Distribui����o de Hg total e suas associa����es com diferentes suportes geoqu��micos em sedimentos marinhos da margem continental brasileira: Bacia de Campos - Rio de Janeiro

Mercury distribution and geochemical support on the Continental Margin was evaluated at the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The average concentrations for all analyzed elements were, respectively, 20 �� 5 ng g-1 (Hg); 30 �� 14 mg g-1 (Al); 16 �� 6 mg g-1 (Fe), and 254 �� 83 ��g g-1 (Mn). Silt and clay content, total carbonate and Hg, and organic carbon increased with depth. Finally, the relationship between Hg and silt clay showed significant positive correlation. Total Hg concentrations are the background level described primarily (~40 ng g-1).

Bioconcentra����o e biomagnifica����o de metilmerc��rio na ba��a de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro

Methylmercury was determined in water and aquatic biota from Guanabara Bay. Trophic transfer of methylmercury was observed between trophic levels from prey (microplankton, mesoplankton and fish with different feeding habits) to top predator (pelagic demersal fish). Top predator fish presented the highest methylmercury concentrations (320.3 �� 150.7 mg kg-1 dry wt.), whereas microplankton presented the lowest (8.9 �� 3.3 mg kg-1 dry wt.). The successive amplification of methylmercury concentrations and its bioconcentration factor with increasing trophic levels from base to top indicate that biomagnification may be occurring along the food web. Results suggest the importance of feeding habits and trophic level in the bioaccumulation of methylmercury by aquatic biota.

Concep����es sobre curr��culo de formadores de professores: o curso de licenciatura em Qu��mica do Instituto de Qu��mica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

In this paper, we discussed the conceptions of curriculum of teachers' trainers from de course of Chemistry from de Chemistry Institute and from the Education School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. We understand that the curriculum results from a social construction, so, we intent to comprehend how happen the constitution of the course's curriculum, based on documents and interviews with the subjects of the research. The study showed that there were competitions for status, resources and territories between the Chemistry Institute and the Education School when the course was created, as well as there were internal competitions in the creation of the disciplines depending on the department of origin of the teachers.

Chlorophenols in tap water from wells and surface sources in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: method validation and analysis

Two analytical methods were validated for determination of trichlorophenols, tetrachlorophenols and pentachlorophenol in drinking water. Limits of quantification were at least ten times lower than maximum permissible levels set by the Brazilian legislation, which are 200 ng mL-1 for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 9 ng mL-1 for pentachlorophenol. Chlorophenol levels were determined in tap water collected in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol residues were detected in 36% of the samples, varying from 0.008 to 0.238 ng mL-1. All other analytes were below the limit of quantification. The validated methods showed to be suitable for application in routine quality control.

Fluxos de ��xido nitroso em solos com cobertura de Floresta Ombr��fila Densa Montana na Serra dos ��rg��os, Rio de Janeiro

Soil fluxes of N2O were determined over one year in montane tropical rainforest of southeastern Brazil with average annual rainfall of 2.8 m. Annual mean (�� standard deviation) and median N2O fluxes were 3.0 �� 1.4 and 2.7 ��g N m-2 h-1, respectively, is 5-10 times lower than mean values reported in literature for tropical rainforest soils in the Amazon basin. N2O fluxes varied spatially and seasonally, were about twice as high during summer as in winter, and significantly influenced by both monthly precipitation and soil temperature.

Impacto ambiental de kart��dromos situados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: monitoramento de BTEX no ar e do n��vel de ru��do

In this work, noise and aromatic hydrocarbons levels of indoor and outdoor karting circuits located in Rio de Janeiro were assessed. The sampling was perfomed using active charcoal cartridges, followed by solvent desorption and analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. This study demonstrated that the karting circuits, venues for entertainment, were a major source of air pollution with the detection of considerable amounts of these compounds (2.0 to 19.7 ��g m-3 of benzene; 4.1 to 41.1 ��g m-3 of toluene; 2.8 to 36.2 ��g m-3 of ethylbenzene; 0.7 to 36.2 ��g m-3 of xylenes) and high noise levels.

Orange rust in sugarcane: molecular identification in Rio de Janeiro State

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivation is one of the major agricultural activities in the Brazilian states. This study aimed to molecularly identify the pathogen associated with rust in sugarcane cultivars in the state of Rio de Janeiro and to suggest a control strategy. Among the 14 PCR-tested cultivars, Puccinia kuehnii infection was identified for RB947520, RB92606, RB835486, RB72454, SP89-11I5, SP83-2847, both from infected leaf sample and from urediniospores. Puccinia kuehnii was not detected by PCR for the cultivars RB955971, RB951541, RB92579, RB867515, RB855536, SP91-1049, SP80-3280, SP80-1816. This is the first molecular detection of this fungus in the state of Rio de Janeiro for six of the 14 analyzed cultivars.

Influence of pioneer-species combinations on restoration of disturbed ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The analysis of species composition and its effects on sustainability restoration processes in the Atlantic Forest with poor environmental attributes is important to improve rehabilitation techniques for disturbed ecosystems. Reforestation projects were used as Biological Measures (BM) of rehabilitation, where treatments differ in the composition of exotic species, utilized as anthropic pioneers: BM1 - 82% (73% Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth, 9% Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.); BM2 - 91% (9%, 82%); and BM3 - 25% (15%, 10%). The monitoring of spontaneous regeneration was evaluated in three 12-year-old reforestation sites between thr rainy season of 2004 and 2005, and compared with an approximately 100-year-old native forest fragment and a grassland: ecosystems with inertial tendency toward recuperation and degradation, respectively. It was detected that exotic species used as anthropic pioneers strongly influenced regeneration: BM1 (75%), BM2 (85%), BM3 (55%), Forest (0%) and Grassland (50%). The highest similarity of species with forest regeneration (5%) was found for treatment BM3.

Morfometria de microbacias do C��rrego Rico, afluente do Rio Mogi-Gua��u, Estado de S��o Paulo, Brasil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as caracter��sticas morfom��tricas das microbacias (2��, 3��, 4�� e 5�� ordens de magnitude) da bacia hidrogr��fica do c��rrego Rico, sub-bacia do Rio Mogi-Gua��u, localizada na regi��o administrativa de Ribeir��o Preto, Estado de S��o Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, foram determinados os par��metros f��sicos e a configura����o topogr��fica natural do sistema de drenagem. Os procedimentos para a obten����o dos dados foram fundamentados em t��cnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento. A partir da vetoriza����o das cartas topogr��ficas correspondentes �� ��rea de estudo, realizou-se a an��lise morfom��trica quanto ��s caracter��sticas dimensionais, do padr��o de drenagem e do relevo no sistema de informa����o geogr��fica ArcView. A microbacia �� considerada de sexta ordem de magnitude, com ��rea estimada de 542 km��, com 85 microbacias de segunda ordem, 22 de terceira, sete de quarta ordem e duas de quinta. Utilizando o crit��rio geom��trico, na disposi����o fluvial das sub-bacias de cabeceiras observou-se a predomin��ncia dos modelos dendr��ticos e subdendr��ticos, enquanto a jusante predominava o modelo subparalelo, respectivamente, nas ��reas de ocorr��ncias dos arenitos Bauru e rochas efusivas b��sicas.

Heterogeneidade flor��stica das fitocenoses de restingas nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Esp��rito Santo, Brasil

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar flor��sticamente as forma����es vegetacionais que comp��e o ecossistema Restinga dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Esp��rito Santo. Para isto foi realizado uma compila����o de dados de levantamentos flor��sticos e fitossociol��gicos, sendo utilizado para esta an��lise o ��ndice de similaridade de Jaccard, onde as interpreta����es se deram pela m��dia de grupo (UPGMA). As 11 forma����es analisadas apresentaram uma riqueza total de 990 esp��cies, distribu��das em 141 fam��lias, sendo Fabaceae (73), Myrtaceae (59), Rubiaceae (48), Orchidaceae (44), Cyperaceae (38), Poaceae (36), Bromeliaceae (35), Euphorbiaceae (30), Asteraceae (30) as de maior riqueza. A similaridade entre as forma����es foi baixa, sendo o maior valor de 33%. Os resultados obtidos denotam uma alta heterogeneidade flor��stica existente nas forma����es que comp��e o ecossistema Restinga nos dois Estados analisados, sendo esta determinada por diferentes fatores que atuam em cada fitocenose.

Morfologia e aspectos hidrol��gicos da bacia hidrogr��fica do rio Preto, divisa dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Minas Gerais

Neste trabalho, determinaram-se as caracter��sticas morfom��tricas do relevo e da rede de drenagem da Bacia Hidrogr��fica do Rio Preto, com a finalidade de prever do comportamento hidrol��gico da ��rea. A partir da delimita����o da ��rea da bacia, da digitaliza����o das curvas de n��vel e do sistema de drenagem, foram obtidas caracter��sticas geom��tricas do relevo e da hidrografia da BHRP e das suas seis sub-bacias. Concluiu-se que a ��rea apresentava forma alongada e estreita, aliada a uma alta densidade de drenagem, evidenciando menor possibilidade de ocorr��ncia de cheias. Por��m, foram observadas enchentes justificadas pelos solos rasos, pelos intensos processos de desmatamento e uso da terra e pelo relevo acidentado, sendo 73,1% da ��rea caracterizada como de relevo forte-ondulado a montanhoso. Quanto ��s sub-bacias, verificou-se que em todas essas unidades menos de 28% da ��rea era compreendida de relevo plano, facilitando a eros��o h��drica.

Composi����o flor��stica e estrutura de um trecho de floresta ombr��fila densa atl��ntica com uso pret��rito de produ����o de banana, no parque estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Este estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar flor��stica e estruturalmente um trecho de Floresta Ombr��fila Densa Submontana urbana e avaliar os fatores que contribu��ram para a regenera����o, a partir do ��ltimo uso do solo para produ����o de banana, h�� 50 anos. Para a amostragem da ��rea foram implantadas 25 parcelas de 100 m��, totalizando 0,25 ha. O crit��rio de inclus��o adotado foi di��metro �� altura do peito (DAP) > 5 cm. Foram amostrados 311 indiv��duos de 92 esp��cies, 67 g��neros e 31 fam��lias. A ��rea basal total foi de 34,18 m��/ha, enquanto a densidade, de 1.244 ind./ha. As esp��cies mais importantes na comunidade, representando 42% do valor de import��ncia (VI) da ��rea, foram: Aiouea saligna Meisn., Tachigali paratyensis (Vell.) H.C. Lima, Ficus insipida Willd., Bathysa gymonocarpa K. Schum, Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart., Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Piper rivinoides Kunth., Hyeronima alchorneoides Allem��o, Miconia cinnamomifolia (DC.) Naudin e Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer. O elevado valor do ��ndice de diversidade de Shannon (H'= 4,13 nats/ind.), bem como o de equabilidade (J = 0,91), compara-se aos valores referenciados para florestas conservadas e inventariadas no Sudeste brasileiro. A floresta amostrada encontra-se em processo de regenera����o e representa um est��gio intermedi��rio de sucess��o. O cultivo da banana, ap��s seu abandono, permitiu a entrada de esp��cies com estrat��gias de estabelecimento e propaga����o em condi����es de pouca luminosidade. A presen��a de uma ��rvore remanescente, do g��nero Ficus, est�� relacionada a uma cren��a popular que acabou influenciando a estrutura da vegeta����o. Dessa forma, as esp��cies amostradas neste estudo refletiram o uso do solo passado e a cultura local.

Precipita����o incidente e fluxo de atravessamento das chuvas em tr��s est��gios sucessionais de floresta atl��ntica no maci��o da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro

S��o apresentados os resultados de fracionamento da precipita����o de chuva em tr��s tipologias vegetais atrav��s dos fluxos de atravessamento e precipita����o incidente em estudo realizado na sub-bacia do Ca��ambe, maci��o da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro. No per��odo de 04/11/09 a 04/11/10, foram realizadas 27 coletas ap��s os eventos de chuva. Utilizaram-se 12 pluvi��metros em uma ��rea de floresta secund��ria avan��ada, seis em uma capoeira e seis na borda entre as tipologias. Os resultados de fluxo de atravessamento, 89% na borda, 94% em mata secund��ria inicial e 75% em floresta secund��ria avan��ada, est��o de acordo com valores m��dios da Floresta Atl��ntica. Houve aumento de intercepta����o com o avan��o do est��gio sucessional, o que sugere a import��ncia da preserva����o florestal para garantir intercepta����o mais eficiente da ��gua da chuva, em especial em uma cidade sujeita a alagamentos, como o Rio de Janeiro.

Rainfall erosivity for the State of Rio de Janeiro estimated by artificial neural network

The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are mathematical models method capable of estimating non-linear response plans. The advantage of these models is to present different responses of the statistical models. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and to test ANNs for estimating rainfall erosivity index (EI30) as a function of the geographical location for the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and generating a thematic visualization map. The characteristics of latitude, longitude e altitude using ANNs were acceptable to estimating EI30 and allowing visualization of the space variability of EI30. Thus, ANN is a potential option for the estimate of climatic variables in substitution to the traditional methods of interpolation.

Supply and usage of hemodynamic services in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Objective: The paper analyzes the supply and the utilization of hemodynamic services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Methods: It's an exploratory study that uses data obtained from Brazilian official databases. The period of supply analysis was from 1999 to 2009, and of utilization was from 2008 to October 2012.Results: Since 1999 there is a growth of hemodynamic equipment purchase. The private sector concentrates most of the supply, but it has been reducing its availability to SUS. The rate between population and equipment in Brazil exceeds the ones of some rich countries. In the sense of supply, there are in 2009, a supply rate of 1,4 equipments for 1 million inhabitants in RJ state, larger than brazilian rate, of 3,4 but the rates are similar for public customers.Conclusion: Interventional cardiology procedures have improved in the state, but in a different way. And this is because the public hospitals at Rio de Janeiro have mostly reduced their production, while the private ones have increased their production. The observed result is the SUS users performing their procedures at great distances.