9 resultados para Russian, East European
em Corvinus Research Archive - The institutional repository for the Corvinus University of Budapest
Resumo:
Az Eurpai Uni szmos j lehetsget knlt s j kihvst jelentett a 2004-ben s 2007-ben belp 12 j tagorszg szmra. A csatlakozs mezgazdasgra gyakorolt hatsa mr a bvtst megelzen is az egyik legtbbet vitatott krds volt mind a rgi tagorszgok, mind a tagjelltek krben. A szerzk az j tagorszgok agrrgazdasgi teljestmnyei mgtt meghzd tnyezket igyekeznek azonostani a legfrissebb adatok s az eddigi tapasztalatok tkrben. Eredmnyeik szerint a csatlakozs alapveten pozitv hatst gyakorolt a trsg mezgazdasgra, noha az egyes orszgok klnbz mdon ltek a csatlakozs knlta lehetsgeikkel, ami a kezdeti adottsgokkal, valamint a belps eltti s utni agrrpolitikjukkal magyarzhat. A pozitv hatsok mellett szmos nehzsg is felmerlt - ezek kzl az ers versenyben val helytlls nehzsgei, illetve a kisgazdasgok htrnyos helyzete bizonyultak a leginkbb meghatroznak.
Resumo:
rsunkban azt vizsgljuk, hogy a hossz lejrat hatrids rfolyamok stacionaritst felttelez hibakorrekcis modellek, amelyeknek korbbi szmtsok szerint - a vilg devizapiaci forgalmnak mintegy 75 szzalkt kitev fejlett ipari orszgokra alkalmazva - kitn a mintn kvli elrejelz erejk, hogyan kpesek hrom keletkzp- eurpai orszg devizarfolyamt elrejelezni. A hrom vizsglat al vont deviza (cseh, magyar, lengyel) esetben az eredmnyek relcinknt nagyon eltrnek, s sszessgben kedveztlenebbek, mint a fejlett ipari orszgokra kapott eredmnyek, amit a nem teljesen rugalmas rfolyamrezsim, a rendelkezsre ll adatsor rvidsge, az eurzna-csatlakozshoz kapcsold bizonytalansgok, a devizakockzati s a hatrids kamatprmium ltezse, tovbb a Balassa-Samuelson-hats egyttes befolysaknt tudunk rtelmezni. JEL kd: E43, F31, F47. /===/ This paper studies whether models that assume long-maturity forward exchange rates are stationary (which proved in earlier studies to provide superior forecasting ability when applied to exchange rates of major currencies) are capable of forecasting the Euro exchange rates of three Central-East European currencies (the Czech koruna, Hungarian forint and Polish zloty). The results for the three currencies differ from each other and are generally much worse than those obtained earlier for major currencies. These unfavourable results are attributed to the consequences of managed exchange-rate systems, to the short time series available, to uncertainties related to future Euro-zone entry, to the existence of a foreign exchange and term premium, and to the BalassaSamuelson effect.
A kzp-kelet-eurpai bankfzik eredmnyessge (The success of the bank mergers in Central Eastern Europe)
Resumo:
Az elmlt vekben a nagy eurpai bankcsoportok egyre tbb kzp-kelet-eurpai bankot vsroltak fel. Tanulmnyunkban a bankfzik rtkteremt hatst rszvnyesi szemmel elemezzk. A kzp-kelet-eurpai rgiban tevkenyked ht legnagyobb bankcsoport 2000 s 2008 kztti akvizcis tranzakciit az esemnyelemzs mdszervel vizsgljuk. gy tnik, a rszvnyesek sszessgben rtkelik a bankcsoportok akvizcis trekvseit: a fzik kicsit tbb mint felben pozitv a kumullt abnormlis hozam, s enyhn pozitv az sszes esemny abnormlis hozamnak tlaga is. Szmtsaink sorn elsknt az egyes bankcsoportok felvsrlsi stratgijt rtkeljk. A felvsrls bejelentse krli hromnapos idintervallumot alapul vve, a Raiffeisen s az OTP stratgija tekinthet a legsikeresebbnek, mg az Erste felvsrlsai a legkevsb eredmnyesnek. Ezt kveten rvilgtunk arra, hogy eltr befekteti szndkbl ugyan, de mind a legmagasabb, mind a legalacsonyabb rtk gyletek esetben a pozitv abnormlis hozam fzik vannak tlslyban. Vgezetl megllaptjuk, hogy az orszghatron tvel gyletek befekteti megtlse nem rosszabb az orszghatron belli tranzakciknl. /===/ The big European banking groups have been buying up more and more banks in Central Eastern Europe. The study analyses the value-enhancing effects of the mergers from the shareholders angle by examining by occurrence analysis methods the Central East European acquisition transactions of the seven biggest banking groups between 2000 and 2008. The shareholders as a whole seem to appreciate the acquisition activity of the banks: cumulative abnormal yield is positive in over half the mergers and average abnormal yield of all occurrences is mildly positive as well. The authors evaluate first the acquisition strategies of each banking group. Based on a three-day period round the acquisition announcement, Raiffeisen and OTP seem to have the most successful strategies and Erste the least successful. Light is then shed on investment intentions in each case, but mergers with a positive abnormal yield predominate among the highest and the lowest value transactions. Finally, the investor evaluation of cross-border transactions is no worse than for domestic ones.
Resumo:
2004-ben Magyarorszg kilenc kzp-kelet-eurpai orszggal egytt csatlakozott az Eurpai Unihoz, ami szmos vltozst idzett el az agrrkereskedelem tern. A cikk clja, hogy a legfrissebb adatok s a szakirodalmi fejlemnyek tkrben bemutassa, hogyan alakult Magyarorszgon a mezgazdasgi alapanyagok s a feldolgozott termkek kereskedelme az Eurpai Unival. A megnyilvnul komparatv elnyk mdszert alkalmazva a cikk szmos kvetkeztetsre jutott. Elszr is vilgoss vlt, hogy a csatlakozs nvelte az agrrkereskedelem intenzitst, m negatv hatssal volt a kereskedelem egyenlegre. Kimutathat tovbb, hogy Magyarorszg az alacsony hozzadott rtk alapanyagexportra s a magas hozzadott rtk feldolgozott termkek importjra koncentrlt a csatlakozs utn, noha ezek komparatv elnyei nagymrtkben megvltoztak egy hatkony alkalmazkodsi folyamat kvetkeztben. A vltozsok tnyt tmasztjk al a klnbz rvid s hossz tv stabilitsvizsglatok is, amelyek az agrrtermkek megnvekedett versenyre utalnak az EU-15 piacn. Agrrpolitikai szempontbl az elemzsek altmasztjk a strukturlis reformok szksgessgt. / === / Numerous changes in agricultural trading from the EU accession of Hungary and nine other Central-East European countries in 2004. The article sets out to present, in the light of the latest figures and written contributions, how Hungarys EU trade in agricultural raw and semi-processed products developed thereafter. It uses the method of manifest comparative advantages to reach its conclusions. First, it became clear that accession increased the intensity of agricultural trading, although it had a detrimental effect on the trade balance. It also appeared that post-accession Hungary was concentrating on exports of basic materials of low added value and imports of processed articles with high added value, although these comparative advantages were much altered by an effective process of adaptation. The fact of the changes is supported by various short and long-term stability examinations, which point to increased competition for agricultural products on EU15 markets. From the policy point of view, the analyses support the need for structural reforms.
Resumo:
Work-life balance (WLB) is a key issue in our societies in which there is increasing pressure to be permanently available on demand and to work more intensively, and when due to technological change the borders between work and private life appear to be dissolving. However, the social, institutional and normative frames of a region have a huge impact on how people experience work and private life, where the borders between these spheres lie and how much control individuals have in managing these borders. Based on these arguments, this editorial to the special issue Work-life balance/imbalance: individual, organisational and social experiences in Intersections. EEJSP draws attention to the social institutions, frameworks and norms which have an effect on experience, practices and expectations about work-life balance. Concerning the time horizon, this editorial focuses on the change of regime as a reference point since socialist and post-socialist eras differ significantly, although there is still some continuity between them. The authors of this introduction offer an overview of the situation in CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) based mainly on examples of Visegrad countries.
Resumo:
The 1956 crises in the Soviet Bloc states, and the Hungarian October events in particular, had a profound impact on China's international and domestic policies. The Chinese Communist Party leadership party chairman Mao Zedong in particular had by the end of mid-1950s begun to conceive of "a great Chinese revolution," which would largely take the form of large-scale industrial modernization. At the same time, China's awareness that it could develop into a leading player in the international socialist camp led Mao and his colleagues to actively intervene on the East European scene, posing an implicit challenge to the Soviet dominance in the bloc. The apparent desire of the Hungarian and Polish people to break free from Stalinist socialism, and the real risk, as Mao saw it, of the bloc foundering, convinced the Chinese Party that only reforming institutional socialism and revising the Stalinist pattern of inter-state relations could keep the camp intact.
Resumo:
In the past decade, the East-Central European countries were provided significant external capacity building assistance in order to help their emergence as donors of foreign aid. This paper aims to map these capacity development programs and identify where they have helped and what challenges remain for the new donors. The main conclusion is that while capacity building has been instrumental in building organizational structures, working procedures and training staff, deeper underlying problems such as low levels of financing, lacking political will, the need for visibility and low staff numbers continue to hinder the new international development policies.
Resumo:
A szerz az Eurpai Unihoz az elmlt vtizedben csatlakozott orszgok felzrkzsnak sszefggseit vizsglja, rmutatva arra, hogy a kelet-kzp-eurpai trsg orszgainak termszetes modernizcis kzpontja az Eurpai Uni. Az eurpai integrciba trtn szerves beplsnek nem volt s a jvben sincs relis alternatvja. Annak ellenre, hogy a nemzetkzi pnzgyi s gazdasgi vlsg rendkvl kedveztlen fordulatot hozott, az j tagorszgok tbbsgben jelents tem felzrkzsi folyamat indult el: egy vtizeden bell relatv pozcijuk az unis tlaghoz kpest tlagosan 15 szzalkpont javult a vsrler-paritson mrt egy fre jut GDP-t tekintve. A tagsg szmos elnye kzl ki kell emelni, hogy az unis kltsgvetsbl szrmaz kzvetlen transzferek hatsra az j tagllamok szmottev kls forrshoz jutottak, aminek rvn hossz tv fejldsket s versenykpessgket befolysol terleteken jelents beruhzsokat hajthattak vgre. E transzferek kapcsn a szerz felhvja a figyelmet arra, hogy a szk ltkren szmtott nett haszonlvezi pozci valjban klcsns elnyket rejt: az EU fejlettebb orszgai szmra is komoly elnyk szrmaznak a megnvekedett importkeresletbl s ltalban a bvls kereskedelemteremt hatsaibl. _____ The author analyses some catch-up aspects of countries joining the EU in 2004 and 2007, pointing out that the EU is an obvious centre of modernization for the countries in East Central Europe. There was no realistic alternative to participating in the European integration process and this applies also to the future. Contrary to the extremely bad general environment caused by the international financial and economic crisis, most new member-states were able to converge on the EU average quite fast: within a decade the relative regional level of development measured in GDP per capita terms and compared with the EU average increased by 15 per cent. It should be stressed that among several advantages of EU membership, direct transfers from the EU-level budget played a crucial role in improving competitiveness through investment. Looking beyond narrow-minded net budgetary positions, the author sees mutual comprehensive benefits: the more developed member-states can enjoy additional demand for their products, and in general benefit from the trade-creating effects of enlargement.
Resumo:
Az Amerikai Egyeslt llamok mint a vilg gazdasgilag s katonailag legersebb hatalma hamarosan lekzdi a jelenlegi vlsgot s tovbbra is vezet hatalom marad. Eurpban a fbb tennivalkat tovbbra is a demogrfiai helyzet, a migrci kezelse s az sszeurpai intzmnyek kialaktsa jelenti. A szovjet utdllamok etnikai feszltsgekkel s demogrfiai hanyatlssal, tovbb az orosz befolys ersdsvel szmolhatnak. A hbors trsgekben a feszltsg nem fog cskkenni Irak, Afganisztn Irn, szak-Afrika s a Kzel-Kelet tovbbra is a figyelem kzppontjban lesz. Kna gazdasgi nvekedse kvetkeztben a vilg msodik legnagyobb hatalmv lphet el. sszessgben megllapthat, hogy a vilg az elmlt vekben nem lett biztonsgosabb s ez a tendencia folytatdik 2011-ben is. / === / The economic and political processes experienced in the world are followed by great attention not only by experts, but also by public opinion. The most important conclusions of the study are as follows: the United States as the economically and politically strongest power in the world will soon overcome the present crisis and preserve its leading power status. The main task in Europe will remain handling the demographic decline and migration, as well as to establish appropriate pan-European institutions. The post-Soviet successor states are facing ethnical tensions and demographic decline. In addition , they cannot resist the strengthening Russian influence. The tension in the war-zones is not expected to significantly ease, Iraq, Afghanistan, North Africa and the Middle East will remain high on the world's agenda. China thanks to its economic growth is going to become the second greatest power of the world. In the study we can read in detail about the development tendencies of the regions and states. To sum up, the world has not become safer at all in the past years and this tendency will continue also in 2011.
