Executive Managers in Large Mexican Family Businesses

The involvement of members of owners' families in the running of large family businesses in Mexico is decreasing. Although family members still hold key posts such as that of CEO, other executive posts tend to be delegated to professional salaried managers. Top managers, including family members, share some common characteristics. They are young compared with managers in other developed countries, their quality as human resources is high, and many of them are graduates of overseas MBA courses. Most of them are sufficiently experienced. Improvement of quality among top managers is a recent phenomenon in Mexico, and has been encouraged mainly by the following two factors. First, globalization of business activities was promoted by intense competition among firms under conditions of market liberalization. In order to equip themselves with the ability to cope with the globalization of their operations, large family businesses tried hard to improve the quality of top management, by training and educating existing managers, and/or by recruiting managers in the outside labor market. Second, developments in the Mexican economy during the 1990s led to a growth in the labor market for top managers Thus, business restructuring caused by bankruptcy, as well as mergers and acquisitions, privatization and so on, led to the dismissal of business managers who then entered the labor market in large numbers. The increasing presence of these managers in the labor market helped family businesses to recruit well-qualified senior executives.

第3章 タイにおける条約の国会承認： 2007年憲法とその問題点

本稿では、2007年憲法による条約締結のための制度が成立した背景を概観する。そして、2007年憲法に基づく条約の国会承認過程が、どのような状況をもたらしているのかについて、基本的情報を整理する。2007年憲法は、「CEO首相」と称したタクシンのトップダウン型意思決定による対外政策を否定し、国民の代表である国会の審査を透徹させる事を目指していた。そのために国会承認条約の定義を拡大し、強い首相と弱い議会の力関係を司法が裁定者として調整する規定を設けた。しかしながら、2007年憲法による国会承認条約の定義は非常に広く、そのことが実務官僚の間に混乱をもたらしている。官僚らは憲法裁の違憲判決を恐れてほぼすべての条約案を議会に提出するようになり、膨大な条約案の審査とそのための準備は、官僚ばかりでなく議員にとっても大きな負担となっている。2009年には、議会で第190条の修正を含む憲法改正案が提出されたが、連立与党間の政治的駆け引きにより、反対多数で否決された。190条の定義をいかに具体化し、国際関係を運営する上で効率性と民主的統治のバランスをどうとっていくのか、今後の動向が注視される