Pascal e o amor-próprio

Uma abordagem lexográfica do amor próprio nos escritos de Pascal: carta (1651) sobre a morte de seu pai, frag. La 978 e nove ocorrências nos Pensamentos. A partir dos diferentes "amores-próprios" enumerados pela tradição, o amor-próprio natural de Adão, anterior à Queda, que para Tomás de Aquino é indiferente, é identificado por Jansenius como pervertido em concupiscência. Em sua Apologia, Pascal segue a linha jansenista de um modo tão radical que os teólogos de Port-Royal julgaram preciso mitigar seus sentimentos a ponto de contradizê-lo, como fez Nicole, que descreveu o amor-próprio como um substituto hipocrítico do comportamento virtuoso.

De Jean de Léry a Claude Lévi-Strauss: por uma arqueologia de Tristes trópicos

A comparação entre a História de Duas Viagens ao Brasil, de Jean de Léry, e Tristes trópicos, de Claude Lévi-Strauss, mostra entre os autores e suas narrativas acerca do Brasil numerosos paralelos. No modo de se relacionar com o Brasil, na descrição dos índios, na própria forma de construir seu texto, Léry aparece como um predecessor de Lévi-Strauss. Mais do que retomar a narrativa de Léry, Lévi-Strauss estabelece com ela um diálogo, no qual se pode também perceber as divergências de ponto de vista entre os autores, envoltas nas lembranças nostálgicas de ambos de suas estadas no Novo Mundo.

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) associated with changing patterns in the transmission of the human cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Between March 2000 and December 2001 a survey of the sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) of French Guiana was carried out during 14 nights of captures with CDC light-traps and Malaise traps, and resulted in the collection of 2245 individuals of 38 species. The most abundant species were Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) ininii Floch & Abonnenc, Lu.(Psychodopygus) squamiventris maripaensis Floch & Abonnenc, and Lu .(Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata Mangabeira. Half of the collected sand flies females were dissected under field conditions and five species were found harboring Leishmania-like parasites. The Leishmania (Kinetoplastidae: Trypanosomatidae) species were identified by molecular typing, and for the first time Lu. (Nys.) flaviscutellata was found harboring Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis and Lu. (Tri) ininii harboring unknown Leishmania. The first record for French Guiana of Lu. (Psy.) squamiventris maripaensis harboring L. (V.) naiffi, was also reported. The patterns of diversification of the human cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in French Guiana are discussed.

Anopheles darlingi bionomics and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae in Amerindian villages of the Upper-Maroni Amazonian forest, French Guiana

French Guiana is one of the areas in South America most affected by malaria and where the disease has become a serious public health problem. In spite of this situation, little recent entomological data are available from the main localities where the disease occurs, even though they are crucial for development of an effective vector control strategy. A longitudinal entomological survey was carried out from March 2000-February 2002 in three Amerindian villages, namely Twenké, Taluène and Cayodé, located in the Amazonian forest of the Upper-Maroni area, to assess anopheline mosquitoes and malaria transmission dynamics. Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) was the most abundant mosquito species caught during the study. This efficient American malaria vector was active the entire year, but showed an evident peak of abundance during the main rainfall season, from April-June, with an average human biting rate of 255.5 bites per person per night. Parity rates were homogeneous all year, indicating no significant seasonal variability in female survival rates. Estimated vectorial capacity indices were higher during the rainy season, even though the risk of transmission was present throughout the year (VCI > 1). A total of 14 An. darlingi were found infected with Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium malariae. The annual circumsporozoite indices were 0.15, 0.14 and 0.05, and the entomological inoculation rates were 22.8, 27.4 and 14.4 infected bites per person per year in Twenké, Taluène and Cayodé, respectively. An. darlingiwas endo-exophagic and rather exophilic in these localities. The species was collected throughout the night but was more aggressive between 21:30-03:30 h and after 05:30 h. Parity rates were homogeneous during the entire night. Impregnated hammock and/or bed nets, coupled with the use of mosquito repellents, as well as the early treatment of malarial cases, appear to be the most suitable tools for fighting malaria in these Amerindian villages since the spraying of residual insecticides is inefficient because of vector biology and the housing structure.

Multiple insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations compromises the effectiveness of dengue vector control in French Guiana

In French Guiana, pyrethroids and organophosphates have been used for many years against Aedes aegypti. We aimed to establish both the resistance level of Ae. aegypti and the ultra low volume spray efficacy to provide mosquito control services with practical information to implement vector control and resistance management. Resistance to deltamethrin and fenitrothion was observed. In addition, the profound loss of efficacy of AquaK'othrine® and the moderate loss of efficacy of Paluthion® 500 were recorded. Fenitrothion remained the most effective candidate for spatial application in French Guiana until its removal in December 2010. Further investigation of the mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin demonstrated the involvement of mixed-function oxidases and, to a lesser extent, of carboxylesterases. However, these observations alone cannot explain the level of insecticide resistance we observed during tube and cage tests.

Incrimination of Anopheles (Anopheles) intermedius Peryassú, An. (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari Gabaldón, An. (Nys.) oswaldoi Peryassú as natural vectors of Plasmodium falciparum in French Guiana

Anopheles darlingi Root is the major vector of human malaria in the Neotropics and has been considered to be the sole malaria vector in French Guiana. The presence of other potential vectors suggests that malaria may be transmitted by other species under certain conditions. From 2006-2011, all anopheline specimens collected from 11 localities were assayed to determine if the Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein was present. In addition to An. darlingi, we found Anopheles oswaldoi, Anopheles intermedius and Anopheles nuneztovari specimens that were infected with Plasmodium sp. Further investigations on the behaviour and ecology of An. oswaldoi, An. intermedius and An. nuneztovari are necessary to determine their role in malaria transmission in French Guiana.

The practice of nurses caring for families of pediatric inpatients in light of Jean Watson

Objective To know the facilities and the difficulties of nurses in caring practice of hospitalized children’s families in the light of Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Method It was used the descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted in three stages: presentation of theoretical content; engagement with families in the light of Watson’s theory; and semi-structured interview with 12 pediatric nurses. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, being possible to form three themes: Recognizing a framework for care; Considering the institutional context; and Challenges in family’s relationship. Results The theory favored reflections about self, about the institutions and about nurses’ relationship with the family of the child, normalized by a consciousness toward caring attitudes. Conclusion In this process, it is imperative that nurses recognize the philosophical-theoretical foundations of care to attend the child’s family in hospital.



Indicadores bibliométricos da produção científica brasileira: uma análise a partir da base Pascal

As atividades de produção de indicadores quantitativos em ciência, tecnologia e inovação vêm se fortalecendo no país na última década, com o reconhecimento da necessidade, por parte dos governos federal e estaduais e da comunidade científica nacional, de dispor de instrumentos para definição de diretrizes, alocação de investimentos e recursos, formulação de programas e avaliação de atividades relacionadas ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico no país. Este trabalho insere-se dentro deste contexto, ao apresentar e analisar os indicadores bibliométricos da produção científica e tecnológica de pesquisadores brasileiros ao longo dos anos 90, computados a partir de uma base bibliográfica internacional e multidisciplinar a Pascal francesa. A análise dos indicadores aqui apresentados mostra que o aumento da produção científica brasileira foi expressivo nos últimos 20 anos, assim como sua internacionalização. Ampliou-se a parceria de pesquisadores brasileiros com de outros países, nos EUA, Europa e também na América do Sul. Embora ainda fortemente concentrada em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, a participação da produção científica de pesquisadores de outros estados tem crescido significativamente, especialmente de Minas Gerais.