Black women's writing: contributions to the literary, feminist and gender studies.

This work is a reflection on black women’s writing, which has been and yet, sometimes, is marginalized and reduced to invisibly in our literary field due to several factors . Therefore, it becomes important to give visibility to this writing so as to discuss the marks of feminism, race and gender that it brings, showing its contributions for the construction of a new and empowered discourse on black women, which represents a differential for literary discourse and affects the canon, since it t promotes the construction of a new perspective, a differentiated representation of black women, emphasizing their forms of struggle and resistance, front the exclusionary sociocultural systems.  In order to do that, I bring up some theoretical voices such as that, of Guacira Lopes Louro (1997); Abdias do Nascimento (2000); Tatau Godinho (2008), among others that deal with the theme, as well as texts written by  black women writers such as Alzira Rufino, Esmeralda Ribeiro e Cristiane Sobral to argue and think about a literature that deals with black women autonomy,  and challenges the dominant power systems, a literature that gives emphasis to women and ethnic-racial issues from perspective of the black person herself , since this project was relegated to oblivion for too long or portrayed in as stereotyped way by other voices, other discourses guided by a masculine and eurocentric bias. In this way, we hope to show how it is relevant to black women's literature, because makes us reflect and face the mechanisms of oppression, subalternization against women, especially black women, and race and gender prejudice, and its effects, that still can be seen daily in different social and cultural contexts.  

ATIRE EM SOFIA, THE WRITER SÔNIA COUTINHO: WRITING AND RESISTANCE IN THE LITERATURE OF FEMALE AUTHORSHIP

The literature on female authorship as a place for questions about the female, is one of the topics discussed in feminist theory and in this article will be reviewed by the trajectory of feminist thought in the contemporary context. This analysis will give from the novel Atire em Sofia (1989), the writer Sonia Coutinho. This perspective will be appointed after the rupture of the central character, Sophie, with tradition and with the subjugation of his body. The narrative discusses the status of women, which has always worked in phallocentric discourse, the signifier always referred to the meaning, signaling that it is time to reverse the situation and take over the deed to her sign her own story. To this end, we will use as a base, feminism, women and writing changes over the centuries that resulted in gender studies.

Relativity in legal writing

In this article, we discuss the linguistic variation in the coding of relativity in the Portuguese language. The theory of Variation and Change (Labov, 1972) provided the basis for this study. We analyzed 40 texts of legal writing, which contained between 5 and 15 pages, selected by the following criteria: type of activity, age and gender of the lawyers. We obtained 64 pieces of information, of which 34.4% refers to the occurrence of non-standard relative clauses and 65.6% to the forms prescribed by the normative grammar. As aspects of linguistic basis, we controlled the syntactic function of the relative clause, its position in the sentence as well as the presence or absence of intervening material in the sentence. We noted that although the forms considered standard still remain in monitored writing, it is now possible to notice a significant frequency of forms that go against grammatical textbooks, what can point to a linguistic change in progress.