Dephosphorization of Iron Ore through Bioleaching

Phosphorus, as phosphate, is frequently found as a constituent of many of the world iron resources. Phosphorus is an extremely harmful element found in iron ore used as a raw material in the steelmaking process because it will affect the quality of iron and steel products. Allowable phosphorus concentration in high quality steel is usually less than 0.08%. Dephosphorization of iron ore has been studied for a long time. Although there are described physical beneficiation and chemical leaching processes, involving inorganic acids, to reduce phosphorus content of iron ores, these processes have several limitations such as poor recovery, require high energy quantity, capital costs and cause environmental pollution. Use of microorganisms in leaching of mineral ores is gaining importance due to the implementation of stricter environmental rules. Microbes convert metal compounds into their water soluble forms and are biocatalysts of leaching processes. Biotechnology is considered as an eco-friendly, promising, and revolutionary solution to these problems. Microorganisms play a critical role in natural phosphorus cycle and the process of phosphate solubilization by microorganisms has been known for many years. This study was performed to analyze the possibility of using bioleaching as a process for the dephosphorization of an iron ore from Northeast of Portugal. For bioleaching, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterium were used. For this study two experiments were done with different conditions, which lasts 6 weeks for first experiment and 5 weeks for second experiment. From the result of these preliminary studies, it was observed that for first experiment 6.2 % and for second experiment 3.7 % of phosphorus was removed from iron ore.

Parental feelings face to hospitalization of the child

The hospitalizatíon of a child carnes with it major changes, etther in the child's life or parent. lllness and hospttalizatíon constitute a crisis situation for both the child and the famHy as it incorporates financiai, psychotogical, relational and social changes. The purpose of this work and analyze the satísfactíon and parents' perception on the importance of nursing care during hospttalizatíon and feelings experienced by parents. Objectives: To know the opinions and feelings of the parents in relation to the admlsston of the child 1n the service of Pediatrics at North of Portugal. Methods: Integrated this study parents of chtldren hospttalized in the pediatric inpatíent at the Hospital Trás-os-Montes e alto Douro, Vila Real, whose children were in the service to at least more than 48 hours, In total 33 escorts that replied to the questionnaire. For such a study we chose the type quantitative deschptíve. We proceeded to collect data by conductíng a questíonnaire, and the results of it were drafted in the SPSS program through Quantitatíve model wtth exploratory qualitatíve approach. Results: The age ofthe partícipants is between the 21 and 46 years - old, 75. 8% of respondents were married, 78. 8% of chtldren was hospitalized in the first time. We conclude that the mother is who else accompanies the chtld in the hospital. We had positive feedback regarding the interactíon parent-nurses since many parents stressed the good relatíonship with the nursing team (It reported that "Nurses" and "Nurses and "auxiliaries" were who else helped them, with 30. 3% and 21. 2% respectively). The feelings more mentioned were: anxiety -21 answers, sadness-20, fear-15 and hope with 15. The conditions offered to the parents were considered goodfor60.6%.

Prontidão de alunos do ensino superior para a aprendizagem de álgebra linear

Neste artigo estuda-se a prontidão de alunos do ensino superior para a aprendizagem de álgebra linear, salientando a natureza teórica desta área de conhecimento. Participaram no estudo alunos do ensino superior, de uma turma do 1.º ano, de um Instituto Politécnico do norte de Portugal. Os alunos responderam a um teste diagnóstico, cujas questões incorporavam conteúdos lecionados durante os anos escolares anteriores à entrada no ensino superior, considerados como pré-requisito para a aprendizagem de álgebra linear numa vertente mais teórica. Dos resultados do estudo, destacam-se as grandes dificuldades dos alunos em todos os conteúdos avaliados, verificando-se que mais de metade apresentou respostas incorretas ou não respondeu às questões colocadas, donde se conclui que os alunos não apresentam um grau de prontidão adequado para aprendizagem de álgebra linear.

Prática de ensino supervisionada em ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

O Relatório Final de estágio, que apresentamos, foi elaborado como parte integrante da unidade curricular da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (de agora em diante mencionada por PES), no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da Escola Superior de Educação, do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, referente ao ano letivo de 2011/2012. Referimos que a PES foi realizada em dois níveis de ensino, 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico, e em diferentes áreas curriculares destes dois ciclos de estudos. No 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (de agora em diante, referido como 1.ºCEB), realizou-se Língua Portuguesa, Estudo do Meio, Matemática, e Expressão Plástica, numa turma de 4.º ano de escolaridade do Centro Escolar da Sé, agrupamento da Escola Paulo Quintela. No 2.º Ciclo de Ensino Básico (de agora em diante, referido como 2.ºCEB), o estágio nas áreas de Matemática, Língua Portuguesa e História e Geografia de Portugal foi realizado na mesma escola, Paulo Quintela, com a mesma turma de 5.º ano de escolaridade. Na área de Ciências da Natureza, a PES foi realizada na escola Augusto Moreno, numa turma de 6.º ano. Consideramos ter obtido bastante sucesso educativo com os alunos do 1.º ciclo e com os alunos de 2.º ciclo, na área de Ciências da Natureza. Relativamente aos alunos do 2.º ciclo, nas áreas de Matemática, Língua Portuguesa e História e Geografia de Portugal, o sucesso educativo foi mais limitado mas, mesmo assim, pensamos que foi relevante, como explicaremos na reflexão sobre as experiências de ensino-aprendizagem.

Surgical site infection in colorectal surgery

Surgical Site Infection is one of the most common infection associated with health care, but can also be the most preventable situation. Surgical site infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery varies according to the literature, from 3.5 to 21.3%, being identiied as the highest rate of infection among elective procedures and emergency. Objectives: To identify and characterize the occurrence of surgical site infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery at a hospital in northern Portugal. Methods: A prospective study in a hospital in the north of Portugal in 2015, patients admitted to the surgical service who underwent colorectal surgery. Patients were selected more than 24 hours of admission, obtaining a sample of 102 participants. The characterization of the patient and the surgery was done using a search in the irst 24 hours after surgery and the registration of the infection at the time of occurrence and 30 days after the intervention. Results: 102 participants, 67 (65.7%) were male with a mean age of 71.92 years (37-93 years) and 40.2% underwent emergency surgery. There was a prevalence of surgical site infection in 21 patients (20.6%). Among these 15 were male (71.4%) with mean age of 72.24 years. They were hospitalized on average 22 days, with an average of 19 days of hospitalization after surgery. Escherichia-coli was the microorganism most frequently isolated in culture studies with 13 (60.0%) cases of surgical site infection and organ/space was the main site identiied with infection - 38.1%. Conclusions: The prevalence of surgical site infection was 5.1% and Escherichia coli most common etiologic agent. It is suggested that other studies can analyze the associated factors with this type of infection.

Os espectadores de cinema em Portugal nos últimos 40 anos: o caso da cidade de Bragança

O número de espetadores de cinema tem variado ao longo dos tempos. Nos últimos 40 anos, em Portugal, o sentido é globalmente descendente devido sobretudo à internet e às novas tecnologias de comunicação. Esta informação pode ser comprovada com os números fornecidos pela base de dados “ Pordata” e por alguns estudos realizados nesta área. O cinema é uma arte em constante mudança e que influencia a sociedade, mas é ao mesmo tempo influenciado por ela, constituindo mesmo o seu autorretrato. Sem a interação com a sociedade contemporânea a sétima arte não evolui nem desperta paixões. Este facto pode determinar os altos e baixos na história do cinema