The significant behavioral aspects of adopted children within successful adoption in Romania

The human behavior is giving the entire picture of a person. The behavior is based on a complex combination of personal innate factors, experience and education and the social network within which the individual is integrated. Each moment the complex individual factors face external and internal environmental aspects which in turn, generate proactive and retroactive reactions. The adoption process is an important and challenging social experiment, bringing to the adopted child a new affiliation, social network, experiences and educational standards. This comes in his/her life after the trauma of losing his biological affiliation and social and emotional support. Which are the significant characteristics of the adopted child's behavior? Which are the behavioral characteristics of the adoptive child that guarantee the success of the domestic adoptions in Romania? These are the questions we are going to answer here based on the research done within FISAN(6) project. The 32 children, 11-16 years old, adopted by Romanian families, during the early ages (0-4 years), were evaluated with complex evaluation tools for children and parents. The adoptive families participating in the research live in the Western counties of Romania.Successful adoption is defined as secure attachment of the adopted child. The conclusions emphasize the importance of: the pro-social behavior, the loving behavior showed to the parents, the assertive behavior, the differentiations between parents and people outside the family, and between the two parents, and the humor. These behaviors displayed by the adopted children are the ingredients of a successful integration within the adoptive family.

Stress, coping and personal strengths and difficulties in internationally adopted children in spain

This study analyses the types of coping strategies used by internationally adopted children, and explores the relation between these strategies and personal strengths and difficulties. The Kidcope checklist (Spirito, Stark, & Williams, 1998) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997) were administered to a sample of 35 Spanish adoptees (25.7% boys and 74.3% girls, aged 8-12 years) and their parents. Self-reported problems were categorised and their relation with coping strategies and psychological adjustment was explored. Results indicated that adopted children report problems of interpersonal nature. The content of the problems mainly refers to relationships and health, illness, or accidents. Parents reported that children were generally well-adjusted and they had no problems outside the normal range. International adoptees used mainly control-oriented coping strategies. Escape-oriented coping was linked to parents' ratings of total difficulties, with self-criticism accounting for the highest percentage of the variance.

Fostering Illinois : linking families together for children's futures.

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*Adoption status: A risk factor or protective factor for children of divorced families

This study examined two competitive hypotheses: the double jeopardy hypothesis and the buffering effect hypothesis on whether parental divorce affects adopted children and non-adopted children similarly or differently. The double jeopardy hypothesis suggests that when adopted children experience their parents' divorce, they perform worse because they carry two risk factors, adoption status and parental divorce, while their non-adopted counterparts carry only the risk factor of their parents' divorce. The buffering effect hypothesis suggests that, being adopted children, their previous experiences of parental loss help them better deal with the later loss of their parents' divorce so their adoption status is a protective factor rather than a risk factor. ^ Secondary analyses of a nation-wide data set were executed using different statistical methods such as ANOVA and Chi-square on different outcome variables. The results indicated that there was no evidence supporting the double-jeopardy hypothesis. That is, adopted children from divorced families did not perform significantly worse than the non-adopted children from divorced families on any outcome variable. The results also indicated that there was only weak evidence supporting the buffering effect hypothesis. The general conclusion based on the results from most of the outcome variables suggest that adopted children from divorced families do not perform differently than the biological children from divorced families. ^

Post-adopció i resiliència: l'ajust psicosocial i vivència de l'adopció en infants adoptats internacionalment

Antecedents. Cada cop són més els nens i nenes adoptats internacionalment que creixen en la nostra societat, i el seu ajust psicosocial s’ha convertit en un assumpte d’especial interès i rellevància. Objectius. Estudiar l'ajust psicosocial i la vivència de l'adopció en els infants adoptats internacionalment. Els objectius específics són: 1) estudiar els nivells d’adaptació personal i social en nens i nenes adoptats/des internacionalment, en comparació amb els estàndards de la població normativa; 2) estudiar la vivència de l’adopció en nens i nenes adoptats internacionalment i la percepció que mares i pares en tenen al respecte; 3) analitzar el paper de las variables estrés i estratègies d’afrontament en l’ajust psicosocial dels infants adoptats. Material i Mètode. La mostra està formada per 103 infants adoptats a l’estranger, d’entre 8 i 12 anys, i els seus respectius pares i mares. Els participants completaren les següents proves: BASC (Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992), Qüestionari de punts forts i febles (SDQ; Goodman, 1997, 1999), Escala de la vivència adoptiva (Reinoso, 2008), Kidcope (Spirito, Stara y Williams, 1988). En realitzen anàlisis estadístics de tipus descriptiu, comparatiu, correlacional i exploratori. Resultats. La majoria dels menors adoptats internacionalment presenta bons nivells de funcionament, si bé un 25% d’ells presenta dificultats adaptatives bàsiques. En general s’observa un elevat nivell de convergència en la visió de l’experiència adoptiva entre nens/es i mares i pares. Els infants puntuen més alt en identitat cultural i més baix en discriminació percebuda que els seus pares/mares. Principalment esmenten problemes interpersonals de relació i de salut, malalties i accidents i utilitzen predominantment estratègies d’afrontament aproximatives. Els estressors vinculats amb l’experiència adoptiva són escassament mencionats. Conclusions. L’especificitat de la condició adoptiva requereix d’intervencions ajustades a la realitat d’aquests les necessitats d’aquests nens i les seves families.

International adoption: Symptoms of attachment disorders and their associations with the child’s background and developmental outcome

Many internationally adopted children have lived their first years of life in an environment with limited opportunities for primary caregiving. The lack of consistent care increases the prevalence of attachment disorders among them. Less is known about the influences of attachment disorders on a child’s later course of life. This study is part of the Finnish Adoption Study. Parents of all Finnish children who had been internationally adopted by legal adoption organisations between 1985 and 2007 were sent questionnaires (N=1450). Parental evaluations of the children’s symptoms of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) at the time of adoption, their later learning or language problems using a screening scale, and children’s self-reported school bullying experiences were evaluated. Each child’s attachment-related behavioural problems were requested in a follow-up survey 1.9 and 3.8 years after adoption and compared with a Finnish reference group. This study indicated that Finnish internationally adopted children have at least three-fold prevalence of learning and language problems compared with their age-mates. A child’s symptoms of attachment disorders were associated with learning or language problems at school age as well as with his/her school bullying experiences. The adopted children had more attachment-related behavioural problems two years after adoption than their age-mates, but the difference was no longer evident four years after adoption. In conclusion, this study showed that the symptoms of attachment disorder indicate a risk for an adopted child’s later developmental outcome. The findings demonstrate the need for comprehensive clinical examinations and planning of treatment strategies for children with symptoms of RAD.

Parenté fluide : la quête des origines au Brésil et au Québec : dialogue entre parenté, droit et science

Cette thèse porte sur la question des origines biogénétiques au Brésil et au Québec. Elle vise à mettre en lumière les raisons, conséquences et contraintes de la recherche des origines entreprise par les personnes conçues grâce à un don de gamètes ou adoptées. La question des origines est ici analysée à partir de trois points de vue: la parenté, le droit et la science. Le cadre proposé combine les trois approches suivantes : 1) le recours à la parenté permet dřanalyser, de par son caractère hybride, social et biologique, les tensions entre nature et culture; 2) le droit balise les comportements permis et transforme les notions associées à ce qui est correct et juste en des principes d'action; 3) la science construit, sous lřangle de la vérité, la manière dont les liens entre génétique, transmission et hérédité sous-tendent les comportements sociaux. Les représentations de lřorigine mises de lřavant dans ces trois domaines influencent la décision personnelle dřentreprendre ou non la quête de ses origines et celle, éventuelle, d'introduire un « étranger » dans la famille. Ces différents angles permettront de saisir le rôle de chacun des personnages impliqués et de décrire les conditions associées à la quête identitaire et à la filiation. La construction de la thèse sřappuie sur l'histoire des pratiques d'adoption et de procréation médicalement assistée (PMA), au Brésil et au Québec et sur les études qui sřy rapportent. La comparaison entre ces deux pays ne se limite pas à identifier leurs seules différences en termes socio- économiques ; elle prend aussi en compte leur spécificité culturelle et juridique à travers le concept dř « épistémologies civiques ». La parenté, le droit et la science fournissent le contexte permettant de comprendre les raisons mises en jeu dans la recherche des origines. De fait, la valorisation des liens de parenté sociale dialogue, entre autres, avec la curiosité pour les données génétiques. De plus, la loi sřinscrit comme une médiation entre parenté et science. Lřétude des ressemblances et différences dans la pratique de l'adoption et de la PMA au Brésil et au Québec permet de suivre les étapes de la quête des adoptés et issus d'un don de gamètes, de la découverte des conditions de leur filiation jusqu'aux « retrouvailles ». La thèse aborde également le débat entre les versants personnel et collectif de lřidentité à travers l'analyse des pratiques et des discours des associations de personnes adoptées, des couples infertiles et des familles homoparentales, autour de la thématique des origines. Le but de cette thèse est de souligner l'importance de mettre en perspective ces échanges entre la parenté, le droit et la science pour comprendre les réalités complexes que nous vivons aujourd'hui. iii L'origine et sa quête sont les véhicules utilisés ici pour mettre en évidence des formes familiales plurielles qui permettent d'analyser la manière dont nous négocions de nouvelles formes de filiation et de construction des familles.

Étude qualitative sur l'intégration en milieu de garde d'enfants adoptés de l'international : points de vue des parents et des éducatrices

La recherche sur les enfants de l’adoption internationale porte le plus souvent sur le rattrapage développemental, les troubles de l’attachement et la surreprésentation des enfants adoptés dans les services d’éducation spécialisée. Ces études incluent des enfants d’âge scolaire et adoptent une perspective quantitative. Peu d’auteurs se sont penchés sur les enfants d’âge préscolaire et il n’existe à notre connaissance aucune étude qualitative permettant d’explorer l’intégration de l’enfant de l’adoption internationale dans son milieu de garde. S’inscrivant dans une logique exploratoire descriptive, la présente thèse vise à donner la parole aux parents et aux éducatrices, premiers responsables de l’intégration de l’enfant au milieu de garde, afin d’obtenir des données sur leurs perceptions et leurs recommandations. Des entrevues individuelles semi-structurées sont réalisées avec 12 familles adoptantes et les 12 éducatrices des enfants. Les parents sont recrutés par l’intermédiaire des associations québécoises de parents adoptants, du journal Montréal pour enfants, d’un blogue sur l’adoption internationale et auprès de la direction d’une garderie. Une démarche d’analyse qualitative inductive, inspirée de la théorisation ancrée est employée pour analyser l’opinion des parents et de l’éducatrice d’un même enfant dans un premier temps puis dans un deuxième temps, selon leurs groupes d’appartenance respectifs. L’analyse des données relatives à l’expérience subjective d’intégrer un enfant en garderie permet de faire ressortir douze thèmes : contexte antérieur à l’arrivée de l’enfant, appréhensions des parents, premiers contacts, demandes spéciales, moments de vie en garderie, développement et spécificité de l’enfant adopté, comportements particuliers, intervention auprès de l’enfant en crise, nouvelles perspectives pour l’éducatrice et éléments de satisfaction et d’insatisfaction des parents. Une importante proportion d’éducatrices considère que l’enfant adopté de l’international ne présente aucun besoin particulier et que son intégration se vit de la même façon que pour tout autre enfant. Cette opinion n’est pas partagée par un groupe restreint d’éducatrices qui, comme les parents adoptifs, ont une expérience personnelle de l’adoption. La thèse se termine par une discussion sur les façons de contribuer à des meilleures pratiques en milieu de garde afin de favoriser l’intégration des enfants de l’adoption internationale.

Os segredos da adoção e o imperativo da matriz bioparental

Este trabalho pretende problematizar a vinculação entre os segredos da adoção e o que aqui proponho como matriz bioparental que, segundo nossa experiência no Projeto Laços de Amor: Adoção, Gênero, Cidadania e Direitos desenvolvido junto ao Departamento de Psicologia Clínica da UNESP, Assis, SP, reforçam o sofrimento, o estigma e a segregação que recaem sobre as pessoas adotadas ou que supostamente o serão. Nesse sentido, destacamos a cultura da adoção, reificadora de estigmas e crenças, como uma referência importante na construção da relação intersubjetiva existente entre pais/mães biológicos, adotivos e crianças adotadas na medida em que, a partir de um referente apoiado na matriz heteronormativa - que pressupõe uma organização continua entre sexo/gênero/desejo -, passa, por isso, a estabelecer a binária distinção entre filhos/as legítimos/as e ilegítimos/as conforme sua origem advinda ou não de laços de sangue.

Desvelando a família homoparental: um estudo sobre os relatos de casais homossexuais com filhos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Os efeitos da matriz bioparental nos processos de adoção de crianças e adolescentes

This paper is the result of a homonymous scientific research, funded by CNPq-PIBIC where we understand the adoption process as a process of dissidence in relation to the bio-parental matrix. Founded on a heteronormative naturalization of human sexuality - which presupposes a continuum and naturalized organization among sex / gender / desire – this bioparental matrix sets the binary relation of distinction between the legitimate/illegitimate child as their origin or not arising from “blood ties”. Considering our experience in the Project developed at the Department of Clinical Psychology at UNESP, Assis, SP called “Ties of love: Adoption, Gender, Citizenship and Rights”, we prepared a content analysis - as proposed by Bardin (1977) -, of transcripts of psychological sessions that were made from 2005 to 2012 in the "Center for Research and Applied Psychology “Dra. Betti Katzenstein. Our general objective was to analyze the effects of the bioparental matrix and its impact on children/adolescents and their families as well as estimate the possibilities of escape to the subjection to this bioparental matrix. The results showed us several aspects that may be significant for understanding the discursive crossings related to the practice of adoption. It was observed that there is still a great ambivalence pervading this theme, revealing that there is a discrepancy between what we say and what we do in relation to practices of caring among the adopted children. On the one hand, it was noticed that relatives rationally seek to enhance the bonding of the “emotional ties”, but their practices and beliefs, are still supported in modes of subjectivation that prioritize the biological discourse. This fact reveals a strained and conflictive field that probably weaknesses those families seeking to prioritize the ties of affection. However, as can be seen in this study, it is comforting and motivating to realize the power of resistance of individuals to absolute truths that govern their ways of feeling, affiliating and/ or exert their parenting.

Rotinas familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais em família adotiva

Objetivou-se descrever as rotinas de três famílias, que adotaram crianças com necessidades especiais, que tinham conhecimento prévio dessa condição infantil. Utilizou-se o método de Estudo de Casos Múltiplos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de Entrevista Semiestruturada (ES), do Inventário de Rotina (IR) e do Diário de Campo (DC). Quanto às semelhanças entre os grupos familiares, identificou-se que são comuns as atividades de alimentação/higiene, descanso e lazer, envolvendo a participação dos pais, irmãs e babás, geralmente nos ambientes domésticos da família. Observou-se diferenças importantes nos padrões de atividades, companhias e ambientes onde as rotinas ocorriam. Conclui-se que as variações nas rotinas estão relacionadas às particularidades de cada criança, à estrutura e nível socioeconômico de cada família participante.

The tides of Barnegat,

Mode of access: Internet.

Dialogue /

Description based on : Fall 2001.