Desempenho agronômico, bromatológico e estabilidade fenotípica de sorgo silageiro em Uberlândia - MG

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a good alternative to be used as silage, especially in places with water scarcity and high temperatures, due to their morphological and physiological characteristics. The appropriate management, as the ideal seeding time, interferes both productivity and the quality of silage. The work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the agronomic and bromatological performance of varieties and hybrids of silage sorghum and their phenotypic stability in two seasons, season and off-season, in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. The experiments were performed at Capim Branco Experimental Farm of Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), located in the referred city. There were two sowing dates in the same experimental area, off-season (March to June 2014) and season (November 2014 to March 2015), and the varieties and hybrids were evaluated in both situations. The design was a randomized block with 25 treatments (hybrids and varieties of sorghum) and three replications. Agronomical and bromatological data were subjected to an analysis of variance; averages were grouped by Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability, through Genes computer program; and to estimate the stability, it was opted for Annicchiarico method. The flowering of cultivars, dry matter productivity, plant height, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Crude Protein (CP) are affected by the environment and the variety. Regarding productivity and quality of the fiber, SF11 variety was superior, independent of the rated environment. In relation to the performance stability of dry matter, the varieties SF15, SF11, SF25, PROG 134 IPA, 1141572, 1141570 and 1141562 were highlighted. For the stability of the quality of fibers (FDA and FDN), the variety 1141562 stood out. The environment reduces the expression of characters “days of flowering”, “plant height” and “productivity of dry matter of hybrids”. From the 25 hybrids analyzed for productivity and stability of dry matter performance, seven were highlighted, regardless of the rated environment: Volumax commercial hybrid and experiments 12F39006, 12F39007, 12F37014, 12F39014, 12F38009 and 12F02006.

Kisspeptina: efeito na maturação in vitro de ovócitos bovinos

This study aimed to evaluate different concentrations of kisspeptin, as well as the interaction of kisspeptin and FSH/LH in vitro maturation and oocyte competence in cattle. In Experiment 1 was determined the minimum concentration of Kisspeptin (Kp) to be used, and in Experiment 2 was evaluated its interection with FSH and LH. The oocytes were collected in a commercial slaughterhouse and only Grade I oocytes were utilized. The oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium with bicarbonate plus 10% FBS, sodium pyruvate (22μg/mL), amikacin (83mg/mL), FSH (0.5μg/mL), with different concentrations of Kp, the treatments were: FSH + 0M Kp-10; FSH + 10-7M Kp-10, FSH + 10-6M Kp-10; FSH + 10-5M Kp-10. In Experiment 2, was used better concentration of Kp found in Experiment 1, the following treatments: no hormones; FSH; FSH + Kp-10; FSH + LH; FSH, LH + Kp-10; Kp-10. The oocyte competence was determined by nuclear maturation, mitochondrial distribution, MitoTracker® Orange CMTMRos fluorescence intensity and DCF. The evaluation of nuclear maturation was made after 24 hours incubation and the oocytes were stained with DAPI to determine the nuclear stage (Germinal Vesicle-GV, Metaphase I-MI and Metaphase II-MII).The mitochondrial distribution was classified as peripheral/semiperipheral and diffuse in clusters/granules, evaluated after stained with the MitoTracker® Orange CMTMRos, and was also identified the intensity of it. To determine the intensity of ROS oocytes were stained with DCF. The statistical analysis was performed by SAS GLIMMIX PROC. In Experiment 1 oocytes matured only with the FSH reached a smaller nuclear maturation when compared to those who were matured with Kisspeptin at different concentrations (FSH:13/33; FSH + 10-7M Kp-10: 28/35; FSH + 10-6M Kp-10:30/34; FSH + 10-5M Kp-10:28/32; P=0,0001). There was no statistical difference in mitochondrial distribution between treatments (P>0.05). The fluorescence intensity of MitoTracker did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). The DCF fluorescence intensity was lower when the concentration of Kp was increased in the medium (FSH:12177726,1; FSH + 10-7M Kp-10:10945982,83; FSH + 10-6M Kp-10:9820536,53; FSH + 10-5M Kp-10:9147016,38; P<0,0001). Based in the Experiment 1 results, the concentration of Kp was determined in 10-7M. In Experiment 2 the mitochondrial distribution was different between treatments, because oocytes matured only with Kp or FSH+LH, reached a oocyte competence greater than those maturated with FSH only or without hormone addition (no hormones:66,66%; FSH:66,66%; FSH + Kp-10:75,86%; FSH + LH:91,17%; FSH, LH + Kp-10:82,85%; Kp-10:91,17%; P<0,05). The no hormones resulted in a lower nuclear maturation than the other treatments (no hormones: 5/18; FSH:18/32; FSH + Kp-10:22/29; FSH + LH:26/33; FSH, LH + Kp-10:26/34; Kp-10:25/34; P=0,0094). The fluorescence intensity of probes MitoTracker and DCF was lower when Kp was added to the maturation medium (no hormones:1228363/540069; FSH:2307984/1395751; FSH + Kp-10:1941890/1114948; FSH + LH:2502145/1722376; FSH, LH + Kp-10:2286173/1467782; Kp-10:1859411/979325 P<0,0001). So this is the first study that shows that Kisspeptin stimulates oocyte maturation without the presence of gonadotropins in the maturation medium.

Desempenho reprodutivo de varrões e matrizes suínas de diferentes linhagens durante as estações do ano

The industrial Brazilian pig farming despite of the constant advance in the genetic improvement, nutrition, and in handling, seasonality problems occur in the production of weaned piglet, mainly due to the stations of the year that can impact directly in the profitability. These problems can be deepen due to breed and line of decent used in Brazil are all source from tempered weather countries. To the pig farmer it's difficult to determine the relations between indoor temperature of the barns, relative humidity of the air and top thermal amplitude which can provide good reproductive rates for the boars and arrays lodged in conventional barns. The lack research to production of environmental indices of easy interpretation to pigs, which are not dependent of complicated handling machines and also which are not expensive is considered as a negative factor from the producers. the objective os this experiment is evaluate the effects of the stations of the year over the reproductive performance of the boars Agroceres PIC 425, Agroceres PIC 337 and D.B. Dambred LM 6200, and of arrays Agroceres Canborough 22, Penarlan Naima e DB90 Danbred, in addition develop an environmental index with easy interpretation and use to the pig farmers of the region of Uberlândia - MG, using the maxim temperatures, rainfall monthly accumulated and of the thermal amplitude of the barn. The features rated during the stations of the years 2013 and 2014 were the volume and spermatic quality of the boars and the mainly reproductive indexes of the arrays as the total number of piglets born alive and total number of weaned piglets/ array/ parturition. The station of the year which had the worst results in the reproductive feature of the boars and arrays was the spring. Boars from different line of decent are sensitive to the effects of stress of the heat of spring causing lowest volume, concentration and problems in the spermatic morphology (p<0,05). The spring prejudice the reproductive indexes of arrays from different line of decent (p<0,05) and the pig farmers of Uberlândia are subjected to operating losses and income evasion due to the thermal stress in the reproduction that added can reach $150.000,00 annual for each 1000 arrays lodged/year.