Australia : LIS education

The topic of library and information science (LIS) education has been under the spotlight in the professional literature in Australia and New Zealand for a number of years. Critical issues of discussion encompass the apparent lack of a core curriculum for the discipline, the perceived gulf between LIS education and LIS practice, and the pressing need for career-long learning and development. One of the central points of debate that emerges repeatedly is the long-standing question about the positioning of the profession: Is LIS a graduate profession of highly skilled individuals valued for their expertise and professionalism or is it a profession of anyone who works in a library, regardless of their qualifications (LIANZA, 2005)? While Australia and New Zealand do not stand alone in this debate – similar issues are echoed in many other countries – there are inevitably some local characteristics which warrant exploration. The discussion presented here highlights the historical background to professional training, the specific professional policies and standards that guide LIS education and some of the challenges facing professional and paraprofessional education, given the changing environment of education in Australia as a whole, with some comparisons made with the New Zealand situation. While all too often library practitioners point the finger at the library educators to ‘right the wrongs’, the authors wish to reinforce the idea that the future of effective and relevant LIS education is a matter for all stakeholders in the profession: practitioners and educators, students and staff, employers and employees, with cohesion potentially offered by the professional body.

Writing Otherwise than Seeing : Writing and Exteriority in Maurice Blanchot

Maurice Blanchot (1907-2003), the French writer and novelist, is one of the most important figures in post-war French literature and philosophy. The main intention of this study is to figure out his position and originality in the field of phenomenology. Since this thesis concentrates on the notion of vision in Blanchot s work, its primary context is the post-war discussion of the relation between seeing and thinking in France, and particularly the discussion of the conditions of non-violent vision and language. The focus will be on the philosophical conversation between Blanchot and his contemporary philosophers. The central premise is the following: Blanchot relates the criticism of vision to the criticism of the representative model of language. In this thesis, Blanchot s definition of literary language as the refusal to reveal anything is read as a reference pointing in two directions. First, to Hegel s idea of naming as negativity which reveals Being incrementally to man, and second, to Heidegger s idea of poetry as the simultaneity of revealing and withdrawal; the aim is to prove that eventually Blanchot opposes both Hegel s idea of naming as a gradual revelation of the totality of being and Heidegger s conception of poetry as a way of revealing the truth of Being. My other central hypothesis is that for Blanchot, the criticism of the privilege of vision is always related to the problematic of the exteriority. The principal intention is to trace how Blanchot s idea of language as infinity and exteriority challenges both the Hegelian idea of naming as conceptualizing things and Heidegger s concept of language as a way to truth (as aletheia). The intention is to show how Blanchot, with his concepts of fascination, resemblance and image, both affirms and challenges the central points of Heidegger s thinking on language. Blanchot s originality in, and contribution to, the discussion about the violence of vision and language is found in his answer to the question of how to approach the other by avoiding the worst violence . I claim that by criticizing the idea of language as naming both in Hegel and Heidegger, Blanchot generates an account of language which, since it neither negates nor creates Being, is beyond the metaphysical opposition between Being and non-Being.

Objetividad y racionalidad en la interpretación jurídica : consideraciones a partir de las ideas de Owen Fiss

Resumen: El presente artículo estudia uno de los temas centrales del debate iusfilosófico contemporáneo, a saber, el lugar que ocupa la razón en la interpretación jurídica. En este sentido, enfoca el tema de la objetividad y la racionalidad en la interpretación jurídica a partir del pensamiento del profesor de Yale, Owen Fiss, con una presentación de sus ideas en torno a la adjudicación y a las notas de la interpretación. Se consideran luego cuatro grandes cuestiones que constituyen el núcleo de la propuesta de Fiss: la racionalidad de la interpretación, su carácter objetivo, sus criterios de corrección y el papel de las valoraciones morales en la interpretación. Se finaliza con balance conclusivo de los aspectos fuertes y débiles de las ideas de Fiss.

Acesso à justiça, retroalimentação e flexibilização procedimental nos juizados especiais estaduais

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal explorar e apresentar, do ponto de vista doutrinário, legal e estatístico, três pontos centrais que carecem da atenção dos operadores do direito. O primeiro, relativo ao acesso à justiça e suas peculiaridades em apertada síntese, especialmente com olhos voltados para a retroalimentação processual, típica das sociedades de massa. Neste tópico, avaliamos dados estatísticos colhidos e fornecidos pela Comissão Especial de Juizados Especiais do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O segundo, relativo à efetividade e instrumentalidade do processo como garantias fundamentais do processo voltadas à preservação da prestação jurisdicional comprometida com a duração razoável do processo e na preservação do Estado Democrático de Direito. Por fim, o terceiro busca a análise da questão relativa aos aspectos doutrinários da flexibilização procedimental como mecanismo para a preservação da celeridade. Analisando o enfoque do Direito Inglês e Português, bem como aspectos ligados ao gerenciamento do processo e adequação, proponho a flexibilização em sede dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis como medida de concreta preservação da informalidade.

Site Distribution at the Edge of the Palaeolithic World: A Nutritional Niche Approach

This paper presents data from the English Channel area of Britain and Northern France on the spatial distribution of Lower to early Middle Palaeolithic pre-MIS5 interglacial sites which are used to test the contention that the pattern of the richest sites is a real archaeological distribution and not of taphonomic origin. These sites show a marked concentration in the middle-lower reaches of river valleys with most being upstream of, but close to, estimated interglacial tidal limits. A plant and animal database derived from Middle-Late Pleistocene sites in the region is used to estimate the potentially edible foods and their distribution in the typically undulating landscape of the region. This is then converted into the potential availability of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats) and selected micronutrients. The floodplain is shown to be the optimum location in the nutritional landscape (nutriscape). In addition to both absolute and seasonal macronutrient advantages the floodplains could have provided foods rich in key micronutrients, which are linked to better health, the maintenance of fertility and minimization of infant mortality. Such places may have been seen as ‘good (or healthy) places’ explaining the high number of artefacts accumulated by repeated visitation over long periods of time and possible occupation. The distribution of these sites reflects the richest aquatic and wetland successional habitats along valley floors. Such locations would have provided foods rich in a wide range of nutrients, importantly including those in short supply at these latitudes. When combined with other benefits, the high nutrient diversity made these locations the optimal niche in northwest European mixed temperate woodland environments. It is argued here that the use of these nutritionally advantageous locations as nodal or central points facilitated a healthy variant of the Palaeolithic diet which permitted habitation at the edge of these hominins’ range.

Walls of Indifference: Arizona and the Ecology of Militarization

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2013

Commodities and their fetishism

Many pr oblems present themselves in at tempting t o discuss Marx's noti on of the fetish characteristics of commodities. It has been argued that it is one of the central points of Marx's en tir e c or pus. 1 It has also been argued that it i s merely "a brilli an t s oci olog i cal genera lization l ! and, even furth er, that it is an Hi ndependent and separate entity, internally hardly related t o Marx's economic theory" .2 How could such a theory be understo od i n such drastically diff erent ways? Perhaps the clue is to be f ound somewhere in Marx' s discussion of the fetishism of commodities itself. Because of the difficulty in un derstanding fetishism , I intend t o examine what Marx himself has t o say first befor e dealing with any points related to the notion of fetishism. Thus , the first parts of this thesis will c onsist of l ong qu otations and repetition of what Marx has t o say. If a noti on may be called ' central' and yet 'hardly related' t o Marx's wor k at the same time, surely a clear examination of this section is necess ary. Aft er an examination of the initial secti ons of Cae ital ] I intend t G examine the f ollowing : the r e lation of fetishism t o the t he ory of alienati on; how one may regard f etishism as a pr oblem f or philosophy; and how, in f act, the theory of fetishism is of prime imp ortance f or an understan ding of Marx's wr itings. What I want to stress throughout is that with o u~ an understanding of what is inherent in the pr oduction of the commodity causing i t t o be necessarily fetishistic, it is practically imp ossible t o understand much of Marx's other writin gs. A commodity appears, at fir st sight, a very trivial thing and easi ly un derst ood. Itsanalysis shows that it i s , in r eality , a very queer thing , abo unding in ~taphysical s ubtleties and theological nic eties .

Le modèle antarctique

Il existe actuellement des différends frontaliers entre les États circumpolaires-Nord qui entravent la bonne gouvernance de la région. Afin d'identifier des pistes de solution pour améliorer la gouvernance en Arctique et faciliter la coopération, nous analysons le processus qui a mené, à l'autre pôle, à la création du Traité sur l’Antarctique de 1959. Nous utilisons une approche néolibérale institutionnelle comme cadre théorique ainsi qu’une méthodologie basée sur le traçage de processus. Nous avons identifié quatre variables (les intérêts des États, le contexte politique, le leadership, et l’Année géophysique internationale [AGI]) que nous avons étudiés au cours de trois périodes historiques et dont l’évolution a contribué à la formation du régime antarctique. Les étapes menant à l'élaboration d'un régime identifié dans la théorie institutionnaliste dynamique de Frischmann s'appliquent aux différentes périodes que nous avons déterminées. La première période historique correspond à l'identification du problème d'interdépendance. Les États ont d’abord tenté d’assouvir leurs intérêts particuliers envers le continent antarctique par l’intermédiaire de stratégies individuelles. Le statut imprécis du continent antarctique caractérisé par des revendications territoriales conflictuelles, la volonté des superpuissances d’effectuer d’éventuelles revendications territoriales et le leadership exercé par les États-Unis ont toutefois permis de faire évoluer les États vers des stratégies coopératives. La deuxième période historique correspond à l'étape de la négociation de l’entente. Le leadership d’un groupe de scientifiques et des États-Unis ainsi que le contexte politique de la Guerre froide ont favorisé la cohésion des États intéressés par les affaires antarctiques et leur investissement dans une coopération multilatérale souple dans le cadre d’un événement ponctuel, l’AGI. La troisième période correspond à la mise en oeuvre de l’entente, soit l’AGI. Lors de cet événement, une entente tacite, un engagement d’honneur, qui suspendait les considérations territoriales en Antarctique, a été respectée par les parties. La coopération dans le cadre de l’AGI s’est avérée un succès. Les États se sont montrés satisfaits des gains que comportait la coopération scientifique dans un environnement pacifique. L’AGI a permis aux États d’expérimenter la coopération multilatérale et d’observer le comportement des autres participants au sein de l’institution. En raison de la satisfaction des États vis-à-vis la coopération dans le cadre de l'entente souple, l'élaboration du traité de 1959 a été facilitée. Notre étude nous a permis d’identifier des éléments clefs qui ont favorisé la formation du régime antarctique et qui pourraient servir d’inspiration pour l'élaboration de futurs régimes. La présence d’un leadership tout au long du processus a permis de promouvoir les avantages de la coopération sous différentes formes et de renforcer les relations entre les États présents dans les affaires antarctiques. La réalisation d'une entente souple dans le cadre de l'AGI, centrée autour des intérêts communs aux parties, comprenant un engagement d’honneur, permettant de mettre de côté les points de discorde, ont aussi été des points centraux dans la réussite et la poursuite de la coopération au-delà de l’AGI. Cette approche graduelle allant du droit souple vers le droit contraignant est sans aucun doute l’élément le plus important ayant facilité le rapprochement des différentes parties et éventuellement la création du Traité sur l’Antarctique.

Development and Evaluation of a Novel pH Indicator Biodegradable Film Based on Cassava Starch

A pH indicator film based on cassava starch plasticized with sucrose and inverted sugar and incorporated with grape and spinach extracts as pH indicator sources (anthocyanin and chlorophyll) has been developed, and its packaging properties have been assessed. A second-order central composite design (2(2)) with three central points and four star points was used to evaluate the mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile strength at break, and elongation at break percentage), moisture barrier, and microstructure of the films, and its potential as a pH indicator packaging. The films were prepared by the casting technique and conditioned under controlled conditions (75% relative humidity and 23 degrees C), at least 4 days before the analyses. The materials were exposed to different pH solutions (0, 2, 7, 10, and 14) and their color parameters (L*, a*, b*, and haze) were measured by transmittance. Grape and spinach extracts have affected the material characterization. Film properties (mechanical properties and moisture barrier) were strongly influenced by extract concentration presenting lower results than for the control. Films containing a higher concentration of grape extract presented a greater color change at different pH`s suggesting that anthocyanins are more effective as pH indicators than chlorophyll or the mixture of both extracts. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 1069-1079,2011

Caminhos da expansão da consciência : um estudo introdutório para a vivência de uma educação que integre corpo-mente-espírito

Este trabalho considera que o mundo está vivendo uma mudança de paradigma. Neste sentido, procura caminhos de expansão da consciência para esta mudança através da problemática ecológica, da historicidade da ciência e de seus fundamentos na física mecanicista. planetária que a ecologia sugere, a diferentes culturas e tradições de Percebe que a crise física atual e as sabedoria podem contribuir para a construção de uma nova forma de viver. Para tanto, desenvolve o conceito de "expansão da consciência", porque acredita que esta abordagem, resultante da práxis transdisciplinar da autora, pode levar a uma maior percepção da Totalidade da vida e também da sua rica Diversidade, pontos centrais para o novo paradigma. Desta maneira, este trabalho é parte de um movimento de mudança dos conceitos e atitudes presentes no paradigma moderno, a fim de que a Educação comece a vivenciar outras formas de conhecimento do real, diferentes dos rígidos limites científicos.

Comparison of environmental indicators of two aviaries for laying Hens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural change and productivity growth, 20 years later: old problems, new opportunities

Includes bibliography

Optimization of a synbiotic formulation of soy yoghurt containing yacon extract by response surface methodology

A synbiotic yoghurt based on a combination of soymilk and yacon water extract (from yacon root tubers) was developed as a novel food product fermented with a probiotic culture of Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 4l6. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent variables soymilk protein concentration and percentage of yacon extract in the formulation through a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), consisting of a 22 factorial design with two levels (-1, +1), two central points (0) and four axial points (± a, 0) (0, ± α). The responses were assessed by consumer acceptance tests. The optimization indicated that a formulation with a soymilk protein concentration of 1.74g/L and 25.86% of yacon extract gave the best average values, 5.91 for the taste and 6.00 for the overall impression responses. The formulation with 40% of yacon extract and the same concentration of soymilk protein achieved similar acceptance values: taste (5.94) and overall impression (5.87), however, with the extra yacon, it probably had a greater content of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides. Consequently, both formulations may give useful functional foods, with sensory properties comparable with those of soy yoghurt (control formulation). Copyright © 2010 by New Century Health Publishers.

Structural change and productivity growth 20 years later: old problems, new opportunities. Summary

Includes bibliography

Desidratação osmótica da manga cv. Palmer em solução de sacarose com e sem adição de ácido ascórbico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)