Estudo experimental da influência da atividade muscular da face sobre o esqueleto da mesoestrutura facial em coelhos

A partir do conceito da matriz funcional, surgiu a hipótese de que são os tecidos moles atuando sobre determinada peça óssea que determinam o processo de crescimento facial. A possibilidade de modificar a influência muscular, seja na fase de desenvolvimento facial, seja em pós-operatórios de cirurgia corretiva é de grande importância preventiva e deveria ser mais bem investigada, uma vez que poderia subtrair o número e magnitude destes procedimentos. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Experimental em coelhos. OBJETIVO: Estimar a relevância da atividade muscular sobre o esqueleto facial, em coelhos de experimentação, durante sua fase de desenvolvimento facial. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudados 37 coelhos de 2 meses de idade, divididos em grupo de estudo e grupo controle e seguidos por um período de 4 meses. Os animais do grupo de estudo tiveram seus nervos faciais seccionados no seu ramo cervical unilateralmente. O esqueleto da mesoestrutura facial era retirado para estudo morfométrico por programa de computação gráfica em fotografias digitalizadas realizadas nas peças. Os resultados obtidos sofreram análise estatística comparativa. CONCLUSÃO: Ausência de atividade muscular em uma metade da face produz desvio lateral da mesoestrutura facial para o mesmo lado em coelhos em desenvolvimento.

Paralisia facial associada à otite média aguda

A otite média aguda com paralisia facial não é uma associação muito freqüente. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a evolução da paralisia facial decorrente de otite média aguda. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudados 40 pacientes com esta associação de patologias, num total de 2758 casos de paralisa facial atendidos neste período no setor de distúrbios do nervo facial. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente com dados epidemiológicos, prognósticos e evolutivos. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: A paralisia foi súbita em 95% dos casos. A recuperação foi de 85% para o grau I (House-Brackman) e 15% para o grau II (House-Brackman). O tratamento foi clínico com antibiótico e corticoterapia com bons resultados. Nos pacientes com mau prognóstico elétrico a descompressão do nervo facial fez com que a evolução fosse favorável.

Facial nerve palsy associated with leptospirosis

This case report describes the findings of a 27-year-old black male from Bahia, Brazil, who developed facial palsy during the convalescence phase of leptospirosis. The patient recovered without neurological sequel. This work calls attention to a possible association between leptospirosis and facial palsy.

Theranostic applications of phage display to control leishmaniasis: selection of biomarkers for serodiagnostics, vaccination, and immunotherapy

AbstractPhage display is a high-throughput subtractive proteomic technology used for the generation and screening of large peptide and antibody libraries. It is based on the selection of phage-fused surface-exposed peptides that recognize specific ligands and demonstrate desired functionality for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Phage display has provided unmatched tools for controlling viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, and allowed identification of new therapeutic targets to treat cancer, metabolic diseases, and other chronic conditions. This review presents recent advancements in serodiagnostics and prevention of leishmaniasis -an important tropical parasitic disease- achieved using phage display for the identification of novel antigens with improved sensitivity and specificity. Our focus is on theranostics of visceral leishmaniasis with the aim to develop biomarker candidates exhibiting both diagnostic and therapeutic potential to fight this important, yet neglected, tropical disease.

Dental and facial characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that the temporomandibular joint is frequently affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and this degenerative disease, which may occur during facial growth, results in severe mandibular dysfunction. However, there are no studies that correlate oral health (tooth decay and gingival diseases) and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oral and facial characteristics of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated in a large teaching hospital. METHOD: Thirty-six patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (26 female and 10 male) underwent a systematic clinical evaluation of their dental, oral, and facial structures (DMFT index, plaque and gingival bleeding index, dental relationship, facial profile, and Helkimo's index). The control group was composed of 13 healthy children. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was 10.8 years; convex facial profile was present in 12 juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, and class II molar relation was present in 12 (P = .032). The indexes of plaque and gingival bleeding were significant in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with a higher number of superior limbs joints involved (P = .055). Anterior open bite (5) and temporomandibular joint noise (8) were present in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group. Of the group in this sample, 94% (P = .017) had temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 80% had decreased mandibular opening (P = 0.0002), and mandibular mobility was severely impaired in 33% (P = .015). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis a) have a high incidence of mandibular dysfunction that can be attributed to the direct effect of the disease in the temporomandibular joint and b) have a higher incidence of gingival disease that can be considered a secondary effect of juvenile idiopathic arthritis on oral health.

Síndrome brânquio-óculo-facial (BOFS) e cardiopatias congênitas

Relatamos aqui o caso de um menino com 43 dias de vida, apresentando síndrome brânquio-óculo-facial (BOFS) e cardiopatia congênita. Na avaliação clínica, ele possuía retardo de crescimento, pregas epicânticas, fendas palpebrais pequenas, telecanto, base nasal alargada, fenda labial falsa (pseudocleft), micrognatia, orelhas displásicas e rotadas posteriormente, fendas branquiais, pescoço curto e alado, mamilo extranumerário, hipotonia e reflexos tendinosos profundos diminuídos. A ecocardiografia verificou presença de um defeito do septo atrioventricular completo do tipo A e persistência do canal arterial. Essa descrição fortalece a possibilidade de que defeitos cardíacos congênitos possam fazer parte do espectro de anormalidades observado na BOFS.

Pressão expiratória positiva na via aérea por máscara facial na hemodinâmica de pós-operatórios cardíacos

FUNDAMENTOS: A pressão expiratória positiva na via aérea por máscara facial (EPAP) é utilizada no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas, entretanto, seus efeitos hemodinâmicos não foram claramente estudados. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações hemodinâmicas causadas pela EPAP em pacientes pós-cirurgia cardíaca monitorados por cateter de Swan-Ganz. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo, pacientes no primeiro ou segundo pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, estáveis hemodinamicamente e com cateter de Swan-Ganz. Eles foram avaliados em repouso e após o uso de 10 cmH2O de EPAP, de forma randomizada. As variáveis estudadas foram: saturação de oxigênio, frequências cardíaca e respiratória, pressões arteriais médias sistêmica e pulmonar (PAM e PAMP), pressões venosa central (PVC) e de oclusão da atéria pulmonar (POAP), débito e índice cardíacos, e resistências vasculares sistêmica e pulmonar. Os pacientes foram divididos em subgrupos (com fração de ejeção <; 50% ou > 50%) e os dados foram comparados por teste t e ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Vinte e oito pacientes foram estudados (22 homens, idade média 68 ± 11 anos). Comparando o período de repouso versus EPAP, as alterações observadas foram: POAP (11,9 ± 3,8 para 17,1 ± 4,9 mmHg, p < 0,001); PVC (8,7 ± 4,1 para 10,9 ± 4,3 mmHg, p = 0,014); PAMP (21,5 ± 4,2 para 26,5 ± 5,8 mmHg, p < 0,001); PAM (76 ± 10 para 80 ± 10 mmHg, p = 0,035). As demais variáveis não mostraram diferenças significativas. CONCLUSÃO: A EPAP foi bem tolerada nos pacientes e as alterações hemodinâmicas encontradas mostraram aumento nas medidas de pressão de enchimento ventricular direito e esquerdo, assim como, na pressão arterial média.

Characterization of constitutive and putative differentially expressed mRNAs by means of expressed sequence tags, differential display reverse transcriptase-PCR and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR from the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis

Molecular studies of insect disease vectors are of paramount importance for understanding parasite-vector relationship. Advances in this area have led to important findings regarding changes in vectors' physiology upon blood feeding and parasite infection. Mechanisms for interfering with the vectorial capacity of insects responsible for the transmission of diseases such as malaria, Chagas disease and dengue fever are being devised with the ultimate goal of developing transgenic insects. A primary necessity for this goal is information on gene expression and control in the target insect. Our group is investigating molecular aspects of the interaction between Leishmania parasites and Lutzomyia sand flies. As an initial step in our studies we have used random sequencing of cDNA clones from two expression libraries made from head/thorax and abdomen of sugar fed L. longipalpis for the identification of expressed sequence tags (EST). We applied differential display reverse transcriptase-PCR and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR to characterize differentially expressed mRNA from sugar and blood fed insects, and, in one case, from a L. (V.) braziliensis-infected L. longipalpis. We identified 37 cDNAs that have shown homology to known sequences from GeneBank. Of these, 32 cDNAs code for constitutive proteins such as zinc finger protein, glutamine synthetase, G binding protein, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. Three are putative differentially expressed cDNAs from blood fed and Leishmania-infected midgut, a chitinase, a V-ATPase and a MAP kinase. Finally, two sequences are homologous to Drosophila melanogaster gene products recently discovered through the Drosophila genome initiative.

Latex constituents from Calotropis procera (R. Br.) display toxicity upon egg hatching and larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linn.)

Calotropis procera R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant with leaves, roots, and bark being exploited by popular medicine to fight many human and animal diseases. This work deals with the fractionation of the crude latex produced by the green parts of the plant and aims to evaluate its toxic effects upon egg hatching and larval development of Aedes aegypti. The whole latex was shown to cause 100% mortality of 3rd instars within 5 min. It was fractionated into water-soluble dialyzable (DF) and non-dialyzable (NDF) rubber-free materials. Both fractions were partially effective to prevent egg hatching and most of individuals growing under experimental conditions died before reaching 2nd instars or stayed in 1st instars. Besides, the fractions were very toxic to 3rd instars causing 100% mortality within 24 h. When both fractions were submitted to heat-treatment the toxic effects were diminished considerably suggesting low thermostability of the toxic compounds. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of both fractions and their newly fractionated peaks obtained through ion exchange chromatography or desalting attested the presence of proteins in both materials. When submitted to protease digestion prior to larvicidal assays NDF lost most of its toxicity but DF was still strongly active. It may be possible that the highly toxic effects of the whole latex from C. procera upon egg hatching and larvae development should be at least in part due to its protein content found in NDF. However the toxicity seems also to involve non protein molecules present in DF.

Group A rotavirus and norovirus display sharply distinct seasonal profiles in Belém, northern Brazil

Several viruses have been associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and group A rotavirus (RVA) and nor-ovirus (NoV) are the most prevalent. This study aimed to assess their prevalence among children hospitalised for diarrhoea during a three-year surveillance study. From May 2008-April 2011, overall positivity rates of 21.6% (628/2904) and 35.4% (171/483) were observed for RVA and NoV, respectively. The seasonality observed indicated distinct patterns when both viruses were compared. This finding may explain why hospitalisation for AGE remains constant throughout the year. Continuous AGE monitoring is needed to better assess the patterns of infection.

Utilização de fio de polipropileno de autossustentação de tripla convergência para a correção do desvio de hemiface causada por lesão do nervo facial

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilização do fio de polipropileno de autossustentação de tripla convergência para a correção do desvio de hemiface que se apresenta como sequela tardia da paralisia facial periférica. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo e observacional em 34 indivíduos portadores de paralisia facial tardia. Utilizou-se fio de polipropileno de tripla convergência para a correção do desvio da hemiface paralisada. Trata-se de fio monofilamentar, sintético, transparente e inabsorvível que possui garras que tracionam os tecidos ptosados mantendo-os na posição correta, em simetria com o lado são. Os resultados foram avaliados através de análise subjetiva, quanto ao grau de satisfação dos pacientes, submetidos a um questionário próprio. RESULTADOS: Analisou-se 34 pacientes, 73,52% deles relataram grande melhora, 20,58% relataram melhora moderada e 5,88%, uma melhora leve; encontrou-se um alto índice de satisfação, 94,1%. Dois pacientes apresentaram extrusão parcial do fio. Nenhum paciente desenvolveu infecção. CONCLUSÃO: O emprego do fio de polipropileno de autossustentação de tripla convergência para a correção do desvio da hemiface, consequente à paralisia facial, ocasionou acentuada melhora da assimetria facial e a recuperação da autoestima dos pacientes.

Paralisia facial periférica e gestação: abordagem e tratamento

OBJETIVO: Comparar o grau da paralisia facial periférica de gestantes e puérperas no momento da admissão e na alta e avaliar outros fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, com análise dos prontuários de gestantes e puérperas atendidas no ambulatório de paralisia facial, em um período de 12 meses, com aplicação de protocolo padronizado de avaliação das pacientes e da escala de House-Brackmann na primeira consulta e na data da alta. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 6 pacientes, com média de idade de 22,6 anos. Cinco casos foram classificados com estadiamento IV e um com II na escala de House-Brackmann, sendo que duas eram puérperas e quatro gestantes. Todas evoluíram com melhora na escala de House-Brackmann. CONCLUSÃO: A paralisia de Bell tem bom prognóstico mesmo em gestantes e puérperas, sendo importante realizar tratamento adequado para diminuir as sequelas neste grupo apontado como mais susceptível à paralisia facial periférica.

Facial paralysis and vestibular syndrome in feedlot cattle in Argentina

This paper reports 6 outbreaks of neurological disease associated with paralysis of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves caused by intracranial space occupying lesions in feedlot cattle. The clinical signs observed were characterized by head tilt, uni or bilateral drooping and paralysis of the ears, eyelid ptosis, keratoconjunctivitis, and different degrees of ataxia. Morbidity and mortality rates ranged from 1.1 to 50% and 0 to 1%, respectively. Gross lesions observed included yellow, thickened leptomeninges, and marked enlargement of the roots of cranial nerves VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear). Histopathologically, there was severe, chronic, granulomatous meningitis and, in one case, chronic, granulomatous neuritis of the VII and VIII cranial nerves. Attempts to identify bacterial, viral, or parasitic agents were unsuccessful. Based on the morphologic lesions, the clinical condition was diagnosed as facial paralysis and vestibular syndrome associated with space occupying lesions in the meninges and the cranial nerves VII and VIII. Feedlot is a practice of growing diffusion in our country and this is a first report of outbreaks of facial paralysis and vestibular disease associated with space occupying lesions in Argentina.

A study of the facial aging - a multidisciplinary approach

This paper describes a mathematical and graphical model for face aging. It considers the possibility of predicting the aging process by offering an initial quantification of this process as it applies to the face. It is concerned with physical measurements and a general law of time dependence. After measuring and normalizing a photograph of a person, one could predict, with a known amount of error, the appearance of that person at a different age. The technique described has served its purpose successfully, with a representative amount of patient data behaving sufficiently near the general aging curve of each parameter. That model uses a warping technique to emulate the aging changes on the face of women. Frequently the warping methods are based on the interpolation between images or general mathematical functions to calculate the pixel attributes. The implemented process considers the age features of selected parts of a face such as the face outline and the shape of the lips. These age features were obtained by measuring the facial regions of women that have been photographed throughout their lives. The present work is first concerned with discussing a methodology to define the aging parameters that can be measured, and second with representing the age effects graphically.