Constituintes voláteis do fruto do pajeuzeiro (Triplaris sp.)

O estudo dos constituintes voláteis dos frutos contribui para a indicação destes para diferentes aplicações, como nas indústrias alimentícia, farmacêutica e de cosméticos. A importância da pesquisa de componentes voláteis em frutos silvestres reveste-se no fato de que esses resultados apontem para o seu aproveitamento, assim como para despertar o interesse de produtores para o seu cultivo comercial. O trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação dos constituintes voláteis do óleo essencial dos frutos de pajeuzeiro (Triplaris sp.). As atividades foram conduzidas no Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Processamento de Alimentos do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí, em Teresina-PI. Os frutos foram colhidos no município de Beneditinos-PI. Na extração do óleo essencial, utilizou-se a técnica de hidrodestilação, e a identificação dos constituintes foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massas - CG/EM. Identificaram-se 8 (oito) das 12 (doze) substâncias extraídas, tendo como constituintes majoritários: palmitato de metila (21,67%) e 10-octadecenoato de metila (21,72%).

Constituintes químicos das frações de lichia in natura e submetidas à secagem: potencial nutricional dos subprodutos

A lichieira (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) é uma planta da família das Sapindáceas, perfeitamente adaptada às condições climáticas brasileiras e pouco estudada quanto à composição química de seus frutos, sobretudo das frações casca e semente, frequentemente descartadas pela indústria e consumidores. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar os constituintes químicos das frações casca, polpa e semente in natura, e da casca e semente submetidas à secagem a 45ºC. Cada fração foi avaliada em sete repetições (de 20 frutos), quanto à massa e à proporção de cada fração em relação ao fruto inteiro, à composição centesimal, ao valor energético total (VET) e aos parâmetros químicos e fisico-químicos: sólidos solúveis, pH e acidez titulável. As frações casca e semente de lichia, juntas, representam cerca de 50% da massa do fruto. A casca e a semente da lichia apresentam elevados VETs e teores de carboidratos. A casca possui os maiores teores de fibra (bruta e alimentar), lipídeos, cinzas e proteínas, e a polpa apresenta maior acidez, menor pH e maiores teores de sólidos solúveis. A secagem aumentou o pH da semente e os teores de sólidos solúveis da casca e semente. As frações de lichia apresentaram elevados potenciais energéticos e nutricionais, podendo ser aproveitadas como fonte alternativa de nutrientes, desde que não apresentem fatores antinutricionais em quantidades prejudiciais ao organismo.

7-Epiclusianona, a nova benzofenona tetraprenilada e outros constituintes químicos dos frutos de Rheedia gardneriana

Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Rheedia gardneriana led to the isolation of sesquiterpenes mixture, methyl esters of fatty acids (palmitate, estearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate), sugars (galactose, glucose, fructose), triterpene (oleanolic acid), steroids mixture (stigmasterol and sitosterol) and the new tetraprenylated benzophenone 7-epiclusianone.

Constituintes químicos das raízes de Pyrostegia Venusta e considerações sobre a sua importância medicinal

This paper describes the chemical constituents isolated from roots of Pyrostegia venusta. From ethanol extract of the roots allantoin, beta-sitosterol, 3b-O-beta-D-glupyranosylsitosterol and hesperedin were isolated. The structures of these natural products were identified on the basis of spectral data, including 2D NMR of the peracetyl derivative of hesperidin.

Separação e identificação de constituintes químicos polares dos galhos de Porcelia Macrocarpa

This paper describes a methodology to separate and identify polar compounds as flavonoid and lignan glucosides, amino acids, salt of quaternary ammonium amino acid and carbohydrates from branches of Porcelia macrocarpa (Annonaceae).

Constituintes químicos de Gustavia augusta L. (Lecythidaceae)

Gustavia augusta is used in the folk medicine against leishmaniosis and showed anti-inflammatory action. The phytochemical studies of the plant stem bark have led to the isolation of (22E)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol, 24alpha(S)-ethyl-5alpha-colesta-7,trans-22-dien-3-one, D-friedoolean-14-en-3beta-ol, D-friedoolean-14-en-3-one and D-friedoolean-14-en-3alpha-ol along with stigmasterol, alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, lupeol, 3alpha-hidroxi-lupeol and betulinic acid. The structures of these compounds were identified by IR, GC/MS, ¹H and 13C NMR spectral analysis and comparison with literature data.

CGAR E CGAR-EM na análise dos constituintes químicos isolados do extrato hexanico de Sebastiania argutidens (Euphorbiaceae)

The fractionation column with SiO2 of the hexane extract of Sebastiania argutidens (Euphorbiaceae) yielded fractions containing hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes. Besides, one fraction showed the presence of several methyl esters, including four uncommon long chain palmitate esthers as minor components. The characterization of these chemical constituents have been done by High Resolution Gas Chromatography (HRGC) and HRGC coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Campesterol, stigmasterol, b-sitosterol, glutin-5-en-3-ol were identified by HRGC co-injection with standards.

Constituintes químicos isolados de simira glaziovii (K. schum) steyerm. e a atribuição dos deslocamentos químicos dos átomos de carbono e hidrogênio do alcalóide ofiorina e seus derivados

Chromatographic fractionation of bark extracts from Simira glaziovii (Rubiaceae) afforded the steroids beta-sitostenone, stigmastenone, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, methyl trans-4-hidroxy-3-methoxycinamate (1), the alkaloids harmane (2) and the new stereoisomer of ophiorine B (3). The structures were established by ¹H and 13C NMR, including 2D techniques and mass spectral analysis, of the natural products and pentaacetyllyalosidic acid (4a) and beta-carboline monoterpene tetraacetylglucoside (5, 1,22-lactamlyaloside) derivatives obtained by chemical transformations.

Constituintes das cascas de Tapirira guianensis (Anacardiaceae)

From the hexane extract of barks of Tapirira guianensis were isolated and identified beta-sitosterol, 3beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-sitosterol, sitostenone and stigmast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one. Besides these compounds six alkyl ferulates were obtained including a new one with an unusual odd alkyl chain, nonadecyl coumarate. All structures were determined by spectral data.

Isolamento e avaliação da atividade nematicida de constituintes químicos de Mucuna cinerea contra Meloidogyne incognita e Heterodera glycines

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts and roots of Mucuna cinerea led to the isolation of a mixture of fatty acids, triacylglicerols, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmasterol glucoside, daucosterol, asperglaucide (4) and the isoflavonoids prunetin (1), genistein (2), medicarpin (3), daidzein (5), 7-O-alpha-glycopiranosyl daidzein (6). An in vitro bioassay was carried out with compounds 1-4, at the concentration of 50 and 5 mug mL-1 against the phytonematodes M. incognita and H. glycines. Although the four compounds showed some nematocidal property, the most active was (1), causing 70% mortality of M. incognita at the concentration of 50 mug mL-1.

Constituintes químicos de Arrabidaea samydoides (Bignoniaceae)

Chemical investigation of Arrabidaea samydoides resulted in the isolation of the flavone chrysin; five triterpenes: lupeol, ursolic acid, 3b,16a-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene, uvaol, and erythrodiol; and two sterols: sitosterol and stigmasterol. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. This paper deal with the first phytochemical study of Arrabidaea samydoides.

Constituintes químicos de Alchornea glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae)

Chemical investigation of the leaves of Alchornea glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae) afforded a mixture of b-sitosterol and stigmasterol, the terpenoid loliolide, the guanidine alkaloid N-1,N-2,N-3-triisopentenylguanidine and the phenolic compound corilagin. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties of the crude methanolic extract of the leaves and of fractions from its fractionation, were investigated against a series of bacteria and fungi, as well as against four human cancer cell lines.

Constituintes químicos de Ottonia corcovadensis Miq. da floresta Amazônica: atribuição dos deslocamentos químicos dos átomos de hidrogênio e carbono

In an ethanolic extract of leaves of Ottonia corcovadensis (Piperaceae) were identified sixteen terpenoids of essential oil and the three flavonoids 3',4',5,5',7-pentamethoxyflavone (1), 3',4',5,7-tetramethoxyflavone (2) and 5-hydroxy-3',4',5',7-tetramethoxyflavone (3) and cafeic acid (4). Two amides (5 and 6) were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the roots. The structures were established by spectral analysis, meanly NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectra. Extensive NMR analysis was also used to complete ¹H and 13C chemical shift assignments of the flavonoids and amides. The components of the essential oil were identified by computer library search, retention indices and visual interpretation of mass spectra.

Constituintes químicos voláteis das flores e folhas do pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata, Lam.)

The volatile constituents obtained from a static cryogenic headspace of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Leguminosae) showed E-beta-ocimene as the major compound (57.2%), beside other monoterpenes, C6 derivatives like n-hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal and nitrogen compounds such as indole and methyl anthranilate. From the essential oil of the leaves obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol was identified as the major constituent while phenolic compounds were the most representative class of secondary metabolites.

Constituintes polares das folhas de Machaonia brasiliensis (Rubiaceae)

Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract of the leaves of Machaonia brasiliensis (Rubiaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of 3beta-O-beta-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol, 3beta-O-beta-glucopyranosyl sitosterol, secologanoside, 7-O-beta-glucopyranosyl quercetagetin, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR experiments. The chemotaxonomic relevance of the isolation of secologanoside is discussed.