181 resultados para Monitoramento térmico


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tratamento térmico na coloração de frutos de lichia. Os frutos foram tratados por 0; 5; 10; 15; 20 e 25 minutos de imersão em água a 45ºC, embalados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido e filme de policloreto de vinila 0,020mm e armazenados em B.O.D. a 5ºC e 90±5 % de UR. O delineamento experimental foi em esquema inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tempos de armazenamento para as análises de coloração e enzimática, e até atingirem o limite de comercialização para a análise da vida útil, sendo os frutos analisados a cada 3 dias, com 3 repetições e 10 frutos por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: análise visual do escurecimento, coloração e atividade específica da polifenol oxidase e da peroxidase. Os tratamentos usando 5 e 10 minutos de imersão foram os que apresentaram melhores resultados na manutenção da coloração dos frutos e na diminuição da atividade enzimática.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O experimento foi instalado no município de Aparecida do Rio Doce-GO, no sudoeste Goiano, durante os anos de 2007 e 2008, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento fenológico, bem como o requerimento térmico em diferentes épocas de poda: (1) 09-07-07, (2) 28-09-07, (3) 03-03-08 e (4) 19-04-08. Avaliou-se a duração, em dias, dos estádios fenológicos: poda até gemas inchadas; gemas inchadas (gema algodão) a início de brotação (ponta verde); brotação a 5 - 6 folhas separadas; 5 - 6 folhas separadas ao início do florescimento; início do florescimento ao pleno florescimento, pleno florescimento a "chumbinho"; "chumbinho" a "ervilha"; "ervilha" a ½ baga; ½ baga à início da maturação e início da maturação até plena maturação. Os requerimentos térmicos foram obtidos em termos de graus-dia (GD) necessários para atingir os seguintes subperíodos: poda a brotação, brotação a floração e floração a colheita. A duração do ciclo foi de 127; 130; 163 e 161 dias para as épocas de podas 1; 2; 3 e 4, respectivamente, sendo que, nas épocas 1 e 2, a colheita foi antecipada em 32 dias em relação às demais. Os períodos compreendidos entre início e final de maturação, ½ baga a início da maturação; "ervilha" a ½ baga apresentaram a maior duração nas 4 épocas de poda. O maior e o menor requerimento térmico, considerando temperaturas-base de 10 e 12 °C, foram registrados para as podas de julho (menor ciclo) e de abril (segundo maior ciclo) com 2.214,5 e 1.911,5 GD e 1.960,3 e 1.638,3 GD, respectivamente.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O mercado consumidor está exigindo alimentos sem a presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o controle do bolor verde, em laranjas-Pera, com agentes de biocontrole (Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis (QST 713)), associados ou não ao tratamento térmico. Para tanto, os frutos foram adquiridos em "packinghouse" antes do processamento, sendo lavados e desinfestados com hipoclorito de sódio. Os frutos submetidos a esses tratamentos foram armazenados, por 11 a 28 dias, em temperatura de 10 ºC e UR 90%±5 ou por oito dias a 20 ºC e UR 90%±5. De modo geral, o tratamento térmico reduziu a severidade da doença determinada pela área abaixo da curva do progresso da doença nos frutos e a incidência natural de doenças em pós-colheita de laranja-Pera. Por outro lado, os agentes de biocontrole não controlaram a doença, mostrando que os organismos testados não apresentaram atividade curativa contra o bolor verde.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Estudaram-se oito tratamentos quanto à eficiência de banhos hidrotérmicos com ou sem adição de produtos químicos na conservação da qualidade de lichias acondicionadas em bandejas de PET com tampa (BT) e cobertas com filme de PVC de 15 µm (BF), sendo submetidas a banhos hidrotérmicos, tais como:T1-BT e T2-BF - sem tratamento; T3-BT- água a 55ºC por 20 s; T4-BF- água a 55ºC por 20 s; T5-BT- água a 55ºC por 10 s e em ácido cítrico 60% por 10 s; T6-BF- água a 55ºC por 10 s e banho de ácido cítrico 60% por 10 s ; T7-BT- ácido cítrico 60% por 20 s; T8-BF-ácido cítrico 60% por 20 s. Avaliaram-se as principais alterações físicas, químicas, sensoriais e presença de doença em lichias armazenadas a 4ºC e a 25ºC. De forma geral, ao final do estudo, as lichias ficaram ligeiramente menos ácidas, com leve aumento no pH e com discreta redução de sólidos solúveis, e após dois dias a 25ºC todos os tratamentos apresentaram infestação por fungos.Os tratamentos T5, T6, T7 e T8 foram considerados inaceitáveis (>4) a partir de 15 dias; T1, T2, T3 e T4 aceitáveis até 21 dias, pela avaliação visual. Quanto à manutenção da cor vermelha, os melhores tratamentos foram T1 e T4. O tratamento T2 apresentou os maiores valores de firmeza da casca, mostrando que o filme de PVC protegeu contra a perda de firmeza, de umidade e ao murchamento. A menor perda de massa foi nos tratamentos T6 e T8 (0,4%), ambos com filme de PVC, e a maior perda de massa foi nas amostras T5 (5,6%) acondicionadas nas bandejas perfuradas, além de apresentar menor firmeza na casca.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The compounds 5-nitro-8-quinolinol and 5,7-dinitro-8-quinolinol were obtained by nitration of the chelant 8-quinolinol. The compounds were characterized through EA, MNR, XRD, IR, TG, DTA and DSC. It was verified through thermal analysis that the compounds show consecutive processes of sublimation, fusion and vaporization. During the vaporization process, partial thermal decomposition was observed, with formation of carbonaceous residues. Considering a slower heating rate, the sublimation is the prevalent process to the nitro-derivatives while the vaporization is the main process to 8-quinolinol. The thermal stability follows the decreasing order from 5,7-dinitro-8-quinolinol to 5-nitro-8-quinolinol to 8-quinolinol.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tetrahydroborate complexes of copper (I) with bidentate phosphines, [Cu(eta²-BH4)(dppm)] (1), [Cu(eta²-BH4)(dppe)] (2), [Cu(eta²-BH4)(cis-dppet)] (3) and [Cu(eta²-BH4)(dppb)] (4) (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane; cis-dppet = 1,2-cis(diphenylphosphino)ethene; dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and thermogravimetric analysis. The IR data for 1-4 showed bands typical of a bidentate coordination of BH4 group to the copper atom and the 31P{¹H} NMR spectra indicated that the phosphorous atoms are chelating the metal centre. The thermal behavior of the compounds was investigated and suggested that their thermal stability is influenced by the phosphines. Their thermal stability decreased as follows: [Cu(eta²-BH4)(dppe)] (2) > [Cu(eta²-BH4)(dppm)] (1) > [Cu(eta²-BH4)(dppb)] (4) > [Cu(eta²-BH4)(cis-dppet)] (3). According to thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction patterns all compounds decomposed giving Cu(BO2)2, CuO, CuO2 and Cu as final products.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Well-ordered kaolinite from the Brazilian Amazon Region (State of Pará) was initially reacted at 60 °C with a water dimethylsulfoxide mixture. After washing and characterisation, the resulting material was washed several times with methanol and in the final step with water. The water molecules displace the previously dimethylsulfoxide intercalated molecules and two different hydrated kaolinites were obtained. An unstable phase characterized by an interplanar basal distance of 0,996 nm that after drying collapse to the stable 0,844 nm hydrated kaolinite. The dehydration of the sample to disordered kaolinite was accompanied by Powder X-ray Diffractometry, thermal analysis (simultaneous TG and DSC) and FTIR spectroscopy.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The article shows how the monitoring of the water quality can be utilized in an inter-disciplinary pedagogical project involving Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Microbiology making the apprenticeship more dynamic and consolidating the link between the student and the community.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work we describe an experiment for the thermal cracking of octane and heptane and the qualitative analyses of the products using the Baeyer test for unsaturated compounds and gas chromatographic analyses. The experiment is very simple and requires one period of two hours and is suitable for undergraduate organic chemistry experimental courses.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This article presents an evaluation of the pollution of river water by herbicides used in the culture of irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Firstly, a theoretical evaluation was made using the approaches suggested by EPA-USA, the "Groundwater Ubiquity Score" index and the Goss method to estimate the pollution possibilities. Afterwards, a monitoring program was established for the rivers of the area from 2001 to 2003 to investigate the presence of herbicide residues. The results indicate that the herbicides clomazone and propanil are the ones with larger presence and frequency in the analyzed samples. The theoretical forecast was confirmed by the results of the monitoring program.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study is a result of undergraduate student participation in the Environmental Chemistry discipline provided by the Chemistry Institute/UFBA. The students were involved in the development of passive samplers, a project of the LAQUAM (Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory). The students' residences and other neighborhoods were used to create a passive sampling network, allowing the measurement of atmospheric levels of pollutants in urban areas and in those under industrial influence. The assembly of the passive samplers, including impregnation of filters and chemical analysis were part of the students' practice tasks. The results were analyzed taking into consideration the Brazilian legislation.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The presence of residues of the major groups of pesticides (organohalogen, organophosphorous, pyrethroids and organonitrogen) in representative samples of honey produced in Bauru (state of São Paulo, Brazil) was investigated from 1999 through2004. A multiresidue method was applied to honey samples to determine 48 pesticides with recoveries ranging from 76 to 95%. The limits of detection found were lower than 10 µg/kg for GC-MS-SIM. The results indicated that most pesticides found in the samples belonged to the organohalogen and organonitrogen groups. Residues of malathion were detected in almost all of the samples in high concentration.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A comparison between silica by acid leaching of rice husk (RH) and silica obtained from thermal treatment of rice husk ash (RHA) is presented. The best leaching results were obtained using 10% hydrochloric acid followed by washing with water. The alternative method, calcination of RHA at 700 ºC for 6 h followed by grinding for 80 min, was more effective. Silica obtained from RH was about 97% amorphous, had a 17.37 µm mean particle size, and a specific surface area of 296 m²/g. On the other hand, for silica obtained from RHA the values were about 95% amorphous material 0.68 µm, and 81 m²/g.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Electrochemical sensors have attracted considerable attention in recent years because they provide data about the chemical state of our surroundings and the dynamics of the chemical transformations in the form a spatially resolved image. Particular interest has been directed to measurements in restricted-volume samples as new technologies enable the fabrication of miniaturized versions of sensors with reproducible characteristics. Taking these aspects into consideration, this review focuses on the use of electrodes of micrometer dimensions to acquire chemical information in microdomains in which concentrations may not be spatially homogeneous. This is possible because microelectrodes allow fast-response measurements with micrometer resolution to be performed. On the other hand, the use of microelectrodes as amperometric sensors presents an inherent drawback owing to the insufficient specificity toward the substrate of interest. Hence, some comments on strategies to enhance the selectivity of amperometric sensors are also made. Finally, recent applications of structurally microscopic electrodes as in vivo sensors are shown, as well as a prospect of the future trend in this field.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work we describe both a chromatographic purification procedure and a spot test for the enzyme peroxidase (POD: EC 1.11.1.7). The enzyme was obtained from crude extracts of sweet potatoes and the chromatographic enzyme purification procedure resulted in several fractions. Therefore a simple, fast and economic spot test for monitoring peroxidase during the purification procedure was developed. The spot test is based on the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol, which is catalyzed by the presence of peroxidase yielding the colored tetraguaiacol.