Eurasian convergence is resolved elastically or ductilely, which accounts for the low seismicity recorded in this region.

Sistema de apoio à gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho na cadeia de abastecimento alimentar – sistema SHIELD

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Trypanosomes of some Fennoscandian birds

Linear measurements and derived indices of trypanosomes from species of Fennoscandian birds were compared to those reported form Trypanosoma avium, T. everetti, T. ontarioensis and T. paddae. The trypanosomes encountered in the Fennoscandian birds were identified as T. avium from Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus and the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, T. everetti from the great tit Parus major and collared flycatcher F. albicollis and T. ontarioensis from the collared flycatcher; T. paddae was not seen.

Malaria on the Guiana Shield: a review of the situation in French Guiana

In a climate of growing concern that Plasmodium falciparum may be developing a drug resistance to artemisinin derivatives in the Guiana Shield, this review details our current knowledge of malaria and control strategy in one part of the Shield, French Guiana. Local epidemiology, test-treat-track strategy, the state of parasite drug resistance and vector control measures are summarised. Current issues in terms of mobile populations and legislative limitations are also discussed.

Shield morphology of curly overhair in 22 genera of Soricidae (Insectivora, Mammalia)

The structure of the shield of curly overhairs was studied in 22 genera of shrews, using scanning electron microscopy. The cross section of the shield is quadriconcave with two sides showing particular scale patterns or a relief which can be grouped into 4 morphological types: 1) a smooth type with, at most, shallow U-shaped notches; 2) a type with uniserial, V-shaped tiled notches; 3) a type with a groove and irregular notches; 4) a type with a deep ridged groove. Myosorex, which occupies a basal phyletic position, shows type 3. This type is therefore interpreted as an ancestral character state. It is found also in Feroculus and in some Sylvisorex. In the Crocidurinae, this type evolved into type 2 (Scutisorex and some Indomalayan Crocidura), and finally into type 1 (Suncus and most Crocidura). In the Soricinae, it evolved into type 4, which is common to all genera except Megasorex and Notiosorex. These two genera possess type 1 which is interpreted as being a synapomorphous character of these genera. The regression of the complex structure under dry climatic conditions supports the hypothesis that the function of the grooved form of hair is water repulsion.