778 resultados para Espaçamento entre plantas
ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E POTÁSSICA EM GOIABEIRAS ‘PALUMA’:II. EFEITO NO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DAS PLANTAS
Resumo:
RESUMOA adequada adubação mineral de pomares de goiabeira, sob manejo intensivo, é fator preponderante na produtividade, e o acompanhamento do estado nutricional das plantas contribui para a eficiência desta prática agronômica.Objetivou-se pesquisar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio sobre o estado nutricional de goiabeiras‘Paluma’. O experimento foi conduzido em Vista Alegre do Alto-SP, em pomar irrigado, com sete anos deidade, manejado com podas de frutificação, durante quatro ciclos de produção consecutivos. O solo é o Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com trêsrepetições, em esquema fatorial com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 kg planta-1 de N) e quatro depotássio (0;0,55; 1,1 e 2,2 kg planta-1 de K2O). A adubação nitrogenada promoveu aumento nos teores foliares de N e Mn e decréscimo nos teores de P e B, observados do segundo ao quarto ciclo produtivo. A adubaçãonitrogenada elevou os teores de Ca e Mg, respectivamente, no segundo e terceiro ciclos. Com exceção doprimeiro ciclo produtivo, os teores foliares de K e Mn aumentaram em função da adubação potássica, enquanto os teores de Mg, no segundo e quarto ciclos, diminuíram em função dessa adubação.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de concentrações de ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) na estaquia lenhosa de cultivares de porta-enxertos de videira promissores para o Sul do Brasil. Material vegetal de porta-enxertos de videira foi coletado de plantas- matrizes pertencentes à coleção da Estação Experimental da EPAGRI, no município de Videira - SC. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no período de julho a outubro de 2013. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 20 tratamentos, dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x5, formado por quatro porta-enxertos (VR043-43, Dogridge, Richter 99 e EEV793-5) e cinco concentrações de AIB (0; 1.000; 2.000; 3.000 e 4.000 mg L-1). Após 60 dias, foram avaliados a porcentagem de enraizamento, o número, o comprimento e a matéria fresca de raízes das estacas. A aplicação de AIB aumentou a porcentagem de enraizamento, o número, o comprimento e a massa fresca de raízes para todos os porta-enxertos utilizados. O porta-enxerto VR043-43 apresentou melhor desenvolvimento radicular que os demais porta-enxertos estudados. Para a propagação das quatro cultivares de porta-enxertos de videira avaliados via estaquia lenhosa, recomenda-se a aplicação de AIB na concentração de 1.000 mg L-1.
Resumo:
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos do maracujazeiro-azedo em relação a diferentes densidades de plantio na região de Pelotas/Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido no ciclo de 2011/2012, apenas com plantas de um ano, e no ciclo de 2012/2013, avaliaram-se plantas de um e dois anos. Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos de acordo com as seguintes densidades (plantas ha-1): 1.600 (D1); 2.666; 3.200 (D3). No ciclo de 2012/2013, as plantas de dois anos do tratamento D3 foram desbastadas, permanecendo-se com 1.600 plantas ha-1. O tratamento mais adensado, com 3.200 plantas ha-1 e plantas de um ano, apresentou melhor desempenho produtivo, independentemente do ciclo avaliado. As plantas de dois anos (ciclo de 2012/2013) não demonstraram diferença quanto à produtividade e número de frutos por hectare nas densidades avaliadas. A qualidade dos frutos não foi influenciada pelas densidades de plantio em nenhum ciclo avaliado.
Resumo:
RESUMEN El selenio (Se) es un elemento traza esencial no solo para animales, plantas y microorganismos, sino también para la salud de las personas. Por ello, parece que aumentar las cantidades de selenio en plantas puede tener implicaciones positivas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar en un sistema de cultivo sin suelo con fibra de coco el efecto del selenito (Se IV) y selenato (Se VI) en el peso, calidad de las frutas de fresa, así como en variables de crecimiento y contenido de clorofilas de las hojas jóvenes y adultas de la planta de fresa de la variedad ‘Splendor’. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 Se(IV)F (foliar), T2 Se(IV)S (sustrato), T3 Se(VI)F, T4 Se(VI)S y T5 control (sin aporte de Se). Se aplicaron semanalmente las mismas concentraciones de Se(IV) y Se(VI). Los resultados del análisis mostraron que el efecto de los tratamientos sobre firmeza, sólidos solubles totales y acidez titratable en frutas fue significativo. Los valores más altos de firmeza y sólidos solubles fueron mostrados por el tratamiento T4. Los mayores valores para el pH se producen en los tratamientos con T2 y T4. Los resultados indican que el Se tiene un efecto positivo sobre los valores de SPAD en hoja vieja. Las plantas con tratamiento de selenio presentaron un mayor número de hojas en relación a las plantas control.
Resumo:
extracts of the regional plants Annona squamosa and Annona muricata were analysed by silica gel thin-layer chromatography using adequate systems of solvents and spray reagents. Carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were detected in both species. These data agree with those on the literature about phytochemistry of the Annonaceae.
Resumo:
In the present paper we discuss, based in our experience, some experimental procedures which may be employed for isolation of active compounds from medicinal plants. We have also emphasized some insights about the way to obtain more active and selective compounds from natural products through structural modifications oriented for analysis of structure-activity relationships.
Resumo:
210Po concentrations have been determined in one green alga and in five freshwater plants grown in a pond of the Carapebus restinga (State of Rio de Janeiro). The alga Chara sp showed elevated concentration of 210Po, similar to that observed for marine algae. All the other plants had the lowest concentration of 210Po in the stems and the highest in the roots. Intermediate values were observed in the leaves. The unexpected high concentration of 210Po in the roots, even superior to reported values for roots of plants from high radioactive background areas, must be due to the elevated levels of this radionuclide in associated soils that are known to be rich in humic organic material. There seem to have been no translocation of this radionuclide from the roots to the other parts of the plants.
Resumo:
This paper presents a program emphasizing ethnopharmacological approaches that could allow great success in the study of medicinal plants. The minimum ethnopharmacological research team should consist of a botanist, a chemist and a pharmacologist with each carrying the responsibility for answering in sequential fashion critical questions. The chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the very efficient medicinal plant Croton cajucara were investigated according to ethnopharmacological approaches. The study with this Croton proved to be both efficient and successful. This happy situation was only possible because a multidisciplinary team was involved getting the research done correctly. The ethnopharmacological study involving one other especies Copaifera will be cited.
Resumo:
Plants of the genus Bauhinia (Leguminosae) are widely distributed in most tropical countries and have been frequently used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, especially diabetes. In recent years, the interest in these plants has increased considerably in all world. This review shows the main chemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants. The studies carried out with the extracts and purified compounds from these plants support most of their reported therapeutic properties. It also gives an account of some compounds including terpenes, steroids and flavonoids that were isolated from the genus Bauhinia.
Resumo:
The involvement of lipoxygenase isozymes in several physiological processes of plants has been described but their role is not well understood and more biochemical studies are needed to elucidate the role of the "Lipoxygenase Pathway" in plant physiology. Thus, the biochemical and kinetic characterization of a lipoxygenases "pool" from soybean leaves was carried out. Two genotypes were used: IAC-100 (a normal variety having lipoxygenases in the seeds) and IAC-100 TN (genetically modified genotype, which is devoid of lipoxygenases in the seeds). The plants were submitted to the application of fatty acids (lipoxygenase substrates) on leaves. The results of the biochemical and kinetic studies of lipoxygenase isozymes from leaves of the two genotypes analysed showed that genetic removal of lipoxygenase from seeds did not affect the response of the plant to the treatment, since both genotypes showed similar results.
Resumo:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognite impairment and personality changes. The development of drugs for the treatment of the cognitive deficits of AD has focused on agents which counteract loss in cholinergic activities. These symptons of AD have been successfully treated with acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors (eg. galanthamine). There still is great interest in finding better AchE inhibitors. We use Ellmann's microplate assay and silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to screen natural products from plants as new sources of AchE inhibitors.
Resumo:
The fractIons of dichloromethane extracts of leaves from andiroba (Carapa guianensis - Meliaceae), caapi (Banisteriopsis caapi - Malpighiaceae), cocoa (Theobroma cacao - Sterculiaceae), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecytidaceae), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum - Sterculiaceae), marupá (Simaruba amara - Simaroubaceae) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis - Euphorbiaceae), were analyzed by HT-HRGC and HT-HRGC-MS. Esters of homologous series of fatty acids and long chain alcohols, phytol, amyrines and tocopherols were characterized. The characterization of the compounds was based mainly in mass spectra data and in addition by usual spectrometric data (¹H and 13C NMR, IR).
Resumo:
In this work a micro-heater device to be used as an integral part of the flow analysis manifold is described. The usefulness of the device was demonstrated using it in the development of a multicommutated flow analysis procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of manganese in plant digest. The method was based on the manganese oxidation by periodate in phosphoric acid medium to form the permanganate anion. The reaction development is dependent on the temperature and it was observed that at 25 °C a time interval of ca. 15 min was necessary for the reaction to attain equilibrium. Setting the temperature to 70 ºC, this time interval could be decreased to ca. 30 s. This condition was easily attained employing the proposed micro-heater device coupled to the manifold. The procedure was applied to manganese determination in soybean digests and results compared with those obtained by inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). No significant difference at 90% confidence level was observed. A linear response for sample concentrations ranging from 5.0 to 30.00 mg L-1 Mn2+; a relative standard deviation of 1.3% (n = 6) for a typical sample containing 6.3 mg L-1 Mn2+; a sampling rate of 22 determinations per hour; a low reagent consumption, of 12.0 mg NaIO4 per determination; and a detection limit of 1.2 mg L-1 were achieved.
Resumo:
This paper reviews the recent literature on synergism, adulteration and risks of using medicinal plants. The use of copaiba and sacaca plants as well as their adulteration and side effects, are also described. In addition, the new regulations on phytotherapeutic registration in Brazil and Europe are discussed.
Resumo:
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors are successfully used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Extracts of three Kalanchoe species (K. brasiliensis, K. pinnata and K. gastonis-bornieri) showed acetylcholine esterase inhibitory effects and a toxic effect on Aedes aegypti larvae. Here we describe the bioassay guided fractionation of extracts of the most active extracts (K. brasiliensis) which resulted in the isolation of an active mixture of three flavonoids: 8-methoxyquercetin, 3,7-di-O-rhamnopyranoside and 8-methoxykaempferol-3,7-di-O-rhamnopyranoside. On TLC these flavonoids showed an acetylcholine esterase inhibitory effect.