Software for interpolation of vegetative growth of yerba mate plants in 3D

The objective of this work was to build mock-ups of complete yerba mate plants in several stages of development, using the InterpolMate software, and to compute photosynthesis on the interpolated structure. The mock-ups of yerba-mate were first built in the VPlants software for three growth stages. Male and female plants grown in two contrasting environments (monoculture and forest understory) were considered. To model the dynamic 3D architecture of yerba-mate plants during the biennial growth interval between two subsequent prunings, data sets of branch development collected in 38 dates were used. The estimated values obtained from the mock-ups, including leaf photosynthesis and sexual dimorphism, are very close to those observed in the field. However, this similarity was limited to reconstructions that included growth units from original data sets. The modeling of growth dynamics enables the estimation of photosynthesis for the entire yerba mate plant, which is not easily measurable in the field. The InterpolMate software is efficient for building yerba mate mock-ups.

Software para simulação de mecanismo de supressão da luminescência: modelo cinético de Stern-Volmer

A software that includes both Stochastic and Molecular Dynamics procedures has been developed with the aim of visualizing the Stern-Volmer kinetic mechanism of dynamic luminescence quenching. The software allows the student to easily simulate and graphically visualize the molecular collisions, the molecular speed distributions, the luminescence decay curves, and the Stern-Volmer graphs. The software named "SternVolmer" is written for the FreeBASIC compiler and can be applied to dynamic systems where luminescent molecules, during their excited state lifetimes, are able to collide with quenching molecules (collisional quenching). The good agreement found between the simulations and the expected results shows that this software can be used as an effective teaching aid for the study of luminescence and kinetic decay of excited states.

Versão brasileira do Dynamic Gait Index

O Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) é um teste que avalia o equilíbrio e marcha do corpo humano. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos deste estudo foram adaptar culturalmente o DGI para o português e avaliar a sua confiabilidade. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Seguiu-se o método de Guillemin et al. (1993) para a adaptação cultural do instrumento. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo em que 46 pacientes foram avaliados na fase de adaptação cultural e os itens que apresentaram 20% ou mais de incompreensão foram reformulados e reaplicados. A versão final do DGI em português foi aplicada em 35 idosos para examinar a confiabilidade intra e inter-observadores. O coeficiente de Spearman foi utilizado para correlacionar os escores inter e intra-observador e o teste de Wilcoxon para comparar as pontuações. A consistência interna foi analisada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Houve correlações estatisticamente significantes entre os escores obtidos às avaliações inter e intra-observadores para todos os itens (p<0,001), classificadas como boa a muito forte (com de variação de r=0,655 a r=0,951). O DGI mostrou alta consistência interna entre seus itens nas avaliações inter e intra-observadores (variação de µ ou = 0,820 a a=0,894). CONCLUSÃO: O DGI foi adaptado culturalmente para o português brasileiro, mostrando-se um instrumento confiável.

Uso do software Estradas para determinação do espaçamento entre desaguadouros em estradas não pavimentadas do interior de Goiás

Estradas não pavimentadas correspondem a aproximadamente 90% da malha rodoviária brasileira. Estas, na maioria das vezes, são construídas sem a realização de estudos prévios, estando sujeitas a vários tipos de problemas. Um dos principais fatores de deterioração dessas vias é a ineficiência do sistema de drenagem. Neste trabalho simulou-se o espaçamento entre desaguadouros em estradas não pavimentadas, utilizando-se um software desenvolvido com base num modelo matemático de dimensionamento de sistemas de drenagem em estradas não pavimentadas. Utilizaram-se valores de erodibilidade, tensão crítica de cisalhamento e massa específica para diferentes solos de estradas, localizadas no Estado de Goiás. Simularam-se cenários considerando alterações na declividade (1, 5, 10 e 15%) e na seção transversal do canal com relações entre altura e largura de 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 e 1:10. O modelo respondeu sensivelmente às alterações na declividade, na seção transversal do canal e nas de resistência do solo. Os espaçamentos obtidos indicaram que, estradas com declividades inferiores a 5%, mesmo com elevados valores de erodibilidade permitiram espaçamentos viáveis em aspectos construtivos. No entanto, para as declividades de 10 e 15%, os espaçamentos, na maioria dos casos, apresentaram dimensões reduzidas, tornando-se impraticáveis, sendo necessário, nestes casos, proteção do canal ou alteração de suas características hidráulicas.

Dinâmica da acumulação de capacidades inovadoras: evidências de empresas de software no Rio de janeiro e em São Paulo

São escassos estudos sobre a dinâmica da acumulação de capacidades inovadoras. Este artigo examina o tema em oito empresas de software em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, encontrando: diferenças inter e intraempresariais em termos da direção e taxa de acumulação de capacidade para funções tecnológicas específicas; acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica mais rápido em empresas mais jovens; e decréscimo das taxas de acumulação tecnológica à medida que as empresas se aproximam de níveis mais inovadores de capacidades, demonstrando a potencialidade para aceleração do processo. Tais evidências são relevantes para o entendimento da acumulação tecnológica e fornecem uma noção do tempo necessário para se obterem benefícios de esforços de aprendizagem e construção de capacidade inovadora.

Atratividade de projetos de software livre: importância teórica e estratégias para administração

Milhares de Projetos de Software Livre (PSL) foram e continuam sendo criados na Internet. Esse cenário aumenta as oportunidades de colaboração tanto quanto acirra a concorrência por usuários e contribuidores, que elevariam esses projetos a níveis superiores aos que seriam alcançados por seus fundadores sozinhos. E dado que o aprimoramento por meio de colaboração é o principal objetivo dos fundadores de PSL, a importância de entender e administrar a capacidade de atrair usuários e contribuidores fica estabelecida. Para auxiliar pesquisadores e fundadores nesse desafio, o conceito de atratividade é introduzido neste artigo, que desenvolve um ferramental teórico-gerencial sobre as causas, indicadores e consequências da atratividade, viabilizando sua administração estratégica.

Knowledge cities: a taxonomy for analyzing software and information service clusters

Software and information services (SIS) have become a field of increasing opportunities for international trade due to the worldwide diffusion of a combination of technological and organizational innovations. In several regions, the software industry is organized in clusters, usually referred to as "knowledge cities" because of the growing importance of knowledge-intensive services in their economy. This paper has two primary objectives. First, it raises three major questions related to the attractiveness of different cities in Argentina and Brazil for hosting software companies and to their impact on local development. Second, a new taxonomy is proposed for grouping clusters according to their dominant business segment, ownership pattern and scope of operations. The purpose of this taxonomy is to encourage further studies and provide an exploratory analytical tool for analyzing software clusters.

PROPOSTA DE INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE O USO DE SOFTWARE NO SUPORTE À INOVAÇÃO EM SERVIÇOS

RESUMOEste artigo examina os objetivos, instrumentos e características das inovações habilitadas por Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no Brasil, enfatizando as tecnologias utilizadas, os canais habilitados pelas ferramentas digitais, os processos de aprendizado para inovação e as mudanças organizacionais necessárias para o uso de ferramentas avançadas. A metodologia consiste na adaptação de taxonomias existentes para os propósitos específicos da pesquisa e a realização de uma pesquisa de campo com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados mostram que as inovações habilitadas por TIC não constituem eventos isolados e pontuais, uma vez que alteram processos, formas de relacionamento com parceiros e clientes, e requerem uma maior integração de funções organizacionais. Importantes diferenças foram observadas em função do porte da empresa, da internacionalização das operações, da capacitação técnica e do grau de acesso a ferramentas proprietárias.

Ensuring dynamic strategic fit of firms that compete globally in alliances and networks: proposing the Global SNA - Strategic Network Analysis - framework

In order to sustain their competitive advantage in the current increasingly globalized and turbulent context, more and more firms are competing globally in alliances and networks that oblige them to adopt new managerial paradigms and tools. However, their strategic analyses rarely take into account the strategic implications of these alliances and networks, considering their global relational characteristics, admittedly because of a lack of adequate tools to do so. This paper contributes to research that seeks to fill this gap by proposing the Global Strategic Network Analysis - SNA - framework. Its purpose is to help firms that compete globally in alliances and networks to carry out their strategic assessments and decision-making with a view to ensuring dynamic strategic fit from both a global and relational perspective.

Periodic dynamic systems for infected hosts and mosquitoes

A mathematical model for the purpose of analysing the dynamic of the populations of infected hosts anf infected mosquitoes when the populations of mosquitoes are periodic in time is here presented. By the computation of a parameter lambda (the spectral radius of a certain monodromy matrix) one can state that either the infection peters out naturally) (lambda <= 1) or if lambda > 1 the infection becomes endemic. The model generalizes previous models for malaria by considering the case of periodic coefficients; it is also a variation of that for gonorrhea. The main motivation for the consideration of this present model was the recent studies on mosquitoes at an experimental rice irrigation system, in the South-Eastern region of Brazil.

BASS 4: a software system for ergonomic design and evaluation of working hours

OBJECTIVE: To extend an existing computer programme for the evaluation and design of shift schedules (BASS 3) by integrating workload as well as economic aspects. METHODS: The redesigned prototype BASS 4 includes a new module with a suitable and easily applicable screening method (EBA) for the assessment of the intensity of physical, emotional and cognitive workload components and their temporal patterns. Specified criterion functions based on these ratings allow for an adjustment of shift and rest duration according to the intensity of physical and mental workload. Furthermore, with regard to interactive effects both workload and temporal conditions, e.g. time of day, are taken into account. In a second new module, important economic aspects and criteria have been implemented. Different ergonomic solutions for scheduling problems can now also be evaluated with regard to their economic costs. RESULTS: The new version of the computer programme (BASS 4) can now simultaneously take into account numerous ergonomic, legal, agreed and economic criteria for the design and evaluation of working hours. CONCLUSIONS: BASS 4 can now be used as an instrument for the design and the evaluation of working hours with regard to legal, ergonomic and economic aspects at the shop floor as well as in administrative (e.g. health and safety inspection) and research problems.

Dynamic network data envelopment analysis for university hospitals evaluation

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To develop an assessment tool to evaluate the efficiency of federal university general hospitals. METHODS Data envelopment analysis, a linear programming technique, creates a best practice frontier by comparing observed production given the amount of resources used. The model is output-oriented and considers variable returns to scale. Network data envelopment analysis considers link variables belonging to more than one dimension (in the model, medical residents, adjusted admissions, and research projects). Dynamic network data envelopment analysis uses carry-over variables (in the model, financing budget) to analyze frontier shift in subsequent years. Data were gathered from the information system of the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC), 2010-2013. RESULTS The mean scores for health care, teaching and research over the period were 58.0%, 86.0%, and 61.0%, respectively. In 2012, the best performance year, for all units to reach the frontier it would be necessary to have a mean increase of 65.0% in outpatient visits; 34.0% in admissions; 12.0% in undergraduate students; 13.0% in multi-professional residents; 48.0% in graduate students; 7.0% in research projects; besides a decrease of 9.0% in medical residents. In the same year, an increase of 0.9% in financing budget would be necessary to improve the care output frontier. In the dynamic evaluation, there was progress in teaching efficiency, oscillation in medical care and no variation in research. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model generates public health planning and programming parameters by estimating efficiency scores and making projections to reach the best practice frontier.

Muscarinic antibodies and heart rate responses to dynamic exercise and to the Valsalva maneuver in chronic chagasic patients

We have studied the cardiac chronotropic responses to the Valsalva maneuver and to dynamic exercise of twenty chronic chagasic patients with normal left ventricular function and no segmental wall abnormalities by two-dimensional echocardiogram. The absolute increase in heart rate of the patients (Δ = 21.5 ± 10 bpm, M±SD) during the maneuver was significantly diminished when compared to controls (Δ = 31.30 ± 70, M±SD, p = 0.03). The minimum heart rate (58.24 ± 8.90 vs. 62.80 ± 10, p = 0.68) and the absolute decrease in heart rate at the end of the maneuver (Δ = 38.30 ± 13 vs. Δ = 31.47 ± 17, p = 0.10) were not different from controls. The initial heart rate acceleration during dynamic exercise (Δ = 12 ± 7.55 vs. Δ = 19 ± 7.27, M±SD, p = 0.01) was also diminished, but the heart rate recovery during the first ten seconds was more prominent in the sero-positive patients (Median: 14, Interquartile range: (9.75-17.50 vs. 5(0-8.75, p = 0.001). The serum levels of muscarinic cardiac auto-antibodies were significantly higher in the chagasic patients (Median: 34.58, Interquartile Range: 17-46.5, Optical Density) than in controls (Median: 0, Interquartile Range: 0-22.25, p = 0.001) and correlated significantly and directly (r = 0.68, p = 0.002) with early heart rate recovery during dynamic exercise. The results of this investigation indirectly suggest that, the cardiac muscarinic auto-antibodies may have positive agonist effects on parasympathetic heart rate control of chagasic patients.

Software for pattern recognition of the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Software for pattern recognition of the larvae of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, biological vectors of dengue and yellow fever, has been developed. Rapid field identification of larva using a digital camera linked to a laptop computer equipped with this software may greatly help prevention campaigns.