Hidrólise de celulose por catalisadores mesoestruturados NiO-MCM-41 e MoO3-MCM-41

This study was carried out to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the application of mesoestruturated catalysts MCM-41, 5%MoO3-MCM-41 and 5%NiO-MCM-41 in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. XRD results indicate that the phase of mesoporous MCM-41 was obtained and that the introduction of metal oxides did not affect this mesoporous phase. About the heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction, it was observed that the increase in temperature results in a higher concentration of glucose and the catalyst 5%MoO3-MCM-41 provides the highest concentrations of glucose.

Factors associated with depressive symptoms in a sample of Brazilian medical students

OBJECTIVES: 1 - Verify the prevalence of depressive symptoms in first to fourth-year medical students using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). 2 - Establish correlations between target factors and higher or lower BDI scores. 3 - Investigate the relationship between the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the demand for psychological care offered by the Centro Universitário Lusíada. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of 290 first to fourth-year medical students; implementation of the BDI, socio-demographic survey, and evaluation of satisfaction with progress. RESULTS: The study sample was 59% female and 41% male. Mean BDI was 6.3 (SD 5.8). Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.1%. The following associations were statistically significant (p<0.05): among students for whom the course failed to meet original expectations, who were dissatisfied with the course, or who came from the interior of the State (20.5%, 12.5%, and 24.4% of the total sample, respectively), for 40%, 36.1% and 36.4%, respectively, the BDI was consistent with some degree of depression. CONCLUSION: The study showed that there is higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in medical students than in the general population

Resolubilidade da estratégia saúde da família e unidades básicas de saúde tradicionais: contribuições do Pet-Saúde

O Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) materializa uma política indutora de novas relações entre instituições de ensino de nível superior e a rede assistencial à saúde. A Universidade de São Paulo - Campus de Ribeirão Preto e a Secretaria de Saúde do município, selecionadas pelo PET-Saúde/2009, avaliaram a resolubilidade das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e das Unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), como forma de contribuir para a qualificação da Atenção Básica. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 13 Unidades de Saúde (oito ESF e cinco UBS), com a participação de 216 alunos dos cursos da área da saúde, 30 preceptores (profissionais) da rede pública de saúde e cinco tutores (docentes). Foram coletados dados de 12.494 atendimentos, sendo 7.129 (58,9%) em ESF e 4.963 (41,1%) em UBS, compostos por 4.059 (33,6%) pessoas do sexo masculino e 8.035 (66,4%) do feminino.As UBS referenciaram mais pacientes do que as Unidades de ESF (OR = 1,67; IC 95% 1,46 - 1,90; [p < 0,05]). As especialidades com maior demanda por encaminhamentos foram oftalmologia, cardiologia e ortopedia. A ESF apresenta-se como modelo assistencial com maior resolubilidade, e o PET-Saúde é uma iniciativa importante, considerando-se que estimula a ampliação desse modelo.

Fatores e motivações associados à escolha da especialidade pediatria

Para entender a carência de pediatras em certas regiões do País, objetivamos identificar fatores associados à escolha da Pediatria e a intenção de retorno à cidade de origem. Aplicamos um questionário em uma universidade privada do Rio de Janeiro que usualmente tem metade dos estudantes de Medicina oriundos de outros Estados. Analisaram-se associações entre escolha da Pediatria e características sociodemográficas, intenção de retorno à cidade de origem, influência de terceiros e motivações para a carreira médica, classificadas como "indispensabilidade", "ajuda às pessoas", "ser respeitado" e "interesse científico". Dos 244 internos respondentes, 99 (41%) optaram pela Pediatria. Dos 110 naturais de outros Estados, 56% dos que escolheram Pediatria não tinham intenção de retornar à cidade natal, comparados aos 35% na Clínica Médica (OR = 2,41, IC 95% = 1,04 - 5,59). As motivações "indispensabilidade" (r s = - 0,23; p < 0,000) e "respeito" (r s = - 0,21; p = 0,001) foram negativamente correlacionadas à escolha da Pediatria. O cenário alerta para a possível manutenção da má distribuição de pediatras no País e sugerimos medidas de incentivo ao retorno à cidade natal, já que motivações autocentradas movem menos os candidatos à especialidade.

Anaerobic biodigestion of pigs feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages fed with diets formulated with corn or sorghum

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and the production of biogas and biofertilizer obtained from biodigester supplied with pig feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages, fed with diets formulated based on corn or sorghum. Twenty bench biodigesters were used with hydraulic retention time of 30 days and daily loads that contained 4 to 6% of total solids (TS) and 3.6 to 5.2% of volatile solids (VS). In the effluent of the biodigesters, mean levels of TS were observed ranging between 1.6 and 2.0% and of VS between 1.2 and 1.6%. The mean reductions of TS were 57.7 to 64.7% and of VS from 61.7 to 69.0%, and there was only difference in the finishing phase, in which the major averages reductions were produced by the biodigesters supplied with feces from animals fed with diets based on corn. In biodigesters supplied with feces from animals in the initial and growing stages fed with diets based on corn, were observed higher average productions of biogas and the greatest average potentials of biogas production. The average potentials obtained were 0.033; 0.181; 0.685; 0.788 and 1.132 m³ per kg of affluent, manure, TS added, VS added and VS reduced, respectively. No differences were found on the average content of methane in the biogas between diets and stages. The average concentrations of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the biodigester affluent and effluent, ranged between diets and stages.

Use of alcohol before and after bariatric surgery

OBJECTIVE: to assess alcohol intake in the bariatric surgery pre and postoperative periods. METHODS: Patients were interviewed atSurgery Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - HC/UFPE (Brazil) from July 2011 to March 2012. We analyzed socioeconomic, anthropometric and clinical variables. We used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT C). RESULTS: One hundred nineteen patients were enrolled (mean age: 41.23+11.30 years), with a predominance of the female gender (83.2%), non-Caucasian race (55%), married individuals or in a stable union (65.5%), with a high school education (40.3%)and active in the job market (37%). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were 128.77+25.28Kg and 49.09+9.26Kg/m2,respectively in the preoperative period (class II obesity) and 87.19+19.16Kg and 33.04+6.21Kg/m2, respectively in the postoperative period (class I obesity) (p<0.001). Hypertension was the most frequent disease in the pre (66.6%) and postoperative (36.5%) periods. The prevalence of alcohol use was 26.6% in the preoperative period, of which 2.2% of high risk, and 35.1% in the postoperative period, of which 1.4% of probable dependence; this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p=0.337). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of abusive alcohol intake and/or probable dependence was low in both the pre and postoperative periods, with little evidence of risky consumption among the patients submitted to bariatric surgery.

Fatores associados ao parto vaginal em gestantes de alto risco submetidas à indução do parto com misoprostol

OBJETIVOS: determinar os principais fatores associados ao parto transpelvino em gestantes de alto-risco submetidas à indução do parto com misoprostol vaginal (50 µg). MÉTODOS: trata-se da análise secundária de um ensaio clínico aberto, não randomizado, incluindo 61 gestantes de alto-risco internadas na Enfermaria de Patologia Obstétrica da Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand, em Fortaleza (CE). Todas tinham idade gestacional de mais de 37 semanas, feto único com boa vitalidade e escores de Bishop menores ou iguais a 7. Utilizou-se a dose de 50 µg de misoprostol via vaginal, repetindo-se a cada seis horas, até o máximo de quatro doses. Realizou-se análise uni e multivariada para determinação da associação entre parto vaginal (variável dependente) e variáveis independentes (preditoras), construindo-se curvas ROC para paridade e escores de Bishop. RESULTADOS: encontrou-se associação significativa do parto vaginal com a paridade (um ou mais partos anteriores), escore de Bishop >4 e intervalo entre indução e parto menor que 6 horas, ao passo que a taquissistolia reduziu a chance de parto vaginal. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla para avaliar cada um desses fatores independentemente, persistindo fortemente associados ao parto vaginal o escore de Bishop >4 (OR = 3,3; IC 95% = 2,15-4,45) e a paridade >1 (OR = 5,41; IC 95% = 4,18-6,64). Pela curva ROC para os escores de Bishop e a paridade como determinantes do parto vaginal, encontrou-se um valor preditivo positivo de 100%, com sensibilidade de 63,2%. A área sob a curva foi de 86,8%, significativamente superior a 50% (p=0,023). CONCLUSÕES: os fatores preditivos mais importantes para parto vaginal após indução com misoprostol foram a paridade (um ou mais partos) e escores de Bishop >4. Estes fatores devem ser levados em consideração na escolha de diferentes esquemas e doses de misoprostol, tanto para preparo cervical como indução do parto.

Self-perception of sexual life and associated factors: a population study conducted in women aged 50 or more years

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of women aged 50 years or more who are sexually active and their self-perception with respect to their sexual lives. Associated factors were also assessed. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based, self-reported household survey involving 622 Brazilian women aged 50 years or more. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors were evaluated. The sexual life self-perception was classified as very good, good, fair, poor, or very poor. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, and Poisson multiple regression analysis. Prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. RESULTS: Of the women in this sample, 228 (36.7%) reported having a sexual life and, of these, 53.5% classified it as very good or good, while 46.5% considered it fair, poor, or very poor. The bivariate analysis indicated that being postmenopausal (p=0.025) and using natural remedies to treat the menopause (p=0.035) were factors associated with the woman classifying their sexual lives as fair, poor, or very poor. Multiple regression analysis showed that more women who had used or were currently using natural remedies for the menopause scored their sexual lives as fair, poor, or very poor. CONCLUSIONS: More than half the women aged 50 years or more in this study were not sexually active. A poorer sexual life self-perception was associated with the use of natural remedies to treat menopausal symptoms. This may indicate a need to improve the way in which these women are evaluated and treated. Women's assessment of their own sexual lives may prove a useful tool in clinical practice.

Factors associated with the onset of hypertension in women of 50 years of age or more in a city in Southeastern Brazil

PURPOSE:To evaluate factors associated with hypertension in Brazilian women of 50 years of age or more.METHODS:A cross-sectional population based study using self-reports. A total of 622 women were included. The association between sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors and the woman's age at the onset of hypertension was evaluated. Data were analyzed according to cumulative continuation rates without hypertension, using the life-table method and considering annual intervals. Next, a Cox multiple regression analysis model was adjusted to analyze the occurrence rates of hypertension according to various predictor variables. Significance level was pre-established at 5% (95% confidence level) and the sampling plan (primary sampling unit) was taken into consideration.RESULTS:Median age at onset of hypertension was 64.3 years. Cumulative continuation rate without hypertension at 90 years was 20%. Higher body mass index (BMI) at 20–30 years of age was associated with a higher cumulative occurrence rate of hypertension over time (coefficient=0.078; p<0.001). Being white was associated with a lower cumulative occurrence rate of hypertension over time (coefficient= -0.439; p=0.003), while smoking >15 cigarettes/day was associated with a higher rate over time (coefficient=0.485; p=0.004).CONCLUSION:The results of the present study highlight the importance of weight control in young adulthood and of avoiding smoking in preventing hypertension in women aged ≥50 years.

IgA production, coliforms analysis and intestinal mucosa morphology of piglets that received probiotics with viable or inactivated cells

Two types of probiotics were used in piglets. One product is a mixed culture of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium e Bifidobacterium bifidum. The second product is composed of inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus cells. The piglets received two weekly oral doses for 30 days while a control group did not receive probiotics. All piglets were euthanized at the 30th day of life and the mesenteric lymph nodes, the small intestine, and blood samples were collected. The tissue samples were studied by light microscopy and the blood serum was analyzed by ELISA method. The treatment with the probiotic with viable cells produced higher serum levels of IgA (P<0.05) and more IgA expressing cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes than observed in the inactivated cells treatment or control groups (P<0.05). Also, intestinal villi were longer, crypts were deeper (P<0.05) and fecal coliform count was lower than found in the inactivated product (P<0.05). These results suggest that viable probiotics are more efficient than inactivated probiotics to induce immunostimulation and intestinal modifications in piglets, thus improving their health and development.

Ocorrência e fatores de risco para Chlamydophilaabortus em ovinos e caprinos no estado de Pernambuco

Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar os fatores de risco associados à infecção por Chlamydophila abortus em caprinos e ovinos nas regiões do Litoral/ Zona da Mata e Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram colhidas 290 amostras de soros para pesquisa de anticorpos contra clamídia em 12 propriedades. Para identificar os fatores de risco foram aplicados questionários junto aos proprietários. A freqüência de animais soro-reagentes nos rebanhos estudados foi de 10,3%, sendo 12,0% para caprinos e 8,1% para ovinos, identificando-se 11/12 (91,6%) focos da infecção. Registra-se a primeira ocorrência de anticorpos anti-C. abortus em caprinos no estado de Pernambuco e em ovinos no Brasil. Os fatores de risco associados à infecção em caprinos foram a raça (OR=9,10) e o manejo intensivo (OR=6,41) e para ovinos não foram encontradas associações significativas para nenhum fator analisado. Concluiu-se que a infecção por Chlamydophila sp. encontra-se disseminada em criações de caprinos e ovinos da Zona da Mata e Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. Medidas de controle devem ser implantadas nos criatórios estudados, enfocando principalmente os fatores de risco identificados neste estudo para reduzir a possibilidade de infecção por este agente.

Platelet activation: ultrastructure and morphometry in platelet-rich plasma of horses

This study was conducted to investigate the activation ability of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by pharmacological agents, as well as to verify the need or not of this activation for therapeutic use. The PRP was obtained from four healthy crossbred geldings aged 13 to 16 years (15±1years), and was processed for observation and quantification of the platelet morphology by using the transmission electron microscopy. All PRP samples were activated with 10% calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution, pure bovine thrombin or associated with CaCl2. The control (pure PRP) was not pharmacologically activated. In the pure PRP samples, 49% of the platelets were classified as state of activation uncertain, 41% as resting, 9% as fully activated and 1% as irreversibly damaged. Treatment with 10% CaCl2 provided a distribution of 54% platelets in state of activation uncertain, 24% as fully activated, 20% as resting, and 2% as irreversibly damaged. The platelet morphology of the bovine thrombin treated samples did not fit into classification adopted, as showing irregular shape with emission of large filamentous pseudopods, appearance of ruptured and whole granules in the remaining cytoplasm and extracellular environment. There was effect of the treatment on the platelet morphology (P=0.03). The 10% CaCl2 is an adequate platelet-activating agent. However, in cases the use of PRP under its liquid form is necessary, the use of pure PRP is recommended, since besides presenting an adequate percentage of fully activated platelets it also has significant amount of the resting type, which can be activated by substances found in the injured tissue.

Influence of tail biting on weight gain, lesions and condemnations at slaughter of finishing pigs

The present study assessed the association of tail-biting lesions in finishing pigs with weight gain, occurrence of locomotion or respiratory disorders and abscesses during finishing period, and carcass condemnation at slaughter. The study was carried out on 4 different farms. For each animal with a tail biting lesion, two control pigs were selected. The total number of animals in the study was 312, with 104 of them being tail-bitten. Tail lesions were classified according to the degree of severity into four scores: score 0 -normal tail withou lesion; score 1-3 - increasing lesion severity, and score 4 - healed lesions. Overall, the occurrence of severe tail lesions (score 3) varied from 55 to 73% of tail-bitten pigs among farms. On all farms, healing of tail lesions was observed in 95% to 100% of the animals at the evaluation performed within 41-43 days after the commencement of the study. In two out of the four evaluated farms, pigs with score of 3 showed lower weight gain (P<0.05) compared with score 0 pigs. Before slaughter, the occurrence of locomotion problems and nodules/abscesses was associated (P<0.05) with the presence of tail-biting lesions. At slaughter, tail-biting lesions were associated (P<0.05) with the presence of abscesses, lung lesions (pleuritis and embolic pneumonia) or arthritis in carcasses. Carcass condemnation was associated with the presence of tail-biting lesions (P<0.05). Overall, carcass condemnation rate was 21.4%, of which animals with tail-biting lesions accounted for 66.7% of condemnations. Among the animals diagnosed with cannibalism at farm level, only two had not healed their lesions at slaughter. The fact that there were a lot of carcass condemnations, despite the fact that tail-bitten animals had no more active lesions, suggests that different situations may be observed between the field and slaughter, reinforcing the need to analyze pigs both at farm and slaughter to allow proper assessment of losses related to tail biting. Collectively, the observations of the present study show that complications associated with tail-biting found in slaughterhouses are probably underestimating field prevalence.

The seasonal and ovarian status effects on in vitro production of domestic cat embryos between Equator and Tropic of Capricorn

From the Tropic of Capricorn to Equator, the seasonality of domestic cat is known to be absent, i.e., these animals are considered non-seasonal breeders at these regions. We hypothesized that this particularity might have some influence on in vitro embryo production. The aim of this experiment was to determine the percentage of cleavage and morulae and blastocyst formation produced from oocytes recovered from queen ovaries of three distinct status - follicular, luteal or inactive - during two different reproductive seasons experienced by cats in southeast of Brazil (22°53'09" S and 48°26'42" W) - non breeding season (NBS), comprehending January to March; and breeding season (BS), August to October. Thirty queens were neutered. Ovaries were classified according to their status and were sliced in PBS for cumulus oocyte complex (COC) releasing. Grade I COC were washed three times in H-MEM supplemented with BSA, glutamine, sodium pyruvate, cysteine, streptomycin and penicillin. Oocytes were incubated in groups of 20-30 in 400µL of DMEM supplemented with FSH, LH, estradiol, IGF-I and basic fibroblast growth factor under mineral oil for 30 or 36 hours at 38°C in humidified environment of 5% de O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2. COC were fertilized in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with BSA, cysteine, pyruvate and streptomycin/penicillin (culture medium) with fresh semen selected through swim up technique. Eighteen hours later, the presumptive zygotes were denuded, the percentage of cleavage was determined and every 10 zygotes were transferred to 100mL drops of culture medium for culture during three days. After 72 hours of culture the percentage of morulae formation was evaluated and these structures were transferred to drops of the same culture medium. At the eighth day of culture blastocyst formation was analyzed. During NBS, from a total of 272 (inactive), 162 (luteal) and 134 (follicular) fertilized oocytes, the percentage of cleaved zygotes, morulae and blastocysts derived from inactive ovaries were 24.63, 16.54 and 8.09 respectively; for those derived from luteal ovaries, the percentage was 21.6, 12.96 and 8.64, and for those from follicular ovaries, they were 24.62, 16.41 and 8.21. Considering BS, from a total of 102 (inactive), 198 (luteal) and 86 (follicular) fertilized oocytes, the relative frequency (%) of cleaved zygotes, morulae and blastocysts derived from inactive ovaries were 64.7, 41.17 and 23.53 respectively; for those derived from luteal ovaries, the percentage was 64.14, 40.41 and 23.73, and for those from follicular ovaries, they were 63.95, 39.54 and 24.41. The results of this experiment demonstrate that no statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was verified in the frequency of cleaved embryos and morulae and blastocyst formation when comparing the three ovarian conditions in the same season. However the breeding season presented better results considering cleavage and morulae and blastocyst formation.

Cypsela or achene? Refining terminology by considering anatomical and historical factors

The worry about the indiscriminate use of the terms cypsela and achene for the fruits of Asteraceae has been frequently detached by specialists in this family. The present work was developed aiming to verify the existence of arguments to justify the adoption of a term against the other. After historical and anatomical analysis, we concluded that there is technical basis to consider cypsela and achene as different types of fruits. For Asteraceae, the correct is to call cypsela; achenes are only derived from superior ovaries, as in Plumbaginaceae.