Pathology and first report of natural infections of the eye trematode Philophthalmus lachrymosus Braun, 1902 (Digenea, Philophthalmidae) in a non-human mammalian host

The avian eye trematode Philophthalmus lachrymosus Braun, 1902 is for the first time referred naturally occurring in a non-human mammalian host. Previously, natural infections with P. lachrymosus and other species of Philophthalmus have been occasionally reported from man, with few data on experimental infections of non-human mammals. Results presented here are related to the report of two cases of philophthalmosis due to natural infections of wild Brazilian capybaras, Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L., 1766 with P. lachrymosus and associated pathology. Clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions as well as new morphometric data on the parasite are presented.

O Barão do Rio Branco no Itamaraty (1902-1912)

Os cem anos do fim da gestão do Barão do Rio Branco no Ministério das Relações Exteriores do Brasil coincidem com um momento politicamente propício para se revisitar o legado do patrono da diplomacia brasileira, em especial o referente aos Estados Unidos e ao Prata, os dois principais eixos das relações externas do País. Examinam-se o teor das relações com a potência hegemônica do hemisfério e o caráter oscilante daquelas com a Argentina. A partir de fontes primárias e bibliográficas, o autor procura demonstrar que Rio Branco, além do fechamento dos limites do território nacional, firmou tendências e procedimentos que se incorporaram à tradição da diplomacia brasileira, analisando, para isso, a função do alinhamento Rio de Janeiro-Washington no conjunto da política externa do chanceler e o padrão das relações com o governo argentino, fatores que influenciaram seus movimentos no entorno geográfico. A política de prestígio desenvolvida por Rio Branco decorreu da aspiração em diferenciar seu país do conjunto de nações do segmento sul do hemisfério, identificadas com convulsões políticas e insolvência financeira.

Canudos como cidade iletrada: Euclides da Cunha na urbs monstruosa

Euclides da Cunha interpretou o conflito de Canudos (1896-7) a partir de fontes orais, para afirmar o caráter sebastianista e messiânico do movimento. Baseou-se em poemas populares e em profecias apocalípticas, que atribuiu a Antônio Conselheiro, para criar, em Os sertões (1902), um retrato sombrio do líder da comunidade. Os sermões do Conselheiro, recolhidos em dois volumes manuscritos a que Euclides da Cunha não teve acesso, mostram um líder religioso, muito diferente do fanático místico retratado em Os sertões. Revelam um setanejo letrado, capaz de exprimir suas concepções políticas e religiosas, vinculadas a um catolicismo tradicional, corrente na igreja do século XIX.

O Projeto Queixadinha: a morbidade e o controle da esquistossomose em área endêmica no nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Nos últimos cinco anos, em uma área endêmica para esquistossomose no nordeste de Minas Gerais, 561 indivíduos submeteram-se a exames clínico, laboratoriais, ultra-sonografia abdominal e dopplerecocardtografia visando definir a morbidade da doença antes e após o tratamento. Revelaram-se altas a prevalência de esquistossomose (66,3%) e de formas graves (9,5% com baço palpável). A prevalência de indivíduos sem fibrose hepática e com fibrose teve, moderada e intensa ao ultra-som foi de 46,0%, 19,6%, 27,6%) e 6,8%, respectivamente. Vinte um (39,6%:) de 53 indivíduos com baço palpável não apresentavam fibrose periportal ao ultrasom. Linfonodos periportais foram identificados em 33,8% dos indivíduos examinados e anticorpos anti-KLH no soro de 40,7%,. Observaram-se alterações urinárias compatíveis com glomerulopatia esquistossamótica em 4,5% da população e 11,7% apresentavam achados dopplerecocardiográficos de hipertensão pulmonar. Doze meses após o tratamento da esquistossomose, a prevalência da doença reduziu-se de 66,3% para 25,0%. Em Queixadinha, um perfil da morbidade da doença e de sua evolução após o tratamento começa a ser delineado.

Acute schistosomiasis diagnosis: a new tool for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in a group of travelers recently infected in a new focus of Schistosoma mansoni

IntroductionThe diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni on early stages of infection is important to prevent late morbidity. A simple, cheap, sensitive and specific assay for routine diagnosis of schistosome infection based on the detection of specific IgG for schistosomula tegument antigens (ELISA-SmTeg) was developed by our group.MethodsWe describe here an acute outbreak involving a travel group of 80 individuals from a non-endemic area of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. These individuals were in contact with a freshwater pool where Biomphalaria glabrata was found. Results obtained from our new methodology were compared to IgG antibody titers against soluble worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) by ELISA and, also to parasitological examination, nuclear magnetic resonance and clinical findings.ResultsELISA-SmTeg was capable of detecting 64 positive cases among the 80 individuals participating at the survey with a positivity ratio of 80% and a higher sensitivity than ELISA-SWAP that was only sensitive for 56% of positive cases. Besides, a significant correlation was found for the severity of the infection and the specific IgG titers against SmTeg.ConclusionsOur data showed that ELISA-SmTeg might serve as the initial diagnostic tool for acute stages of the infection in community-based helminth control programs or for the surveillance of individuals from non-endemic areas.

Thrombocytopenia as a surrogate marker of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in endemic areas for Schistosomiasis mansoni

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate whether a low platelet count is a good surrogate marker of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) in a rural area of Brazil. A small district in southeastern Brazil, with a population of 1,543 individuals and a 23% prevalence of schistosomiasis, was selected for this investigation. Methods In July 2012, 384 volunteers were subjected to clinical, ultrasonography (US), and laboratory examinations, including stool sample analysis. The HSS patients were classified into four groups: Group 1 consisted of patients with a spleen >13cm and liver fibrosis; Group 2 consisted of patients with a palpable spleen and spleen>13cm measured by US; Group 3 consisted of patients with a spleen >13cm measured by US; and Group 4 consisted of patients with a palpable spleen. Results Eight patients were in Group 1 (2.1%), twenty-one were in Group 2 (5.5%), eight were in Group 3 (2.1%), and eighteen were in Group 4 (4.7%). A significant difference in the mean platelet counts was observed between the patients with and without HSS (p<0.01). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (platelet count <143,000/mm3), the sensitivity was greater than 92% in all groups, and the specificity varied from 44.4% to 75%. Conclusions We concluded that in endemic areas, thrombocytopenia demonstrates good sensitivity for detecting HSS and may be used as a screening tool to identify patients with HSS.

Primeiro registro de Eufriesea laniventris (Ducke, 1902) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) no Amazonas, Brasil

É registrada pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Eufriesea laniventris no Amazonas. No ano 2000, foram coletados seis exemplares na região de Manaus (2º 36' S e 60º 02' W) atraídos pelas substâncias odoríferas 1,8 cineol e salicilato de metila.

Constatação da moléstia do «anel vermelho» do coqueiro no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Redescrição do agente causador - Aphelenchoides cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) Goodey, 1933 (Nematoda, aphelenchidae)

As it is generally said, the red ring disease of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is caused by a nematode which is regularly found in the diseased tissues. Such a nematode was described by COBB in 1919 as Aphelenchus cocophilus, having been placed by GOODEY, in 1933, in the genus Aphelenchoides. The species has been found occurring in three States of this country (Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia). However, the Authors received from the Instituto de Ecologia e Experimentação Agrícolas, in Rio de Janeiro, a few samples of coconut tissues badly infested. So, its area of distribution is considerably enlarged. A. cocophilus is so slender and delicate a form that descriptions based on preserved material are frequentely inadequate. Thus, the Authors took this opportunity to re-examine and redescribe the species, as it was suggested by GOODEY (1923), what had not previously been made by those brazilian workers who have dealt with the disease. The population studied generally agreed with those examined by COBB (1919) and GOODEY (1923) in the details given, except in the dimensions mainly of the tail, as it is shown in table 1, where the measurements of 5 females and 5 males are presented.