Altered Urinary Sodium Excretion Response After Central Cholinergic And Adrenergic Stimulation Of Adult Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

In this study, we hypothesized that blunting of the natriuresis response to intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) microinjected cholinergic and adrenergic agonists is involved in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We evaluated the effect of i.c.v. injection of cholinergic and noradrenergic agonists, at increasing concentrations, and of muscarinic cholinergic and α1 and α2-adrenoceptor antagonists on blood pressure and urinary sodium handling in SHR, compared with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WR). We confirmed that CCh and NE microinjected into the lateral ventricle (LV) of conscious rats leads to enhanced natriuresis. This response was associated with increased proximal and post-proximal sodium excretion accompanied by an unchanged rate of glomerular filtration. We showed that cholinergic-induced natriuresis in WR and SHR was attenuated by previous i.c.v. administration of atropine and was significantly lower in the hypertensive strain than in WR. In both groups the natriuretic effect of injection of noradrenaline into the LV was abolished by previous local injection of an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin). Conversely, LV α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine) administration potentiated the action of noradrenaline. The LV yohimbine pretreatment normalized urinary sodium excretion in SHR compared with age-matched WR. In conclusion, these are, as far as we are aware, the first results showing the importance of interaction of central cholinergic and/or noradrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension. These experiments also provide good evidence of the existence of a central adrenergic mechanism consisting of α1 and α2-adrenoceptors which works antagonistically on regulation of renal sodium excretion.

Short-term Physiological Changes In Roots And Leaves Of Sugarcane Varieties Exposed To H2o2 In Root Medium.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differential sensitivity of sugarcane genotypes to H2O2 in root medium. As a hypothesis, the drought tolerant genotype would be able to minimize the oxidative damage and maintain the water transport from roots to shoots, reducing the negative effects on photosynthesis. The sugarcane genotypes IACSP94-2094 (drought tolerant) and IACSP94-2101 (drought sensitive) were grown in a growth chamber and exposed to three levels of H2O2 in nutrient solution: control; 3mmolL(-1) and 80mmolL(-1). Leaf gas exchange, photochemical activity, root hydraulic conductance (Lr) and antioxidant metabolism in both roots and leaves were evaluated after 15min of treatment with H2O2. Although, root hydraulic conductance, stomatal aperture, apparent electron transport rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency have been reduced by H2O2 in both genotypes, IACSP94-2094 presented higher values of those variables as compared to IACSP94-2101. There was a significant genotypic variation in relation to the physiological responses of sugarcane to increasing H2O2 in root tissues, being root changes associated with modifications in plant shoots. IACSP94-2094 presented a root antioxidant system more effective against H2O2 in root medium, regardless H2O2 concentration. Under low H2O2 concentration, water transport and leaf gas exchange of IACSP94-2094 were less affected as compared to IACSP94-2101. Under high H2O2 concentration, the lower sensitivity of IACSP94-2094 was associated with increases in superoxide dismutase activity in roots and leaves and increases in catalase activity in roots. In conclusion, we propose a general model of sugarcane reaction to H2O2, linking root and shoot physiological responses.

Bay 41-2272 Activates Host Defence Against Local And Disseminated Candida Albicans Infections.

In our previous study, we have found that 5-cyclopropyl-2-[1-(2-fluoro-benzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamine (BAY 41-2272), a guanylate cyclase agonist, activates human monocytes and the THP-1 cell line to produce the superoxide anion, increasing in vitro microbicidal activity, suggesting that this drug can be used to modulate immune functioning in primary immunodeficiency patients. In the present work, we investigated the potential of the in vivo administration of BAY 41-2272 for the treatment of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus infections introduced via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous inoculation. We found that intraperitoneal treatment with BAY 41-2272 markedly increased macrophage-dependent cell influx to the peritoneum in addition to macrophage functions, such as spreading, zymosan particle phagocytosis and nitric oxide and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production. Treatment with BAY 41-2272 was highly effective in reducing the death rate due to intraperitoneal inoculation of C. albicans, but not S. aureus. However, we found that in vitro stimulation of peritoneal macrophages with BAY 41-2272 markedly increased microbicidal activities against both pathogens. Our results show that the prevention of death by the treatment of C. albicans-infected mice with BAY 41-2272 might occur primarily by the modulation of the host immune response through macrophage activation.

(-)-tarchonanthuslactone Exerts A Blood Glucose-increasing Effect In Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

A number of studies have proposed an anti-diabetic effect for tarchonanthuslactone based on its structural similarity with caffeic acid, a compound known for its blood glucose-reducing properties. However, the actual effect of tarchonanthuslactone on blood glucose level has never been tested. Here, we report that, in opposition to the common sense, tarchonanthuslactone has a glucose-increasing effect in a mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effect is acute and non-cumulative and is present only in diabetic mice. In lean, glucose-tolerant mice, despite a slight increase in blood glucose levels, the effect was not significant.

Role Of The Different Sexuality Domains On The Sexual Function Of Women With Premature Ovarian Failure.

Women with premature ovarian failure (POF) often manifest complaints involving different aspects of sexual function (SF), regardless of using hormone therapy. SF involves a complex interaction between physical, psychological, and sociocultural aspects. There are doubts about the impact of different complaints on the global context of SF of women with POF. To evaluate the percentage of influence of each of the sexuality domains on the SF in women with POF. Cross-sectional study with 80 women with POF, matched by age to 80 women with normal gonadal function. We evaluated SF through the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a comparison between the POF and control groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Component exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the proportional influence of each domain on the composition of the overall SF for women in the POF group. SF was evaluated using FSFI. Exploratory Factor Analysis for components was used to evaluate the role of each domain on the SF of women with POF. The FSFI score was significantly worse for women with POF, with a decrease in arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and dyspareunia. Exploratory factor analysis of SF showed that the domain with greater influence in the SF was arousal, followed by desire, together accounting for 41% of the FSFI. The domains with less influence were dyspareunia and lubrication, which together accounted for 25% of the FSFI. Women with POF have impaired SF, determined mainly by changes in arousal and desire. Aspects related to lubrication and dyspareunia complaints have lower determination coefficient in SF. These results are important in adapting the approach of sexual disorders in this group of women. Benetti-Pinto CL, Soares PM, Giraldo HPD, and Yela DA. Role of the different sexuality domains on the sexual function of women with premature ovarian failure. J Sex Med 2015;12:685-689.

Electrocardiogram, Heart Movement And Heart Rate In The Awake Gecko (hemidactylus Mabouia).

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the simplest and most effective non-invasive method to assess the electrical activity of the heart and to obtain information on the heart rate (HR) and rhythm. Because information on the HR of very small reptiles (body mass <10 g) is still scarce in the literature, in the present work we describe a procedure for recording the ECG in non-anesthetized geckos (Hemidactylus mabouia, Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) under different conditions, namely manual restraint (MR), spontaneous tonic immobility (TI), and in the non-restrained condition (NR). In the gecko ECG, the P, QRS and T waves were clearly distinguishable. The HR was 2.83 ± 0.02 Hz under MR, which was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the HR under the TI (1.65 ± 0.09 Hz) and NR (1.60 ± 0.10 Hz) conditions. Spontaneously beating isolated gecko hearts contracted at 0.84 ± 0.03 Hz. The in vitro beating rate was affected in a concentration-dependent fashion by adrenoceptor stimulation with noradrenaline, as well as by the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol, which produced significant positive and negative chronotropic effects, respectively (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the ECG morphology and HR values in geckos, particularly under TI. The methodology and instrumentation developed here are useful for non-invasive in vivo physiological and pharmacological studies in small reptiles without the need of physical restraint or anesthesia.

Experimental determination of benzene uptake rate in Tenax TA diffusive samplers

This paper proposes a methodology to predict benzene uptake rate in ambient air, using passive samplers with Tenax TA. Variations in the uptake rate were found to occur as a function of the sampling time; and were greater at the beginning of sampling. An empirical model was obtained and values for uptake rate agree with literature. Concentration prediction errors can be minimized by using sampling times of 4 to 14 days, thus avoiding the influence of excessive uptake rates in the initial days and the influence of back diffusion at the end of the sampling period.

Thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: update on the Brazilian consensus

Thyroid nodules are frequent findings, especially when sensitive imaging methods are used. Although thyroid cancer is relatively rare, its incidence is increasing, particularly in terms of small tumors, which have an uncertain clinical relevance. Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer exhibit satisfactory clinical outcomes when treatment is appropriate, and their mortality rate is similar to that of the overall population. However, relapse occurs in a considerable fraction of these patients, and some patients stop responding to conventional treatment and eventually die from their disease. Therefore, the challenge is how to identify the individuals who require more aggressive disease management while sparing the majority of patients from unnecessary treatments and procedures. We have updated the Brazilian Consensus that was published in 2007, emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic advances that the participants, representing several Brazilian university centers, consider most relevant in clinical practice. The formulation of the present guidelines was based on the participants' experience and a review of the relevant literature.

Efeito das sessões de familiarização sobre o pico de torque e taxa de desenvolvimento de torque : comparações entre jovens, meia idade e idosos = Effect of familiarization sessions on peak torque and rate of torque development : comparisons among young, middle age and elderly

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física

Respostas agudas da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca após sesão de exercício de força com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo = : Acute responses of heart rate variabiblity afer blood flow restriction resistance exercise

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Comparação das respostas autonomicas e cardiorrespiratorias de homens e mulheres de meia-idade antes e apos treinamento fisico aerobio

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca : estudo das influencias autonomicas sobre suas caracteristicas temporal e espectral em halterofilistas e sedentarios

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Explorando a intensidade de esforço em atletas de basquetebol, segundo tipos de fundamentos e posições : estudo a partir de equipe infanto-juvenil do Campeonato Paulista de 1996

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física