THE FORTIFICATION TERMINOLOGY IN ITALIAN/PORTUGUESE BILINGUAL ASPECT

A Itália abriga em sua paisagem elementos arquitetônicosrepresentantes do antigo e do moderno. O país acompanha o desenvolvimentodo continente, empregando novas técnicas e materiais ao erigir novas edificações.É o caso de muitos arranha-céus da cidade de Milão, como o GrattacieloPirelli , com 31 andares e o Palazzo Lombardia , com 43, e outros projetos emandamento. As cidades crescem, mas o território italiano, devido à cultura dapreservação, mantém edificações representantes de muitos séculos de história,bem como áreas com achados arqueológicos, entre outros. Diante disso,neste trabalho serão investigadas, pelo viés terminológico, as fortificações, ouseja, construções erguidas com a finalidade da defesa. Como exemplos deproteção dos centros habitados há os mura aureliane , ao redor do centrohistórico de Roma, e de proteção de morada de nobres, o Castel Nuovo(Nápoles). O ponto de partida, então, é a realidade italiana, rica de exemplaresdesta tipologia. Já o objetivo, com base na Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia,é analisar os termos na língua italiana e a existência ou não das formas equivalentesna língua portuguesa, nos dicionários monolíngues gerais das duas línguas.Serão verificados desde o hiperônimo fortificazione até hipônimos comofortezza, cinta muraria. Aliada à análise terminológica, serão fornecidos algunsdados históricos sobre algumas dessas fortificações.

LINGUISTIC VARIATION IN THE PORTUGUESE IMMIGRANT PRESS

In this study, we discuss the complex social and linguistic experience of Portuguese immigrant, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The empirical patterns of clitic placement were described and analyzed in texts taken from Portuguese immigrant press. Under this approach, the social conditions of language production and reproduction are taken into account; in other words, we focus on the structure of the subjective and objective relations that underlie the speakers’ choices.

A HISTORY OF PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE TEACHING MANUALS IN BRAZIL, IN THEIR VARIOUS LANGUAGES

This article aims to study the historical constitution of Portuguese Language Teaching Manuals in Brazil (PLT) in Brazil. To do this, we offer firstly an overview view of research on these Teaching Manuals as used in schools and in Portuguese language classes throughout the whole time they have existed. From this extensive period we draw attention to some historical perspectives that have decisively changed the direction of PLT, its classes and the day to day life in schools. From these we shall single out the public policies regarding quality pertaining to the National Program for Teaching Manuals (NPTM) and to the National Program for Teaching Manuals for High Schools, specifically and for 2015 (NPTMHS 2015). We seek theoretical support in: Comenius (1954), Oliveira et al. (1984), Soares (1986, 1998, 2001), Bittencourt (1993), Freitag et al. (1993), Munakata (1997), Coracini (1999), Batista (2001, 2003, 2004), Batista and Costa Val (2004), Bunzen (2001, 2005, 2009), Bunzen and Rojo (2008) Rojo and Batista (2008), among others. The result of this research will give a history of PLT made up of diverse social and political factors, as well as those continually arising.

POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TO THE TEACHING OF PORTUGUESE

This essay tackles the contributions that Critical Discourse Analysis can offer to the teaching of Portuguese, especially in terms of reader formation. The deconstruction of the myth of scientific neutrality, and its implications to reading, is the first contribution presented. Next, the need of making Portuguese students aware of the discourse opacity that characterizes the texts that circulate socially is discussed. Finally, the development of the capacity of critical reading of Portuguese students is discussed and an analysis of a journalistic text is carried out by way of exemplification.

MEMORY: REPORTS FROM A PORTUGUESE PROFESSOR

The purpose of this paper is to describe facts related to my experience as Portuguese Professor in the West of Paraná. My memory from 1982 to 1987 is marked by a proposal of mother language teaching that is the resulted of the work of ASSOESTE/UNICAMP which tried to interfere in the traditional work of the classroom. We are going to remember actions that resulted into `The text in the classroom´ project that took place in the West, and after that all Paraná. The history recuperation enables the event registers, and the reflection about the past experience makes it possible a present clear analysis from the perspective of the building of more conscious and productive future actions.