A formação superior para o secretariado na perspectiva luso-brasileira

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como se constitui a formação tecnológica para o Secretariado no Brasil e em Portugal, identificando as características da educação formal e a oferta de cursos superiores para esse público, compondo uma análise comparativa do panorama dessa formação nos dois países. Com o embasamento em legislações educacionais e para o trabalho e, ainda, em referenciais sobre o ensino superior no âmbito brasileiro e internacional, a pesquisa se constitui como um estudo de caso, associado ao método comparativo. Os resultados apontam para a tendência da formação tecnológica para os secretários, em detrimento aos de longa duração, trazendo como desafios a ambos os países o acompanhamento dos debates e tendências para o ensino superior, a observação e articulação das demandas à preparação de novos profissionais e a identificação das influências nas expectativas e escolhas de carreira da população jovem.

Factors that influence entrepreneurship activity by gender in the European Union

This research work aims to discuss the gender issue concerning entrepreneurship in European Union countries in a period of nine years, from 2007 to 2015, identifying the factors which drive individuals to be entrepreneurs. The study mainly concentrates on identifying and quantifying the personal, social, political and economic features which are motivating individuals, especially women, to be entrepreneurs, as well as the main difficulties they feel during the process of business creation. In order to explore the entrepreneurial activity across a set of developed countries the econometric methodology of panel data (in particular the fixed effects and random effects models) is applied to a data set of entrepreneurial statistical indicators calculated and made available by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The results show that the knowledge of other start-up entrepreneurs, a desired career choice, the governmental support and the existence of public policies that promote entrepreneurship (specially within the framework of small and medium sized firms) and the transfer of R&D are factors influencing negatively on the rate of female entrepreneurship. None of the observed variables are barriers for male entrepreneurs. The perceived capabilities and opportunities, the entrepreneurial intention, the policies to lower taxes and bureaucracy and the social and cultural norms are identified drives for women for engaging in a process of running their own ventures. These findings offer a set of valid knowledge to understand which measures could be implemented or should be changed and improved at a political and managerial level for stimulating entrepreneurship, especially for women.