Eficácia política de uma crítica: Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes e a constituição de uma teia interpretativa da história do cinema brasileiro

This work aims to contribute to theoretical and methodological analysis of writing the history of Brazilian cinema. The object of this study the trilogy of articles in Cinema: the trajectory of underdevelopment regimented, the critic and historian Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes, seeks to understand the process of setting up a web interpretative history of our film based on this work and how to rescue its historicity.

Antonio Carlos Viana e as escritas do erotismo em Aberto está o inferno

A presente dissertação objetiva estabelecer uma interface entre os estudos da linguagem performática na literatura e os estudos sobre o erotismo a partir da obra do escritor sergipano Antonio Carlos Viana. Trazendo à tona o lado violento e traumático de experiências sexuais, são nela analisados os contos “As meninas do coronel”, “Mal-assado” e “In Memoriam”, pelo viés da prostituição, do casamento e da morte, respectivamente. Observa-se que, ao optar pela escrita sobre o corpo e pela problematização do erotismo vinculada a uma perspectiva nauseante do sexo, desvinculada da ideia de prazer, Viana performatiza, de acordo com os pressupostos do novo realismo, experiências afetivas marcadas pela dor. Para investigar os procedimentos de linguagem utilizados por Viana, com o intuito de desvendar os enigmas que perpassam o universo emocional e labiríntico de personagens devastados por sentimentos que mesclam corrupção, poder, morte e erotismo, recorro aos estudos sobre o caráter performático e grotesco da linguagem no novo realismo – em especial ao pensamento de Karl Erik Schøllhammer e Mikhail Bakhtin –, sobre a relação entre morte e erotismo – a partir das considerações de George Bataille, Octavio Paz e Philippe Ariès – e sobre as nuances da sexualidade e suas revoluções – mediante o pensamento de Anthony Giddens.

Uma leitura de gênero nos contos "Prelúdio", "Na baía" e "A casa de bonecas", de Katherine Mansfield

This work aims to analyze the short stories “Prelude”, “At the Bay” and “The Doll’s House”, by Katherine Mansfield under the prism of the gender studies (mainly on the works of Joan Scott and Elisabeth Badinter). To reach such objective, and based on the feminist criticism works (especially those of Elaine Showalter and Toril Moi), we analyzed the three stories, which are from the writer’s so-called “family phase”. The present work contains a bibliographical contextualization of Mansfield’s modernist work under three main aspects: modernism, the short story and women’s writing/writings on women. From the analysis of the three short stories, we observed that questions of gender, representation and identity were depicted by means of the preponderance of female characters from all ages, marital statuses and classes. At the end it was possible to verify how Mansfield works contributed to a reflection about places and roles occupied by women in turn of the XIX and XX Centuries, whereas how this author was also in search for her own identity as a woman and as a writer, exactly in a context when women writers and women’s writings started to become more visible face to a predominantly masculine literary canon.

Do trabalho de Deus... Adeus ao trabalho? Ontologia, precarização, controle do trabalho e fetichismo em A caverna de José Saramago

The aim of this study is to undertake a theoretical analysis of the literary and sociological Cave, Jose Saramago, having as main theme the precariousness of work and control, followed by some key developments. Anchored in the sociology of work and endorsed by the sociology of literature methodologically by Antonio Candido, and guided by the narrative Saramago in the cave, seeking to understand the work activity as central and essential to the production and reproduction of material life. It discusses the precariousness of work, as well as the historical forms of ownership and control of labor activity. Scales the impact of large corporations that control and the conflict between mechanized and manual labor in the process, questioning the nefarious effects of the restructuring of the productive working class, especially on small businesses and craft work. It also addresses the rise of a category gestorial in the process of labor control throughout history Finally, invoking the metaphor of Plato\'s cave in this work Saramago, explores how labor control by large corporations causes the estrangement in all dimensions of life, establishing relationships between fetishism, consumer relations and sociability.

Estudo sobre o descobrimento do cogito em Descartes

Ce travail est le résultat d’une recherche dédiée à étudier le processus philosophique de la découverte du cogitochez Descartes. Ses buts ont été : a) de préciser qu’il existe d’autres possibilités d’interprétation du cogito au-delà de celles les plus courantes et b) de montrer que, dans cette découverte, il y a un trajet qui passe nécessairement par les degrés de la sagesse. La mise en oeuvre du travail d’enquête a exigé la manipulation des sources bibliographiques primaires, constituées des principaux écrits de Descartes, avec une plus grande attention à laLettre-préface des Principes de la philosophie, aux Méditations sur la philosophie première, aux Principes de la philosophie et aux Réponses aux secondes objections. Nous avons cherché à lier ces textes traditionnels aux textes de la littérature secondaire de la modernité, prouvant ainsi la pertinence du sujet au sein du domaine de la Philosophie dans les universités brésiliennes. Pour attester nos constatations, nous nous sommes appuyés sur l’analyse linguistique de termes spécifiques au discours cartésien, en utilisant des dictionnaires de latin (langue dans laquelle a été écrite une grande partie du texte de Descartes), du français de la Renaissance et de portugais. L’argumentation s’est arrêtée dans la mise en contexte du cadre des degrés de la sagesse. Pour cela, il a été nécessaire d’expliquer les notions fondamentales de la philosophie cartésienne explicitées dans la Lettre-préface. Par exemple, le concept de philosopher qui, chez Descartes, est fortement associé à la pulsion sceptique, source commune d’inspiration pour le philosophe et pour le sceptique, étant, en outre, point de convergence entre Descartes et un autre penseur avec lequel il réalise une espèce de conversation : Montaigne. Pendant le moment du quatrième degré de la sagesse, Descartes identifie, dans la pensée de Montaigne, les traces permettant de transcender le quatrième vers le cinquième degré de la sagesse, celui-ci signifiant surtout la découverte des premières causes, des premières notions, des principes qui engendrent toute la Philosophie. La portée des premières notions ou causes, des principes est l’objectif principal du philosopher cartésien. Descartes distingue, même si de façon non explicitée, entre des notions communes et des notions primitives. Dans les deux cas, il s’agit de notions premières, néanmoins, chacun a une fonction différente au sein de la philosophie cartésienne. Les notions communes sont les règles de la raison ou les principes logiques qui confirment la découverte d’un savoir. Les notions primitives sont les principes qui engendrent le savoir. La conclusion présentée dans ce travail – la découverte du cogito passe par les quatre degrés de la sagesse, en réalisant avec excellence, dans son cinquième degré, une expérience dans laquelle il faut trouver l’instance originelle de la pensée – renforce notre constatation, ne mettant pourtant pas fin aux discussions. Puisque, dans la myriade de réflexions sur le sujet, ce n’est qu’une modeste collaboration.

Das saudades que se tem: a representação paterna na escrita autobiográfica de Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós

In our work, we analyze some works of Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós that compose the “autobiographical cycle”, especially those ones that bring the image of father’s absence/presence, the relationship between life and writing, as well as the father’s figurations and his intermediates and substitutes. We especially investigated the aspect of repetition about how the family relations are articulated, highlighting those ones that happen between father and son and that appear in these texts. This problematic interested us as a research object, a priori, because the works of Bartholomeu Campos de Queirós are an exponent of literature for children field, as far as they show that the childhood is not always “colorful”, happy and perfect as several productions supposedly made “for children” seek to have us believe. In addition, the selected texts that have an autobiographical characteristic and put the issue of child suffering because of the father’s absence are configured as a very rich corpus for studies related to the relation between life/work and investigations in the dialogue between Literature and Psychoanalysis. These aspects will permit us to understand why the pain of missing father be repetitive and insistent in these books. Thus, we problematize, by the selected works for this study, the concept of literature for children and young people and the notion of literary reading. We also analyzed in the “statements” given by the author the relationship between life and writing and we investigated, based on psychoanalytic studies, the literary writing as a possibility of both unconscious development of memory marked by the father’s absence – remedy – as of a perpetuation of this same conflict – poison. Furthermore, we analyzed how the relationship between son and father are processed considering the mother’s absence, since the works that have this person’s presence, she seems to mediate such relationships in a certain way.