Atividade antiproliferativa de Sloanea garckeana K. Schum.

The crude methanol extract and hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol fractions from leaves of S. garckeana were examined in vitro for their antiproliferative activity on MCF-7, NCI-ADR, NCI-460, UACC-62, 786-0, OVCAR-03, PCO-3 and HT-29 human cancer cell lines. Among the assayed fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed to be cytotoxic against 786-0, UACC-62, OVCAR-03 and NCI-ADR cell lines with IC50 values of 12 µg/mL, 42 µg/mL, 53 µg/mL and 51 µg/mL, respectively. Through fractionation and isolation procedures compound (1) was obtained from the EtOAc fraction and its structure was elucidated by spectral techniques.

Nutrientes (K, P, Ca, Na, Mg e Fe) em sedimentos (solos aluviais) e cultivares (feijão e milho) de praias e barrancos de rios de água branca: a bacia do purus no estado do Acre, Brasil

The present research highlights the macronutrient abundance in the sediments of beaches and cliffs and cultivates in the river Purus and flowing, southwest of Amazon. The concentrations found in leaves and bean seeds and corn leaves reflect the mineralogical and chemical nature of those rich sediments in K2O and Na2O, which are formed by smectite, illite and K-feldspar. The factors of transfer of the elements in the corn leaves and bean (Ca>K>Na) and bean seeds (Na>K>Ca) demonstrate that the nutrient needs of the cultivate were found appropriately in the sediments (soils) of the beaches and cliffs.

Determinação do coeficiente de atividade em diluição infinita de hidrocarbonetos em furfural a 298,15 K por SPME-GC/FID

In this work a new method (SPME-GC/FID) was developed to analyze the activity of binary liquid mixtures. The purpose is to demonstrate that SPME is capable to be used to determinate activity coefficients at infinite dilution knowing the fiber properties, with a lower cost than the conventional methods encountered in literature such as GLC. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution in furfural for n-hexane, n-heptane and cyclohexane at 298.15 K was determined using SPME and deviations of literature data was about 7%.

Variación del grado de avance de reacción en sistemas cerrados en equilibrio químico que modifican la temperatura a volumen constante

In this paper it is presented a thermodynamic analysis that aims to find the mathematical expression of the variation of extent of reaction with the infinitesimal variation in the temperature at constant volume of a chemical equilibrium mixture. The goal of this paper is to establish an alternative approach to avoid both the Le Chatelier's principle and the problems that emerge when trying to apply its qualitative statements. This attempt is based on the laws of thermodynamics.

Determinação da constante de dissociação (Ka) do captopril e da nimesulida: experimentos de química analítica para o curso de farmácia

This paper presents the determination of the dissociation constant (Ka) of captopril and nimesulide as contextualized experiments to teach chemical concepts to students of Pharmacy. Captopril is an antihypertensive drug, which presents high water-solubility and weak acid properties. The pKa of carboxylic acid group of captopril is 3.7. Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparingly soluble in water. It is weakly acidic (pKa ≈ 6.5) because of its methanesulfonamide functional group. The pKa of captopril was determined by potentiometric titration with NaOH 2.0 x 10-2 moL L ¹. The pKa of nimesulide was determined by using spectrophotometry and photometric titration. The experimental values of pKa of both drugs are in very good agreement with those from literature

Análise e discriminação de quimiotipos de Lippia graveolens H.B.K. da Guatemala por microextração em fase sólida, CG-EM e análise multivariada

SPME-GC-MS, PCA and HCA multivariate techniques were used in order to evaluate their applicability to discriminate the three chemotypes (thymol, carvacrol and mixed) described for L. graveolens of Guatemala. The leaves of L. graveolens are used for treatment of colds, bronchitis, and as seasoning for food preparations, yielding essential oil up to 4.34 %. Leaves of 35 individuals from eight populations, and eight composite samples were analyzed using a DVB/Carboxen/PDMS fiber and GC-MS. PCA and HCA were carried out using eight markers (p-cymene, cis-sabinene hydrate, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, thymol, carvacrol, (E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide). The three chemotypes of L. graveolens were satisfactorily discriminated.

Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos na otimização da extração de Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu e Mn em folhas de braquiária

This work applied a 2² factorial design to the optimization of the extraction of seven elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese) in brachiaria leaves, determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The factors sample mass and digestion type were evaluated at two levels: 200/500 mg, and dry/wet, respectively. Principal component analysis allowed simultaneous discrimination of all the significant effects in one biplot. Wet digestion and mass of 200 mg were considered the best conditions. The decrease of 60% in sample mass allowed to save costs and reagents. The method was validated through the estimation of figures of merit.

Volatile and non-volatile compounds and antimicrobial activity of Mansoa difficilis (Cham.) Bureau & K. Schum: (Bignoniaceae)

Essential oil from the leaves of Mansoa difficilis was analyzed by GC/MS. Oct-1-en-3-ol (49.65%) was the major compound, but diallyl di- and trisulfide were also present (0.85 and 0.37%, respectively), justifying the garlic-like odor of the crushed leaves. The hexane and methanol extracts of the leaves and stems afforded as main constituents a mixture of linear hydrocarbons, spinasterol, stigmasterol, ursolic and oleanolic acids, two apigenin derivatives and verbascoside. The hexane and methanol extracts of leaves were tested for antimicrobial activity against ten microorganisms. The hexane extract was active against both Psedomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Determinação da constante de velocidade absoluta para a reação de abstração de hidrogênio fenólico pelo estado excitado triplete de xantona em acetonitrila e no líquido iônico hexafluorfosfato de 1-butil-3-metil-imidazólio [bmim.PF6]

The triplet excited state of xanthone was generated and characterized by laser flash photolysis in acetonitrile (λmax=620 nm; t=1.8 ms) and in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim.PF6] (λmax=620 nm; t=3.0 ms). It reacts with phenols yielding the corresponding xanthone ketyl radical. Stern-Volmer plots for the reaction of triplet xanthone with phenols led to the determination of absolute rate constants for phenolic hydrogen abstraction in the order of ~10(9) Lmol-1s-1 in acetonitrile and ~10(8) Lmol-1s-1 in [bmim.PF6]. The lower diffusioncontrolled rate constant for [bmim.PF6] is responsible for the difference in the phenolic hydrogen abstraction rate constants in this solvent.

Avaliação de tratamentos da amostra em microescala para a determinação de K, Mg, Na e Zn em carnes por técnicas de espectrometria atômica

This paper describes the development of methods in micro-scale for the determination of K, Mg, Na and Zn in meat by atomic spectrometry techniques. The limits of detection (LOD) for K and Na by microdigestion were 0.18 and 0.20 mg g-1, respectively whereas LOD for Mg and Zn by microsolubilization with TMAH were 2.40 and 18.4 µg g-1, respectively. The RSD values were lower than 6.0% and the CRMs analyzed showed values with 95% agreement. The proposed methods are simple, fast and use small amounts of sample (around 10 mg) yet do not require special equipment for sample preparation.

Constituintes químicos das cascas do caule de Vochysia thyrsoidea Pohl. (Vochysiaceae) e avaliação das atividades citotóxica e inibitória frente as catepsinas B e K

A new flavonoid, catechin-3-O-(3"-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside, along with known compounds, catechin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, 3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoic acid, 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside and 1-butyl-D-fructofuranoside, has been isolated from the stem bark of V. thyrsoidea. These compounds were assayed for inhibition of protease activity (cathepsins B and K) and against cancer cell lines. Catechin-3-O-(3"-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside showed moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 62.02 µM) against cathepsin B while 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside was the most potent against a strain of CNS (SF-295) and human leukemia (HL-60) with IC50 = 36.80 µM and IC50 = 25.37 µM, respectively.

Propuesta de un test para determinar el conocimiento conceptual de estudiantes universitarios sobre la constante de equilibrio químico y su aplicación en estudiantes españoles

This article outlines a procedure that was used to develop a written test for evaluating the conceptual knowledge of chemical equilibrium constant among university students. The concepts in the subject matter were carefully defined through propositional statements. Students' understanding of the topic was determined through interviews. These data were used to produce nine multiple choice questions. Each question was designed to identify misconceptions related to the chemical equilibrium constant. The test was evaluated by foure associate professors and was administred to a total of 196 spanish university students. This test has a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.63 and its content validity values ranged from 3.7 to 5.

In vitro effect of isoschaftoside isolated from Syngonium podophyllum on pig kidney Na+, K+-ATPase

The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of isoschaftoside isolated from Syngonium podophyllum on pig kidney Na+,K+-ATPase. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity was determined by colorimetric measurement of inorganic phosphate (Pi), resulting from ATP hydrolysis. Isoschaftoside significantly decreased the renal Na+, K+-ATPase activity at the highest concentration as well as at a lower concentration. Our work suggests that isoschaftoside is a promising compound for the treatment of hypertension.

Construção e aplicação físico-química de um eletrodo de segunda espécie, sensível ao íon oxalato, em meio aquoso

Este trabalho descreve a construção de um eletrodo de segunda espécie, Pt|Hg|Hg2Ox|Grafite, sensível ao íon oxalato (Ox). O eletrodo é construído facilmente, apresenta um rápido tempo de resposta, é de baixo custo, e tem um tempo de vida útil superior a 12 meses. O potencial molal padrão do eletrodo a 25ºC é 417,3 ± 1,0 mV. A validação do eletrodo foi conseguida pela determinação do produto de solubilidade,T K PS (I=0), do Hg2C2O4 (T K PS = (2,53 ± 0,21) x 10-13 mol². L-2). Uma característica favorável consiste no fato de que o eletrodo pode ser utilizado para determinar a concentração de íons oxalato livres em sistemas complexos de íons metálicos.

Estudo eletroquímico de Fe[Fe(CN)5NO] em eletrodo de pasta de grafite

Nitroprussiato de ferro (FeNP) foi sintetisado e caracterizado por Infravermelho e absorção atômica. FeNP foi incorporado em eletrodo de pasta de grafite empregando-se como técnica de estudo a voltametria cíclica. O comportamento eletroquímico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo FeNP apresenta dois processos eletródicos com potencial médio (Em) de (Em)1 = 0,24 V e (Em)2 = 0,85 V ( KCl =1,0M; v = 20 mV.s-1 vs ECS) atribuídos aos pares redox ( FeII/FeIII ) e FeII(CN)5NO/ FeIII(CN)5NO, respectivamente. A intensidade de corrente dos pares redox aumenta, linearmente com a velocidade de varredura indicando um controle de adsorção. O eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificada com FeNP apresenta estabilidade por vários dias. O estudo eletroquímico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificada com FeNP foi examinado em várias soluções de eletrólitos suporte sendo que a natureza do cátion afetam a intensidade de corrente e os potenciais dos pares redox ,deslocando (Em)1 para potenciais mais positivos na sequência: K+ >Na+>Li+ enquanto que a natureza do anion (Cl-, NO3-,SO4=) não afeta os pares redox. Os voltamogramas obtidos em diferentes concentrações de KCl (0,05 - 2,5 M)exibem deslocamentos do (Em)1 para potencial de valores mais positivos. Este deslocamento é linear com a variação da concentração do eletrólito suporte. A inclinação da reta é de 66 mV por década de concentração indicando a ocorrência de um processo quase nernstiano. O potencial médio permanece praticamente constante em pH entre os valores de 3,0 e 8,0. Um outro processo eletródico com (Em)3 = 0,47 V ocorre em pH < 3, sendo este atribuído a formação de novas espécies intermediárias.