Les stratégies de soutien des infirmières novices travaillant le soir et la nuit en centre hospitalier

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option administration des services infirmiers

Impact of a Nurse Vaccination Program on Hepatitis B Immunity in a Swiss HIV Clinic.

ABSTRACT: We evaluated the impact of a nurse program for hepatitis B virus vaccination in a center from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Immunity (anti-HBs >10 IU/mL) increased from 32% to 76% in the intervention center (n = 238) where vaccine management was endorsed by nurses, but only from 33% to 39% in control centers (n = 2712, P < 0.001) where management remained in charge of physicians. Immunity against HBV in the HIV population is insufficient in Switzerland. Specific nurse vaccination program may efficiently improve health care.

Améliorer la prise en charge de l'hypertension arterielle en favorisant la collaboration avec les pharmaciens et les infirmières [Team-based care involving pharmacists and nurses to improve the management of hypertension].

Only half of hypertensive patients has controlled blood pressure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also associated with low blood pressure control, 25-30% of CKD patients achieving adequate blood pressure. The Community Preventive Services Task Force has recently recommended team-based care to improve blood pressure control. Team-based care of hypertension involves facilitating coordination of care among physician, pharmacist and nurse and requires sharing clinical data, laboratory results, and medications, e.g., electronically or by fax. Based on recent studies, development and evaluation of team-based care of hypertensive patients should be done in the Swiss healthcare system.

Prise en charge des jeunes patients avec endocrinopathies pediatriques chroniques: les défis d'une transition souvent difficile [Caring for patients with pediatric endocrinopathies and diabetes into adulthood: challenges of an often difficult transition].

The success of therapies for a number of pediatric disorders has posed new challenges for the long-term follow-up of adolescents with chronic endocrinopathies. Unfortunately, too many patients are lost during the transfer from pediatric to adult clinics. The transition process should be well-organized and include the young person and family. Recognizing the special needs of these adolescents is an important step in developing patient-centered approaches to care that enable patients to develop autonomy and self care skills. Key elements in this process include structured policies and guidelines, communication and close collaboration between pediatric and adult clinics, and integrating nurse clinicians in the transition process to help close the gaps in care.

Infirmier en psychiatrie de liaison : développement de la supervision en milieu somatique [Liaison psychiatry nurse: The development of supervision in somatic medicine].

BACKGROUND: Over the years, somatic care has become increasingly specialized. Furthermore, a rising number of patients requiring somatic care also present with a psychiatric comorbidity. As a consequence, the time and resources needed to care for these patients can interfere with the course of somatic treatment and influence the patient-caregiver relationship. In the light of these observations, the Liaison Psychiatry Unit at the University Hospital in Lausanne (CHUV) has educated its nursing staff in order to strengthen its action within the general care hospital. What has been developed is a reflexive approach through supervision of somatic staff, in order to improve the efficiency of liaison psychiatry interventions with the caregivers in charge of patients. The kind of supervision we have developed is the result of a real partnership with somatic staff. Besides, in order to better understand the complexity of interactions between the two systems involved, the patient's and the caregivers', we use several theoretical references in an integrative manner. PSYCHOANALYTICAL REFERENCE: The psychoanalytical model allows us to better understand the dynamics between the supervisor and the supervised group in order to contain and give meaning to the affects arising in the supervision space. "Containing function" and "transitional phenomena" refer to the experience in which emotions can find a space where they can be taken in and processed in a secure and supportive manner. These concepts, along with that of the "psychic envelope", were initially developed to explain the psychological development of the baby in its early interactions with its mother or its surrogate. In the field of supervision, they allow us to be aware of these complex phenomena and the diverse qualities to which a supervisor needs to resort, such as attention, support and incentive, in order to offer a secure environment. SYSTEMIC REFERENCE: A new perspective of the patient's complexity is revealed by the group's dynamics. The supervisor's attention is mainly focused on the work of affects. However, these are often buried under a defensive shell, serving as a temporary protection, which prevents the caregiver from recognizing his or her own emotions, thereby enhancing the difficulties in the relationship with the patient. Whenever the work of putting emotions into words fail, we use "sculpting", a technique derived from the systemic model. Through the use of this type of analogical language, affects can emerge without constraint or feelings of danger. Through "playing" in that "transitional space", new exchanges appear between group members and allow new behaviors to be conceived. In practice, we ask the supervisee who is presenting a complex situation, to design a spatial representation of his or her understanding of the situation, through the display of characters significant to the situation: the patient, somatic staff members, relatives of the patient, etc. In silence, the supervisee shapes the characters into postures and arranges them in the room. Each sculpted character is identified, named, and positioned, with his or her gaze being set in a specific direction. Finally the sculptor shapes him or herself in his or her own role. When the sculpture is complete and after a few moments of fixation, we ask participants to express themselves about their experience. By means of this physical representation, participants to the sculpture discover perceptions and feelings that were unknown up to then. Hence from this analogical representation a reflection and hypotheses of understanding can arise and be developed within the group. CONCLUSION: Through the use of the concepts of "containing function" and "transitional space" we position ourselves in the scope of the encounter and the dialog. Through the use of the systemic technique of "sculpting" we promote the process of understanding, rather than that of explaining, which would place us in the position of experts. The experience of these encounters has shown us that what we need to focus on is indeed what happens in this transitional space in terms of dynamics and process. The encounter and the sharing of competencies both allow a new understanding of the situation at hand, which has, of course, to be verified in the reality of the patient-caregiver relationship. It is often a source of adjustment for interpersonal skills to recover its containing function in order to enable caregiver to better respond to the patient's needs.

Complexité médicale et pratiques soignantes à l'ère de la biotechnologie : la prise en charge des maladies chroniques complexes en milieu hospitalier pédiatrique

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Évaluation d’un programme de triage des références en rhumatologie pour la prise en charge rapide de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde

Contexte : Pour les patients atteints d’une polyarthrite rhumatoïde débutante (PARD), l’utilisation de médicaments antirhumatismaux à longue durée d’action améliore les résultats pour les patients de manière significative. Les patients traités par un rhumatologue ont une plus grande probabilité de recevoir des traitements et donc d’avoir de meilleurs résultats de santé. Toutefois, les délais observés entre le début des symptômes et une première visite avec un rhumatologue sont souvent supérieurs à la recommandation de trois mois énoncée par les guides de pratiques. Au Québec, le temps d’attente pour voir un rhumatologue à la suite d’une demande de consultation est généralement long et contribue aux délais totaux. Objectifs : Nous avons évalué la capacité d’un programme d’accès rapide avec un triage effectué par une infirmière à correctement identifier les patients avec PARD et à réduire leur temps d’attente, dans le but d’améliorer le processus de soin. Méthodes : Une infirmière a évalué tous les nouveaux patients référés en 2009 et 2010 dans une clinique de rhumatologie située en banlieue de Montréal. Un niveau de priorité leur a été attribué sur la base du contenu de la demande de consultation, de l’information obtenue à la suite d’une entrevue téléphonique avec le patient et, si requis, d’un examen partiel des articulations. Les patients avec PARD, avec une arthrite inflammatoire non différentiée, ou atteints d’une autre pathologie rhumatologique aiguë étaient priorisés et obtenaient un rendez-vous le plus rapidement possible. Les principales mesures de résultat étudiées étaient la validité (sensibilité et spécificité) du triage pour les patients atteints de PARD ainsi que les délais entre la demande de consultation et la première visite avec un rhumatologue. Résultats : Parmi les 701 patients nouvellement référés, 65 ont eu un diagnostic final de PARD. Le triage a correctement identifié 85,9% de ces patients et a correctement identifié 87,2% des patients avec l’une des pathologies prioritaires. Le délai médian entre la demande de consultation et la première visite était de 22 jours pour les patients atteints de PARD et de 115 pour tous les autres. Discussion et conclusion : Ce programme d’accès rapide avec triage effectué par une infirmière a correctement identifié la plupart des patients atteints de PARD, lesquels ont pu être vus rapidement en consultation par le rhumatologue. Considérant qu’il s’agit d’un programme qui requiert beaucoup d’investissement de temps et de personnel, des enjeux de faisabilités doivent être résolus avant de pouvoir implanter un tel type de programme dans un système de soins de santé ayant des ressources très limitées.

Concordance entre les interventions de l’infirmière et de médecins spécialistes dans la prise en charge des fractures de fragilisation

Introduction. L’ostéoporose est une maladie chronique habituellement asymptomatique jusqu’à ce qu’il y ait fracture de fragilisation (FF). Ces fractures engendrent des coûts importants dont une partie pourrait être évitée par la prise en charge de ces patients pour l’ostéoporose. L’implantation d’un programme de prévention des fractures subséquentes géré par des infirmières en orthopédie pourrait permettre de parer à ces problèmes. Objectifs. L’objectif principal de ce projet était de déterminer si une infirmière peut gérer de façon efficace et sécuritaire un service de liaison pour fracture. Méthode. Les décisions cliniques d’infirmières entre 2010 et 2012 pour 525 patients d’un service de liaison pour fracture à l’étude ont été évaluées par deux médecins spécialistes indépendants avec expertise dans les soins pour l’ostéoporose. Résultats. Les infirmières ont pu identifier la totalité des sujets à risque et référer 26.7% de ceux-ci à un spécialiste. L’accord entre chacun des évaluateurs et les infirmières était de >97%. Les évaluateurs ont donné les mêmes réponses à >96% pour chaque type de décision et le niveau d’accord inter-juge était presque parfait (AC1 >0.960). Aucune référence n’a été jugée inutile. Les comorbidités majeures ont toutes été prises en charge. Conclusion. L’accord élevé entre les décisions cliniques des infirmières et des médecins évaluateurs démontre que la prise en charge par une infirmière est sécuritaire et recommandable pour les patients avec FF. Ce type d’intervention pourrait contribuer à résoudre les problèmes d’accessibilité aux soins chez les patients avec fragilité osseuse, ainsi qu’à diminuer le fardeau économique que représente le traitement des FF pour la société.

Intervention permettant une meilleure prise en charge des autosoins par la clientèle adulte de chirurgie intestinale

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maitre és sciences (M.Sc) en sciences infirmières option expertise-conseil en soins infirmiers

Impact of a nurse vaccination program on hepatitis B immunity in a Swiss HIV clinic

We evaluated the impact of a nurse program for hepatitis B virus vaccination in a center from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Immunity (anti-HBs >10 IU/mL) increased from 32% to 76% in the intervention center (n = 238) where vaccine management was endorsed by nurses, but only from 33% to 39% in control centers (n = 2712, P < 0.001) where management remained in charge of physicians. Immunity against HBV in the HIV population is insufficient in Switzerland. Specific nurse vaccination program may efficiently improve health care.

Beam-energy Dependence Of Charge Separation Along The Magnetic Field In Au+au Collisions At Rhic.

Local parity-odd domains are theorized to form inside a quark-gluon plasma which has been produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The local parity-odd domains manifest themselves as charge separation along the magnetic field axis via the chiral magnetic effect. The experimental observation of charge separation has previously been reported for heavy-ion collisions at the top RHIC energies. In this Letter, we present the results of the beam-energy dependence of the charge correlations in Au+Au collisions at midrapidity for center-of-mass energies of 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV from the STAR experiment. After background subtraction, the signal gradually reduces with decreased beam energy and tends to vanish by 7.7 GeV. This implies the dominance of hadronic interactions over partonic ones at lower collision energies.

Beam Energy Dependence Of Moments Of The Net-charge Multiplicity Distributions In Au+au Collisions At Rhic.

We report the first measurements of the moments--mean (M), variance (σ(2)), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ)--of the net-charge multiplicity distributions at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at seven energies, ranging from sqrt[sNN]=7.7 to 200 GeV, as a part of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. The moments are related to the thermodynamic susceptibilities of net charge, and are sensitive to the location of the QCD critical point. We compare the products of the moments, σ(2)/M, Sσ, and κσ(2), with the expectations from Poisson and negative binomial distributions (NBDs). The Sσ values deviate from the Poisson baseline and are close to the NBD baseline, while the κσ(2) values tend to lie between the two. Within the present uncertainties, our data do not show nonmonotonic behavior as a function of collision energy. These measurements provide a valuable tool to extract the freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collisions by comparing with theoretical models.

Atomic Charge Transfer-counter Polarization Effects Determine Infrared Ch Intensities Of Hydrocarbons: A Quantum Theory Of Atoms In Molecules Model.

Atomic charge transfer-counter polarization effects determine most of the infrared fundamental CH intensities of simple hydrocarbons, methane, ethylene, ethane, propyne, cyclopropane and allene. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules/charge-charge flux-dipole flux model predicted the values of 30 CH intensities ranging from 0 to 123 km mol(-1) with a root mean square (rms) error of only 4.2 km mol(-1) without including a specific equilibrium atomic charge term. Sums of the contributions from terms involving charge flux and/or dipole flux averaged 20.3 km mol(-1), about ten times larger than the average charge contribution of 2.0 km mol(-1). The only notable exceptions are the CH stretching and bending intensities of acetylene and two of the propyne vibrations for hydrogens bound to sp hybridized carbon atoms. Calculations were carried out at four quantum levels, MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p), MP2/cc-pVTZ, QCISD/6-311++G(3d,3p) and QCISD/cc-pVTZ. The results calculated at the QCISD level are the most accurate among the four with root mean square errors of 4.7 and 5.0 km mol(-1) for the 6-311++G(3d,3p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets. These values are close to the estimated aggregate experimental error of the hydrocarbon intensities, 4.0 km mol(-1). The atomic charge transfer-counter polarization effect is much larger than the charge effect for the results of all four quantum levels. Charge transfer-counter polarization effects are expected to also be important in vibrations of more polar molecules for which equilibrium charge contributions can be large.