Documentation, profile descriptions and analytical results of loes profiles from Bavaria, southern Germany

This study investigates the landscape evolution and soil development in the loess area near Regensburg between approximately 6000-2000 yr BP (radiocarbon years), Eastern Bavaria. The focus is on the question how man and climate influenced landscape evolution and what their relative significance was. The theoretical background concerning the factors that controlled prehistoric soil erosion in Middle Europe is summarized with respect to rainfall intensity and distribution, pedogenesis, Pleistocene relief, and prehistoric farming. Colluvial deposits , flood loams, and soils were studied at ten different and representative sites that served as archives of their respective palaeoenvironments. Geomorphological, sedimentological, and pedological methods were applied. According to the findings presented here, there was a high asynchronity of landscape evolution in the investigation area, which was due to prehistoric land-use patterns. Prehistoric land use and settlement caused highly difIerenciated phases of morphodynamic activity and stability in time and space. These are documented at the single catenas ofeach site. In general, Pleistocene relief was substantially lowered. At the same time smaller landforms such as dells and minor asymmetric valleys filled up and strongly transformed. However, there were short phases at many sites, forming short lived linear erosion features ('Runsen'), resulting from exceptional rainfalls. These forms are results of single events without showing regional trends. Generally, the onset of the sedimentation of colluvial deposits took place much earlier (usually 3500 yr BP (radiocarbon) and younger) than the formation of flood loams. Thus, the deposition of flood loams in the Kleine Laaber river valley started mainly as a consequence of iron age farming only at around 2500 yr BP (radiocarbon). A cascade system explains the different ages of colluvial deposits and flood loams: as a result of prehistoric land use, dells and other minor Pleistocene landforms were filled with colluvial sediments. After the filling of these primary sediment traps , eroded material was transported into flood plains, thus forming flood loams. But at the moment we cannot quantify the extent ofprehistoric soil erosion in the investigation area. The three factors that controlled the prehistoric Iandscapc evolution in the Ioess area near Regensburg are as follows: 1. The transformation from a natural to a prehistoric cultural landscape was the most important factor: A landscape with stable relief was changed into a highly morphodynamic one with soil erosion as the dominant process of this change. 2. The sediment traps of the pre-anthropogenic relief determined where the material originated from soil erosion was deposited: either sedimentation took place on the slopes or the filled sediment traps of the slopes rendered flood loam formation possible. Climatic influence of any importance can only be documented as the result of land use in connection with singular and/or statistic events of heavy rainfalls. Without human impact, no significant change in the Holocene landscape would have been possible.

miR-126 in human cancers : clinical roles and current perspectives

miR-126 has been implicated in the processes of inflammation and angiogenesis. Through these processes, miR-126 is implicated in cancer biology, but its role there has not been well reviewed. The aim of this review is to examine the molecular mechanisms and clinicopathological significance of miR-126 in human cancers. miR-126 was shown to have roles in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, genital tracts, breast, thyroid, lung and some other cancers. Its expression was suppressed in most of the cancers studied. The molecular mechanisms that are known to cause aberrant expression of miR-126 include alterations in gene sequence, epigenetic modification and alteration of dicer abundance. miR-126 can inhibit progression of some cancers via negative control of proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell survival. In some instances, however, miR-126 supports cancer progression via promotion of blood vessel formation. Downregulation of miR-126 induces cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via targeting specific oncogenes. Also, reduced levels of miR-126 are a significant predictor of poor survival of patients in many cancers. In addition, miR-126 can alter a multitude of cellular mechanisms in cancer pathogenesis via suppressing gene translation of numerous validated targets such as PI3K, KRAS, EGFL7, CRK, ADAM9, HOXA9, IRS-1, SOX-2, SLC7A5 and VEGF. To conclude, miR-126 is commonly down-regulated in cancer, most likely due to its ability to inhibit cancer cell growth, adhesion, migration, and invasion through suppressing a range of important gene targets. Understanding these mechanisms by which miR-126 is involved with cancer pathogenesis will be useful in the development of therapeutic targets for the management of patients with cancer.

GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) approximately 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for approximately 2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.

Deregulation of miR-126 expression in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and its clinical significance

In this study, we investigated the expression profiles and clinicopathological significance of miR-126 in large cohort of patients with colorectal cancers as well the cellular repercussions of miR-126 in colon cancer cells along with its targets in-vitro. Down regulation of miR-126 expression was associated with histological subtypes, peri-neural tumour infiltration, microsatellite instability and pathological staging of colorectal cancers (p<0.05). Low miR-126 expression was also associated with poorer survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Analysis of matched tissues from the same patient revealed that approximately 70% of the tested patients had similar levels of expression of miR-126 in primary cancer and cancer metastases in both lymph node and distant metastases. In addition, induced overexpression of miR-126 showed reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and decreased accumulation of cells in the G0-G1 phase of the colon cancer cells. Furthermore, SW480(+miR-126) cells showed reduced BCL-2 and increased P53 protein expression. To conclude, deregulation of miR-126 in colorectal cancer at the tissue and cellular levels as well as its correlation with various clinicopathological parameters confirm the cancer suppressive role of miR-126 in colorectal cancer.

Sapientia, 1977, Vol. XXXII, nº 126 (número completo)

Contenido: Bien común, justicia y paz / Octavio N. Derisi – La lógica-metafísica del P. José Angulo S. J. / Alberto Caturelli – Dante : aportación escolástica y peculiaridades de su pensar poético-filosófico / G. H. M. Terán – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Comentários acerca do Projeto de Lei nº 2.126/11, que “[e]stabelece princípios, garantias, direitos e deveres para o uso da Internet no Brasil”, o chamado Marco Civil da Internet

Trata dos princípios, garantias, direitos e deveres para usuários, provedores de serviço e demais agentes envolvidos com o uso da Internet.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 126]

Comissão de tribos indígenas do Alto Rio Negro entrega um documento aos representantes da Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI) comunicando a intenção de liberar suas terras para a exploração de minérios. As lideranças indígenas querem negociar essa exploração com a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC). Romero Jucá, Presidente da FUNAI, esclarece que essa exploração é uma espécie de autogestão das terras indígenas. João Menezes (PFL-BA) afirma ser necessária a regulamentação urgente da exploração das reservas indígenas, ou proibi-la definitivamente. Antonio Perosa (PMDB-SP) esclarece que a comissão temática votou contra a exploração de minérios em terras indígenas e entende que o setor público tem o direito de detectar a presença de jazidas, mas que a posterior exploração deverá respeitar todo o patrimônio cultural das várias nações indígenas. Será entregue por Bernardo Cabral (PMDN-AM) a segunda versão do anteprojeto de Constituição, feito a partir das propostas das comissões e emendas apresentadas pelos constituintes. Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM) comenta o trabalho de compatibilizar as emendas apresentadas e o prazo de entrega da segunda versão do anteprojeto. Os constituintes trabalham na Comissão de Sistematização no sentido de que a nova Constituição modifique alguns pontos na lei do casamento e do planejamento familiar. Israel Pinheiro Filho (PMDB-MG) acha que os casais, principalmente do campo, precisam de orientação para

'Fa Tsai', a Chinese edible Nostoc in market. [Translation from: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology 8 124-126, 1960. ]

The Nostoc 'Fa Tsai' is sometimes seen in Chinese cooking materials stores. It is investigated what 'Fa Tsai' consists of and where it originates.

Comment on "Acoustic chaos in a duct with two separate sound sources" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 120-126 (2001)] (L)

In a paper published in this journal in 2001 by Dong [W. G. Dong, X. Y. Huang, and Q. L. Wo, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 120-126 (2001)] it was claimed that acoustic chaos was obtained experimentally by the nonlinear interaction of two acoustic waves in a duct. In this comment a simple experimental setup and an analytical model is used to show that the dynamics of such systems corresponds to a quasiperiodic motion, and not to a chaotic one. © 2008 Acoustical Society of America.

~(126)I高自旋态的识别

利用重离子融合蒸发反应12 2 Sn(11B ,5n2p)布居了双奇核12 6 I的激发态 ,首次建立了具有集体带结构特征的能级纲图 ,其中包括 2 0条新γ跃迁 .所建能级纲图的核素归属指定得到了核反应12 4 Sn(7Li,5n)的交叉支持 .简单讨论了所建带结构的可能组态 .

~(126)Xe~(q+)轰击Al表面产生的原子和离子光谱线

报道了高电荷态离子12 6Xeq + (6≤q≤ 30 )入射到固体Al表面产生的 2 0 0～ 10 0 0nm波段的发射光谱的实验结果。实验表明 ,在弱束流 (nA量级 )高电荷态的情况下 ,通过入射离子与固体靶的相互作用可有效地产生原子和离子的复杂组态间跃迁所形成的可见光波段的特征谱线 ,而且当入射离子的电荷剥离数超过一临界值后 (对Al,q=2 6 ) ,谱线相对强度突然显著增强。根据经典过垒模型COB(Theclassicover barriermodel) ,在入射离子的动能较小 (～ 1keV/u)的条件下 ,高电荷态离子与表面相互作用过程中电子的俘获或转移起着非常重要的作用 ,通过提高入射离子的电荷态可增强入射离子俘获电子的能力 ,显著增强激发粒子的光谱线的强度。

~(126)Cs的高自旋态能级结构

利用融合蒸发反应 116Cd(14 N ,4n) 12 6Cs布居了 12 6Cs的高自旋态 .观测到了 10 0多条新的γ跃迁和相应的能级 ,建立了双奇核 12 6Cs由 9个转动带构成的能级纲图 .尝试性地指定了大部分能级的自旋和宇称以及各转动带的Nilsson单粒子组态 .极大地丰富了已有的实验结果 .

高电荷态离子~(126)Xe~(q+)与Ti固体表面作用的激发光谱

报道用 15 0keV的高电荷态离子1 2 6 Xeq + (6≤q≤ 30 )轰击Ti固体表面产生 2 0 0— 10 0 0nm波段发射光谱的实验结果 .结果显示 ,用电荷态足够高的离子作光谱激发源 ,无需很强的束流强度 (nA量级 ) ,便可激发起样品表面的原子和离子在可见光波段的特征谱线 .当入射离子剥离度q >qc≈ 2 0时 ,Ti原子及其离子的特征谱线强度突然显著增强 ;不同金属靶 ,特征谱线突然增强的qc值不同 .理论分析表明 ,这与q大于此临界值后 ,单电子转移释放能量激发靶材料传导电子气体的表面等离激元密切相关 .