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em Academic Research Repository at Institute of Developing Economies


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2003年人身取引にかんする議定書の発効を機に人身取引問題への取り組みがグローバル規模の課題となっている。タイは,2006年UNODCの報告によれば,人身取引被害者の出身国,中継国そして到達国としてもっとも高い指標に位置づけられている。本稿は,タイにおける人身取引問題のなかでも,ミャンマーからタイヘの多数の人口の流入が人身取引を誘発する要因のひとつをなしている点に着目し,ミャンマーからタイヘの人身取引問題とタイの移民労働政策との断ちがたい関係を分析し,それに対するタイおよびミャンマーの法的枠組みを考察する。タイにおけるミャンマー人の人身取引被害を労働搾取という観点からアプローチし,人身取引問題の解決には,刑法上の人身取引罪の加害者および被害者として法的手続で処理することに加え,自国の政治的経済的要因によってミャンマーからタイヘ越境し人身取引被害者となった者にとって最善の解決につながる法政策,さらには労働搾取による人身取引被害者をなくすための法政策が不可欠であることを論じる。

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The American Jewish community as a whole still remains very much supportive of Israel's policies. Most American mainstream Jewish organizations and their leaders have hardly criticized Israel's position regarding the occupation, settlements, and the peace process. But over the last ten years or so, different views and opinions have become more visible in the American Jewish community, as represented by J Street, a "pro-Israel and pro-peace" lobby. What has brought about this diversification in the American Jewish community over their attitude toward Israel's policies? Many opinion surveys indicate that younger American Jews have become more critical of Israel's policies with regard to the Palestine question and the peace process. This may be attributed to a shift in identity among young American Jews. Older American Jews tend to see Israel as democratic, progressive and peace-seeking, etc. In addition, they perceive Israel as a safe haven for Jews. But younger Jews draw from memories and impressions scene in recent events, such as the First and Second Intifada, and the military confrontations with Palestinian groups based in Gaza, all of which are perceived as morally and politically more complex than the wars Israel fought between 1948 and 1974. Communities in the Jewish diaspora try to influence the policies of their homeland in order to protect their identity and sets of values. While the American Jewish community is still strongly committed to liberal democratic values, its counterpart in Israel has leaned toward the political right and toward ethno-religious nationalism. The diffusion of identities and sets of values in both communities may bring about further shifts in the relations between the two communities.