Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni: occurrence of intracellular promastigote forms in vivo and in vitro

Experimental chronic (45-day-old) skin lesion in hamster hind foot induced by Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni infection showed the presence of promastigote forms in the tissue, inside parasitophorous vacuoles, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Experimental in vitro interaction (24 and 48 h) between Leishmania (V.)lainsoni and J774-G8 macrophage cells also demonstrated the same profile. This morphological aspect is unusual, since in this parasite genus only amastigote forms have been described as the resistant and obligate intracellular forms.

Patients' knowledge of Diabetes five years after the end of an educational program

We present a cross-sectional study that aims to describe the sociodemographic and clinical conditions of individuals with diabetes mellitus and to analyze their knowledge of treatment five years after the end of an educational program in which they took part. In 2010, 40 individuals who had participated in a diabetes educational program for 12 months in 2005 at a primary care service were interviewed. A form was used for data collection that included their knowledge of the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; nutrition; foot care; self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose at home; hypoglycemia; chronic complications; special situations; and family support. The results showed that the volunteers incorporated the information about the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; foot care; self-monitoring; care associated with hypoglycemia; chronic complications; and special situations. In contrast, nutrition and family support require further reinforcement. It is concluded that five years after the end of the educational program, the participants kept most of the information provided.

Scientific production on the applicability of phenytoin in wound healing

Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant that has been used in wound healing. The objectives of this study were to describe how the scientific production presents the use ofphenytoinas a healing agent and to discuss its applicability in wounds. A literature review and hierarchy analysis of evidence-based practices was performed. Eighteen articles were analyzed that tested the intervention in wounds such as leprosy ulcers, leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, trophic ulcers, war wounds, burns, preparation of recipient graft area, radiodermatitis and post-extraction of melanocytic nevi. Systemic use ofphenytoinin the treatment of fistulas and the hypothesis of topical use in the treatment of vitiligo were found. In conclusion, topical use ofphenytoinis scientifically evidenced. However robust research is needed that supports a protocol for the use ofphenytoinas another option of a healing agent in clinical practice.

The influence of quality of life in treatment adherence of diabetic patients: a systematic review

AbstractOBJECTIVETo verify the influence of quality of life in treatment adherence of patients with diabetes mellitus.METHODSystematic review of the literature using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science with studies published between 2003 and 2014 in English, Portuguese or Spanish.RESULTSSix studies were included in the review, three were identified as having better quality of life scores, being related to better adherence to diabetes treatment measured by glycated hemoglobin or characteristics related to diet, exercise, use of medication and foot care. No association was found between quality of life and adherence in two investigations and a study found a negative association between these variables.CONCLUSIONThere is causal relationship between quality of life and adherence with diabetes treatment. It is suggested that psychosocial aspects of patients should be considered by health professionals in the search for better clinical outcomes in diabetes care.

Balanço do carbono orgânico no solo sob integração lavoura-pecuária no sul do Brasil

A integração lavoura-pecuária tem apresentado um avanço recente em áreas historicamente utilizadas com pecuária de corte extensiva no sul do Brasil. O inadequado manejo das pastagens de inverno associado ao uso da monocultura da soja no verão podem limitar o aporte de resíduos vegetais ao solo e reduzir os estoques de C orgânico do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do aumento da freqüência de pastejo no inverno e de sistemas de culturas de verão no estoque de C orgânico total do solo (COT). O experimento, realizado por quatro anos sob sistema plantio direto, seguiu um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo bifatorial 3x3, com quatro repetições. O fator A foi constituído por três intervalos de pastejos durante o inverno: sem pastejo (SP), pastejo a cada 28 dias (P28) e pastejo a cada 14 dias (P14). O fator B constou de três sistemas de culturas de verão: monocultura de soja (Mon-S), monocultura de milho (Mon-M) e rotação anual de soja e milho (Rot-S/M). Foram quantificadas as adições de C ao solo via resíduos vegetais e os estoques de COT do solo segundo os métodos de camada e massa equivalentes de solo. O aumento da freqüência de pastejo diminuiu o aporte de C oriundo das pastagens de inverno de 5,3 Mg ha-1 no tratamento SP, para 1,7 e 1,3 Mg ha-1 nos tratamentos P28 e P14, respectivamente. O milho foi a cultura que proporcionou o maior aporte de C ao solo, com uma média de 6,0 Mg ha-1, enquanto a soja adicionou apenas 2,2 Mg ha-1. Os estoques de C orgânico calculados com base em camadas equivalentes de solo foram superestimados nos tratamentos P14 e P28 e subestimados no tratamento SP em comparação aos resultados obtidos com base nas massas equivalentes de solo, que foram utilizados para comparação dos sistemas de manejo. Os estoques de C orgânico nas camadas de 0-0,025, 0,025-0,05 e 0,05-0,10 m foram linearmente relacionados à adição anual de C pelas culturas (pastagem + culturas anuais), sendo necessária a adição de 4,48 Mg ha-1 ano-1 para a manutenção do estoque original de C orgânico da camada de 0-0,10 m. A baixa adição de C ao solo pelos resíduos vegetais no tratamento P14 resultou numa emissão líquida estimada de C para a atmosfera (0,05 a 0,27 Mg ha-1 ano-1 ), enquanto o solo no tratamento SP atuou como um dreno de C atmosférico (0,19 a 0,30 Mg ha-1 ano-1). No tratamento P28, o comportamento do solo como fonte ou dreno de C dependeu do sistema de cultura de verão, tendo sido estimada uma emissão líquida de C do solo sob Mon-S (0,04 Mg ha-1 ano-1 ) e uma retenção líquida de C sob Mon-M (0,15 Mg ha-1 ano-1 ) e Rot-S/M (0,11 Mg ha-1 ano-1 ). O maior intervalo entre pastejos, durante o inverno, associado à utilização do milho no verão contribuiu para maiores adições de resíduos vegetais e acúmulo de C orgânico no solo.

Conservation of 'Pedro Sato' guavas under treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene

The search for techniques that extend shelf life of guava (Psidium guajava) fruits, and reduce its postharvest losses is desirable. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of concentrations of competitive ethylene antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on conservation of 'Pedro Sato' guava fruits. Treatments consisted of 0, 100, 300 or 900 nL L-1 of 1-MCP for 3 hours followed by storage at 25ºC, and 10ºC with 90±5% RH. The application of 900 nL L-1 1-MCP for 3 hours was efficient in delaying loss of skin color, and in keeping fruit firmness at both storage temperatures. The 300 nL L-1 of 1-MCP concentration was efficient in delaying skin color loss only when fruits were stored at 10ºC. The effect of 1-MCP was quite significant on the reduction of rot incidence at both storage temperatures. The respiratory rate was lower in fruits treated with 300 and 900 nL L-1 of 1-MCP during storage at 25ºC. The product was efficient in delaying the ripening of fruits, and the concentration of 900 nL L-1 showed the best effect.

Mycelial compatibility and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the United States

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the USA, assess their aggressiveness variability, and verify the existence of an isolate-cultivar interaction. Isolate variability was determined by mycelial compatibility grouping (MCG), and isolate aggressiveness by cut-stem inoculations of soybean cultivars. Two experiments for MCGs and two for aggressiveness were conducted with two sets of isolates. The first set included nine isolates from the same soybean field in Brazil and nine from the Midwest region of the USA. The second set included 16 isolates from several regions of Brazil and one from the USA. In the first set, 18 isolates formed 12 different MCGs. In the second set, 81% of the isolates from Brazil grouped into a single MCG. No common MCGs were observed among isolates from Brazil and the USA. The isolates showed aggressiveness differences in the first set, but not in the second. Although aggressiveness differed in the first set, soybean cultivars and isolates did not interact significantly. Cultivar rank remained the same, regardless of the genetic diversity, aggressiveness difference, and region or country of origin of the isolate. Results from screening of soybean cultivars, performed by the cut-stem method in the USA, can be used as reference for researchers in Brazil.

Effect of preharvest spraying with thidiazuron on fruit quality and maturity of apples

Apple trees, cultivars Gala and Fuji, were sprayed at full bloom with thidiazuron (TDZ) at the doses of 0, 5, 10, or 20 g (a.i.) ha-1 and fruit were assessed for quality and maturity. In both cultivars, the increase of TDZ dose had detrimental effects on fruit quality, causing a reduction of fruit red surface and an increase of percentage of fruit that was asymmetrical and with calyx-end rot. TDZ caused an increment of calyx-end aperture that might have increased calyx-end rot. TDZ increased density and the length : diameter (L : D) ratio of the fruit. The number of viable seeds was not affected by TDZ. TDZ resulted in a substantial delay of fruit maturity in 'Gala' but not in 'Fuji'. TDZ also reduced soluble solids content (SSC) in 'Gala' and reduced titratable acidity in both cultivars.

Apple biological and physiological disorders in the orchard and in postharvest according to production system

The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of biological and physiological disorders in the field and postharvested apples cvs. Gala, Fuji and Catarina grown in four production systems: conventional, organic transition, integrated and organic. Apples were evaluated for damages related to biological and physiological disorders in the orchard and after harvest. The greatest damages were attributed to pests, especially Anastrepha fraterculus in the organic system and Grapholita molesta in the organic transition. Apples produced in organic orchards had higher damage levels caused by postharvest physiological disorders than those grown in other production systems. For apples becoming from organic orchards most of the damage was due to lenticels breakdown and degeneration ('Gala'), and bitter pit ('Fuji' and 'Catarina'). The incidence of postharvest rot was not influenced by apple production system.

Novas tendências para o tratamento de resíduos industriais contendo espécies organocloradas

The toxic character of organochloride compounds, their habitual presence in many industrial effluents, and mainly the low efficiency of the current remediation processes, are important aspects that have been promoted to study new degrading technologies. Among the great number of new physical and chemical alternatives, the photochemical and electrochemical processes have been played an important role, mainly due to their high degradation capacity through relatively low-cost procedures. In these contexts biological processes, the use of white-rot fungi, or even ligninolytic enzymes produced from them, are also very promising alternatives. However, the necessity of long reaction time and the high cost of the enzyme production process are some of the drawbacks that difficult the definitive consolidation of these processes.

Atividade antiinflamatória de carboidrato produzido por fermentação aquosa de grãos de quefir

Kefir, a symbiont microorganism suspension, presents benefic effects to health. Some kefir grains were cultivated in brown sugar, allowing to isolate a substance named CSQ. This was evaluated on a biologic essay of mouse foot edema, presenting an inhibitory activity of 30+4 % against carrageenan after the stimulus. It was observed that a cultivation mean containing sucrose, and not the milky mean, lead to the production of different sugar polymeric chains of kefir. The results in vivo suggest that the CSQ exerted an anti-inflammatory activity.

Uma visão sobre a estrutura, composição e biodegradação da madeira

Wood is the main raw material used in the pulp and paper industry. It is a material that presents heterogeneous structure and complex composition, which results in a relatively resistant material to the biodegradation process. In the present review, we attempted to summarize the structural characteristics of wood and describe the chemical nature of its major components to, afterwards, comment about its biodegradation. The role of the enzyme manganese peroxidase in the lignin degradation by a selective white-rot fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, was highlighted.

Mancha foliar e podridão de frutos da acerola causadas por Calonectria ilicicola

A new leaf spot and fruit rot disease is reported on barbados cherry (Malpighia glabra), occurring in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, caused by the fungus Calonectria ilicicola.

Phomopsis sp. causando podridão em frutos de bacurizeiro

A fruit rot detected in "bacurizeiro" (Platonia insignis) was demonstrated to be caused by Phomopsis sp.

Rhizoctonia zeae causando podridão em milho no estado do Pará

The occurrence of corn rot caused by Rhizoctonia zeae is reported for the first time in the State of Pará, Brazil.