Perda química de carbono e cinética do crescimento celular em cultivos de Spirulina

Photosynthetic microorganism cultures, such as microalgae, represent one of the alternatives for fossil CO2 emissions mitigation. Carbon supply is the major cost component in microalgal cultures. Aiming to enhance the dissolved inorganic carbon uptake efficiency in microalgal cultures, Spirulina sp LEB-18 was cultivated in mediums containing NaHCO3 concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 100 g L-1. Results indicated that lower dissolved inorganic carbon concentratios (2.8 g L-1 NaHCO3) produce higher growth parameters (Xmax = 0.75 g L-1; Pmax = 0.145 g L-1 d-1; µmax = 0.254 d-1) and lower carbon losses (13.61%). At 50 g L-1 of NaHCO3 cell growth was inhibited and carbon losses reached 38.73%.

Determinação da relação siringila/guaiacila da lignina em madeiras de eucalipto por pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas (PI CG/EM)

The use of analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G) in lignins from Eucalyptus spp woods was investigated. Sample of E. grandis and "E. urograndis" wood, with and without extractives, were subjected to pyrolysis from 300 ºC to 600 ºC. The products that results from pyrolysis were identified by mass spectrometry and the S/G ratio was determined based on the areas of the peaks corresponding to the guaiacyl and syringyl derivatives. The best S/G estimation is achieved when pyrolysis is carried out at 550 ºC. Extractives and carbohydrate present in the woods do not interfere with the results.

Branqueamento de polpa celulósica kraft de eucalipto com peróxido ácido ativado por molibdênio

Optimum conditions to run the P Mo stage for bleaching eucalyptus kraft pulp were 90 ºC, pH 3.5, 2 h, 0.1 kg/t Mo and 5 kg/t H2O2. The P Mo stage efficiency increased with decreasing pH (1.5-5.5) and increasing temperature (75-90 ºC), time (2-4 h), and hydrogen peroxide (3-10 kg/t) and molybdenum concentration (0.1-0.4 kg/t). The implementation of the P Mo stage, as replacement for the A stage, decreased total active chlorine demand of the OAZDP sequence by 6 kg/t to reach 90% ISO, both in laboratory and mill scale. Such practice resulted in decreased bleaching chemical costs to produce fully bleached pulp of 90% ISO.

Crescimento de cristais de rubi e safira pelo método do fluxo

This work reports the growth of corundum crystals by the flux method. The main objective was the evaluation of versatility, effectiveness and real possibilities of the flux method to the synthesis and doping of monocrystals with impurities of particular interest. In this work the chosen impurities were i) Cr and ii) Fe and Ti, aiming the synthesis of rubies and sapphires, respectively. The crystals were grown by heating a mixture of Al2O3:Cr or Al2O3:Fe:Ti and flux (MoO3). The maximum crystal size obtained was 1.0 mm, all transparent, presenting well developed faces, bipiramidal hexagonal shape, and showing a typical red (ruby) and/or light blue (sapphire) color. EDX and XPD experiments were performed in order to characterize some of the synthesized crystals. All crystallized specimens presented the α-alumina atomic structure.

Análise comparativa entre vários métodos de quantificação de hemiceluloses da madeira de eucalipto

Pulp hemicelluloses can be extracted with NaOH and quantified by colorimetric and gravimetric techniques. However the most usual methods to measure eucalyptus pulp hemicelluloses have been through the pentosan method or through xylan analyses by GC or HPLC techniques. In this study a comparison was made between the more traditional methods and indirect method of NaOH 5% extraction followed by colorimetric analyses. It was observed that the content of NaOH 5% extract correlates very well with pulp xylan content and reasonably well with the pentosan content. It is concluded that the 5% NaOH solubility method can be used in replacement of the other two, since it is faster, simpler and less costly to carry out than the others.

Determinação de constituintes químicos em madeira de eucalipto por Pi-CG/EM e calibração multivariada: comparação entre redes neurais artificiais e máquinas de vetor suporte

Multivariate models were developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Least Square - Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) for estimating lignin siringyl/guaiacyl ratio and the contents of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin in eucalyptus wood by pyrolysis associated to gaseous chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results obtained by two calibration methods were in agreement with those of reference methods. However a comparison indicated that the LS-SVM model presented better predictive capacity for the cellulose and lignin contents, while the ANN model presented was more adequate for estimating the hemicelluloses content and lignin siringyl/guaiacyl ratio.

Uso da técnica HRICP-MS na avaliação dos isótopos de boro em eucalipto

The 10B isotope tracer technique is essential to study the B mobility in plants. Factors that can influence the quality of measured B isotope ratios were optimized experimentally using High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HRICP-MS). An isotopically certified standard (NIST SRM-951) was used. The best combination was obtained using a resolution of 400, a RF power of 1250 W, followed by 15 measurements over a 10-s integration period each (15*10). Utilizing this approach it was possible to obtain a precision of 0.3 % in standard material and 2z % in the experimental samples. The results show the importance of establishing optimized work conditions before carrying out the analytical series.

Síntese, caracterização e estudo da atividade inibitória de novas dialquilfosforilarilidrazonas sobre o crescimento de tripanossomatídeos

A new series of dialkylphosphorylhydrazones was synthesized through the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with different phosphorylhydrazines. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 31P-NMR spectroscopies. The in vitro investigation of the activity of these compounds against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and epimastigotes of T. cruzi, showed an efficient inhibition of proliferation, at non toxic concentrations to mammalian cells. The results have shown some derivatives as potential antiparasitic agents against trypanosomatids.

Influência dos precursores de prata no crescimento de nanopartículas metálicas em vidros óxidos de metais pesados

In this work we report a systematic study on the influence of the chemical nature of silver precursors on the formation of glass-ceramics from oxide glasses. Thermal, structural and optical properties were analyzed as a function of the glass composition. Controlled crystallization was achieved by thermal treatment of the samples above glass transition. The influence of time of treatment on both nanoparticle growth and optical properties of the samples was studied by transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. Results showed that only glasses containing AgCl and AgNO3 led to glass-ceramics growth after thermal treatment.

INFLUÊNCIA DO CONTEÚDO DE XILANAS NA BRANQUEABILIDADE, PROPRIEDADES HIGROSCÓPICAS, FISICO-MECÂNICAS E ÓPTICA DE POLPAS BRANQUEADAS DE EUCALIPTO

Bleached eucalypt kraft pulps are widely used in print and writing (P&W) and tissue paper manufacture. Among the quality requirements of pulp for these papers, xylan content has been controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of xylan content on bleachability, hygroscopic, physic-mechanical and optical properties of the pulp. In this study industrial unbleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (15.6% xylans) treated with different NaOH loads to change its xylan content was used. Subsequently, pulps were bleached by the ODHT(EP)D sequence to achieve 90% ISO of brightness, then refined and submitted to hygroscopic, physicomechanical and optical tests. NaOH treatments decreased the xylan content to 14.5-5.9% using NaOH loads of 10-70 g L-1. Pulp bleachability was not significantly affected by xylan content decrease. The decrease in xylan content negatively affected the water retention value and Klemm capillarity of the pulp, while water absorption capacity was positively affected. Tensile and tear index were negatively influenced by the reduction in xylan content, whereas bulk and light scattering coefficient increased.

Etiologia do oídio do eucalipto

Compararam-se isolados de Oidium sp. obtidos de mudas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp.) com isolados de Erysiphe cichoracearum, originário de dália, e Sphaerotheca pannosa de roseira (Rosa sp.), por meio de características morfológicas. Com base nas características morfológicas (fase anamórfica) do tubo germinativo, do micélio, do apressório, de conidióforos e conídios e na presença de corpos de fibrosina, concluiu-se que o isolado de Oidium, obtido de eucalipto é similar ao de roseira, descrito como S. pannosa. Inoculações dos isolados do fungo originários de todos os hospedeiros estudados, indicaram que S. pannosa, obtido de roseira, e E. cichoracearum, de dália (Dahlia sp.), foram patogênicos a mudas de Eucalyptus pellita, uma das espécies mais suscetíveis a esta doença, em condições de casa de vegetação.

Germinação de conídios de Sphaerotheca pannosa obtidos de eucalipto

Estudou-se a germinação de conídios de Sphaerotheca pannosa em diferentes meios-suporte sob diferentes regimes de umidade relativa, fotoperíodo e temperatura. Às 24 h da incubação, avaliou-se a germinação em ágar-água, lâmina de vidro e folha destacada, sob condições de câmara úmida. Não se constatou germinação de conídios em lâmina de vidro escavada, ou placas de Petri, na presença de água livre. A germinação do patógeno foi favorecida por umidade relativa próxima a 100%, fotoperíodo de 12 h, com exposição inicial à luz e temperaturas de 20 a 25 ºC.

Crescimento, esporulação e virulência do inóculo de Cercospora piaropi, agente de biocontrole do aguapé

O presente ensaio foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de biomassa micelial bem como a esporulação de Cercospora piaropi, nos meios líquidos V8, ETD (Extrato de Tomate Diluído) e BD (Batata - Dextrose), em períodos de cultivo de 96, 120, 144 e 168 h, sob agitação constante. Adicionalmente foi avaliado o efeito de períodos de desidratação da biomassa micelial (24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 h) sobre a esporulação. Os inóculos obtidos foram avaliados quanto à severidade da doença em plantas de aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes). De acordo com os resultados, o meio ETD proporcionou maior crescimento micelial em relação aos meios BD e V8, destacando-se o período de 144 h de agitação. Entretanto, o meio V8 induziu esporulação superior do patógeno, quando cultivado por 120 h. Os inóculos obtidos nos meios V8 e ETD causaram maiores valores de severidade da doença. O período de desidratação da biomassa micelial a partir de 72 h favoreceu maior produção de conídios. Não houve efeito do período de desidratação sobre a severidade da doença.