COMPORTAMENTO DA CULTIVAR NIÁGARA ROSADA ENXERTADA SOBRE DIFERENTES PORTA-ENXERTOS NO SUL DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL

RESUMO A videira ‘Niagara Rosada’ é a principal cultivar de uva de mesa plantada no Sul do Brasil. Para avaliar a qualidade da uva produzida, foi conduzido um experimento com aNiagara Rosada nos seguintes porta-enxertos: ‘Jales’, ‘Tropical’, ‘Campinas’, ‘VR 043-43’, ‘R-99’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘Schwarzmann’,‘Traviú’, ‘Golias’, ‘Gravesac’, ‘RR 101-14’, ‘Dog Ridge’, ‘VR 044-4’, ‘Kobber5BB’ e ‘SO4’, mais o pé-franco. Foram avaliados a fenologia, o vigor, a sobrevivência das plantas ea produção (produtividade, tamanho do cacho e número de cachos por planta). Os diferentes porta-enxertos não influenciam na fenologia da planta. O maior vigor foi observado para o ‘Dog Ridge’, seguido do‘Campinas’, ‘Paulsen 1103’ e ‘VR 043-43’. As maiores mortalidades de planta ocorreram para pé-franco (56%), ‘Traviú’ (50%) e ‘Schwarzmann’(41%). Os porta-enxertos ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘Campinas’ e ‘Golias’, além de altaprodutividade, apresentam cachos maiores e mais compactos.

Braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose no tratamento do carcinoma da próstata: análise da toxicidade aguda e do comportamento bioquímico

OBJETIVO: Analisar a resposta bioquímica nas variáveis volume prostático, valor do antígeno prostático específico (PSA), escores de Gleason, estádio, risco da doença e hormonioterapia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: No período de fevereiro de 1998 a julho de 2001, 46 pacientes com câncer de próstata foram tratados com radioterapia, numa combinação de teleterapia e braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose (BATD). A idade variou de 51 a 79 anos (média de 66,4 anos). O estádio T1c foi o mais freqüente: 30 (65%). O escore de Gleason era abaixo de 7 em 78% dos pacientes. O PSA variou de 3,4 a 33,3, estando abaixo de 10 em 39% das vezes. O volume prostático médio foi de 32,3 cc. Um total de 28% dos pacientes recebeu hormonioterapia. A dose de teleterapia variou de 45 a 50,4 Gy, associada a quatro frações de BATD de 4 Gy. RESULTADOS: O seguimento variou de 6 a 43 meses. Quatro pacientes perderam seguimento e quatro morreram (um por doença). Dos 39 pacientes analisados, 76% apresentaram PSA menor que 1,5. Nenhuma das variáveis analisadas foi estatisticamente significante (p > 0,05) com relação ao controle bioquímico. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização de BATD foi eficiente no tratamento do câncer de próstata e, neste estudo, as variáveis consideradas como fatores prognósticos não interferiram no controle bioquímico.

Comportamento da dose glandular versus contraste do objeto em mamografia: determinação de formalismo semi-empírico para diferentes combinações alvo-filtro

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da mudança no contraste do objeto, tempo de exposição e dose de radiação quando diferentes espessuras de filtração de molibdênio (Mo) e ródio (Rh) são empregadas em mamógrafos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizaram-se medidas da exposição na entrada da pele com uma câmara de ionização para diferentes espessuras para os filtros de Mo e Rh. Para determinar a dose glandular média foi utilizado simulador de BR12 (50% tecido adiposo e 50% tecido glandular) de diferentes espessuras (4 cm e 8 cm). Energias na faixa de 24 kVp a 34 kVp foram empregadas e filmes Kodak MinR 2000 foram utilizados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram dados de contraste do objeto, dose glandular e tempo de exposição para diferentes espessuras de filtros adicionais e diferentes tensões. Esses dados indicaram aumento nos valores de contraste do objeto e tempo de exposição, com o aumento da espessura dos filtros. A dose glandular apresentou comportamento com diferentes tendências para cada caso analisado. Equações foram definidas para possibilitar a estimativa do contraste do objeto, dose glandular e tempo de exposição para os casos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados possibilitaram a estimativa de equações que auxiliam na verificação do comportamento do contraste do objeto e da dose glandular para simuladores com espessura de 4 cm e 8 cm e para os filtros de Rh e Mo. Dessa forma, torna-se possível estimar a figura de mérito (razão entre o contraste do objeto e a dose glandular), podendo auxiliar na análise da relação risco-benefício dos casos estudados.

O comportamento Fotoquímico dos Complexos Pentaaminas de Rutênio(II) com Ligantes π Insaturados

A general overview on the photochemical behaviour of [Ru(NH3)5L]2+ complexes (where L is a p ligand) is presented. The proposed mechanisms and techniques employed for the study of these reactions are discussed. Emphasis is made on the mechanisms that allow the identification of the reactive excited state of the [Ru(NH3)5py]2+ complex.

Alteração do comportamento eletroquímico do eletrodo de níquel, em ácido sulfúrico diluído, sob diferentes condições de iluminação

In this paper is presented electrochemical evidences of the influence of the light on the electrochemical behavior of nickel electrode in diluted sulfuric acid. The current densities related with the electrooxidation of the metal decreases when the electrode is under illumination. The corrosion potential, Ecorr , shift to a more positive value in this condition. This effect was observed with polychromatic light and with different wavelength glass filters such as 700 nm and 520 nm. It was observed that increasing the temperature of the solution, the current densities related with cathodic and anodic processes, increases instead of decreases. The activation energy related with the electrooxidation of the electrode was higher under illumination than in the dark. It is suggested that this behavior may be related or with a photo-inhibition effect either with dessorption of adsorbed water involved in the electrooxidation mechanism.

Modificação por via enzimática da composição triglicerídica do óleo de piqui (Caryocar brasiliense Camb)

Piqui (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) oil was transformed into a cocoa butter-like fat through an enzymatic interesterification reaction using Lipozyme in the presence of stearic acid that was incorporated in the sn 1,3-3,1 position into triglyceride. Stearic acid incorporation was determined by HPLC, based on the quantification of the principal triglycerides (POP, POS e SOS) found in cocoa butter. The proposed process was feasible with a reaction time of 240 minutes with 10% of Lipozyme at 70ºC and substract weight ratio of 0,33 (stearic acid:piqui oil).

Estratégias para a obtenção de compostos farmacologicamente ativos a partir de plantas medicinais: conceitos sobre modificação estrutural para otimização da atividade

In the present paper we discuss, based in our experience, some experimental procedures which may be employed for isolation of active compounds from medicinal plants. We have also emphasized some insights about the way to obtain more active and selective compounds from natural products through structural modifications oriented for analysis of structure-activity relationships.

Modificação de um micro-extrator de vidro para pré-enriquecimento de traços de pesticidas organoclorados de água para análise por cromatografia gasosa

Two models of a glass micro-extractor were constructed after modification of a model proposed in the literature. The two models were used for the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of organochlorinated pesticides from aqueous matrixes to an organic solution appropriate for the gas chromatographic analysis of the pesticide. It was established that the performance of one of the modified micro-extractors permits the pre-concentration of the pesticides to a level that allow their quantitation at the trace level with electron capture detection. It is thus concluded that the glass micro-extractor is a suitable tool for the sample preparation step in the gas chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants of the class of pesticides.

Influência da adição de defloculante, ligante e partículas de alumina no comportamento reológico de suspensões a base de frita e caulim

Enamel suspensions were characterized according to their rheological behavior. The suspensions presented a pseudoplastic behavior, yield stress and thixotropy, with or without the presence of deffloculant. Added carboxymethylcellulose increases the apparent viscosity of enamel suspensions and interacts complexly with the deffloculant, here sodium silicate. Addition of crystalline particles of two types of alumina, used to improve the wear resistance of ceramic glazes, also change strongly the rheological behavior of the suspensions. Added high specific area, irregular alumina particles produce a higher increase of the apparent viscosity of enamel suspensions compared to rounded ones.

Estudo do comportamento ácido-base da 4,4'-ditiodipiridina

Despite the importance of the 4,4'-dithiodipyridine as an electrode modifier on the protein electrochemical studies and as a remarkable bridged-ligand on conducting electronic density in binuclear mixed valence complexes, there is no data available in the literature concerning acid-base behavior of this compound. Aiming to afford such information we undertook the ionization equilibrium study of this ligand. Although two acid species, DTDPH+ and DTDPH2+ have been detected in solution, only the diacid-form was possible to be isolated as a perclorate salt DTDPH2(ClO4)2. The ionization constants for the two step equilibrium processes (pKa1=2.70 and pKa2=4.80) were determined by using the spectrophotometric technique and aqueous solutions of CF3COONa, mu=0,1 mol.L-1 .

Comportamento dos herbicidas atrazina e alaclor aplicados em solo preparado para o cultivo de cana-de-açucar

Atrazine and alachlor herbicides are widely and extensively used in agriculture for the control of a variety of weeds. These herbicides are quite mobile in soil and there is a concern that they may contaminate the environment, specially surface and ground water and soils. The results suggest that alachlor and atrazine present similar behavior in the environment, but alaclhor dissipates with greater rate.

O relevante papel do agente sililante na modificação de superfícies de polímeros

The applicability of the silylant agents of the general formula Y3Si-R-X, depends on the reactivity of Y group (halide or alcoxide) attached to silicon and the organic function X (halide, amine, thiol, cyanide, etc) in the extreme position of the chain. Both groups are linked together by an organic chain R, containing usually three methylene groups. A series of these agents can be covalently bonded to an inorganic matrix, since the available OH groups are distributed on the surface, making silica gel the most common support. However, other inorganic oxides, zeolites, lamellar inorganic phosphates and chrysotile can also have these agents anchored. Some illustration are presented for immobilized surface in the use as extractors of cations from dilute aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, catalysts agents, ionic exchanged materials, support for enzyme immobilization, chromatographic applications, use in some industrial features and in many other areas. The evolution of this exciting research field to produce new materials, for many tecnological applications, is strongly dependent on the development of a sensible systematic process for the synthesis of a series of new specific silylant agents.

Influência da acidez do meio sobre a síntese e o comportamento redox do polipirrol

The influence of acidity on the synthesis and redox behavior of polypyrrole films was studied using galvanostatic and potentiodynamic techniques employing aqueous solutions formed by H2SO4/Na2SO4 , HCl/NaCl and HCl/CsCl. The chemical structure of the films were investigated using the FTIR technique. The polymer behavior as a function of the pH used in the cyclic voltammetric measurements is explained in terms of the mechanism responsible for the charge compensation formed during the polymer chain oxidation. From the FTIR measurements, it is seen that the water nucleophilic attack during the synthesis, does not occur under the experimental conditions employed in this work.

Estudo da influência da natureza de reticulantes e aditivos orgânicos sobre o comportamento de géis de quitosana

The physical-chemical process of swelling in water-based gel of natural polymers is investigated with the purpose of applying these systems to biomedical materials for controlled release of drugs. In this work we develop a study about the sol-gel transition of solutions of chitosan in the presence of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde like crosslinking agents and we have determined the effect of many aditives in the time of gelification from the elaborated sistems. The phisical-chemistry process of swelling of the formed gels was evaluated in function of the degree of crosslinking of the incorporated aditives and the pH. Gelling times of chitosan solutions were obtained using viscosimetric measurement, in the pre-gel state, as well as condutivity ones.The results obtained suggest that component concentration modifies the kinetic profile of the transition and the swelling behavior. Regarding H+ content, the gels were highly susceptible to swelling in acidic conditions, which characterize this system as pH - sensitive.

Dióxido de titânio sol-gel: propriedades e comportamento eletrocrômico

Titanium dioxide was prepared by hydrolysis and polycondensation of titanium tetraisopropoxide. TiO2 films were obtained by spin coating of the precursor solution on ITO substractes (glass covered with indium doped tin oxide). Films were prepared using different temperatures and hydrochloric acid contents. The effect of the drying temperature of the films (100 or 400ºC) was also investigated. TiO2 films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, ultraviolete-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractrometry.