Romanian glocalization : Case study on the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation Mining Project

At the end of the communist era, which was characterised as a closed social experiment, Romania found itself in the middle of a globalization process. Its industrial capacities have been considerably reduced through a poor and spendthrift management. There was a mass exodus of the labour force abroad and the educational background for the remaining part was no longer in agreement with the labour market. On these grounds, the vectors of globalization, in the form of foreign investments, entered Romania effortlessly. There even were local communities where the arrival of foreign investors was expected like a second coming of Christ. This is the context in which a Canadian company set forth the mining project Rosia Montana Gold Corporation. The implementation of the project should have started in 2005. Nevertheless, the project has not been effectively launched yet. This situation is based on what we call Romanian glocalization, namely a specific confrontation between global and local on Romanian land

The Darién Region, Connecting Road of the Americas, among the expressions of hydric wealth, land vocation and the extractive exploration on its violated forms

Colombia has oceanic waters, catchment areas, like lakes, cienagas and swamps, water flows, like rivers, gorges and streams, small rivers and groundwater. The oceanic waters are the Caribbean Sea-1600 km and the Pacific Ocean-1300 km that comprise the north and west continental territory, respectively. Actually the Region of Darién, geographically bounded by the Carribean Sea to the north is becoming to be focused by studies due to use conflicts and disputes about water and a forest reserve on its territories. Considering its location, strategic at northwestern Colombia, frontier region with Central America, several dynamics are imposed. One of them is the implantation of a road system entitled Connecting Road of the Americas. This fact means the construction of an infra-structure that will cross a special zone formed by swamps and jungle known as The Darién Gap. Evidences of such interests are revealed by projects like the constructions of Turbo's Port in the Atlantic Ocean, Department of Antioquia and Tribugá's Port in the Pacific Ocean, Department of Choco, the mountain road and the coastal conection Colombia-Venezuela attending to the main intentions of the central region of the department (Metropolitan Area of Aburrá Valley-AMVA). Human settlements form a productive system, based on small and medium familiar agriculture's production, corresponding to the western portion and piedmont of Abibe's mountain at its antioquian portion, alluvial plan that forms the rivers on this area, the littoral zone that delimits the Carribean Sea, the Darién and Baudó Mountains and the gulf that receives, among other waters, the ones from Atrato and León, as well as the exodus process constitutes a forced exit resulting from actions of several armed groups. It can be identified intense historical, cultural, political and environmental relations, specially the last one associated with strategic ecosystems that are fundamental for the hydric regulation of the region, as well as food safety of the local inhabitants. Results from two researches (UPB, 2007 y 2010) reveals this quick transformation in the spatial re-configuration, demographical and economical indicators and the exacerbated fight for resources, damaging the extractive vocation in the Region. Path to commerce of illegalities (drugs, guns) and to implementation of the agroindustrial project for biofuel production, cooperation program that involves Venezuela, Brazil and Colombia. Appropriation modes allow the existence of strategies since global interests revealing a development logic that privileges the conception of an artificialized nature. Since the smallest portion of rural areas, specific modes of resources exploration are linked to imposed interests of transnational corporations. Disparate consequences are going deeper evidenced by social, technical and nature transformations, envisioning risks for the habitability's condition

Cuando dialogan dos Antígonas : La tumba de Antígona de María Zambrano y Antígona furiosa de Griselda Gambaro

Antígona ha sido un tópico por más de 2.000 años, participando de una historia que siempre puede ser reconocida. Tanto la Guerra Civil española como la dictadura argentina vieron surgir Antígonas en busca de justicia. A partir de los trabajos de María Zambrano y Griselda Gambaro, este artículo busca rehabilitar discursivamente estas versiones. Por un lado, la filósofa española nunca regresó del exilio iniciado en 1939 y defendió hasta el final los valores republicanos. Cuando asumió que su expatriación era irreversible, ingresó en un exilio profundo del cual Antígona revela lo esencial, pasando de la "privación" a la "revelación" tanto en un modo filosófico como en el poético, tanto en sus ensayos como en su única pieza teatral, La Tumba de Antígona (1967), una significativa metáfora de la guerra fratricida y del exilio. Por otro, Antígona furiosa (1986) de Gambaro, reescribe la tragedia de Sófocles cuando denuncia el terrorismo de estado argentino en una furiosa Antígona. Gambaro, hermana y madre de desaparecidos de la guerra sucia eleva su grito por justicia en nombre de la fraternidad humana

Todo era América: Despoblación rural y políticas de inmigración (1850-1930)

Hasta principios del siglo XX la región de Castilla y León no figuraba en el cómputo de las regiones migratorias, situadas básicamente en la periferia mediterránea o en el noroeste español. En este texto se examinan brevemente las causas de este débil pulso migratorio como las que provocaron luego el éxodo masivo a América. Se exponen luego muy sumariamente las políticas migratorias de Argentina, Cuba y Brasil, principales países a los que se dirigían los castellanos. Teniendo en cuenta la decisiva importancia que la emigración española desempeñó en la formación del mercado de trabajo, podremos conocer mejor la evolución del fenómeno migratorio si examinamos cuándo y por qué se plantearon las distintas políticas de inmigración. Finalmente se analiza cómo se concretaron esas políticas de inmigración para conocer los grados de preferencia por un tipo u otro de emigrantes.

O rural depois do êxodo : As implicações do despovoamento dos campos no distrito de Arroio do Só, município de Santa Maria/RS, Brasil

This study aims to understand the sociospatial transformations resulting from the depopulation of the fields and their effects on the rural landscape of Arroio do Só in Santa Maria - RS. To this end, we attempted to identify changes in the way of life of rural people, their activities and relationships and understand how this process has occurred, its causes and its impact on quality of life and social structure of the population that remained in place. The discussion on the modernization of agriculture is key to understanding this process. This district was chosen as a research site because it is a town that, in the past, had a very big socioeconomic dynamism, and now, according to the bankruptcy of several companies and the consequent emigration of much of the population, the sociospatial dynamic has changed. It was collected data from a secondary source of FIBGE and FEE in order to periodize population dynamics of the district, county and state. The qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the subjects in the field and their representatives, with the help of the Field Diary

Epístolas de Max Aub a Ignacio Soldevila Durante (y viceversa) : El devenir de una preciosa amistad

A las migraciones de intelectuales como consecuencia de la Guerra Civil española, iniciadas ya en 1936, se sumaron posteriormente las de universitarios que desarrollaron su tarea allende las fronteras. Entre ellos, Ignacio Soldevila Durante, valenciano, quien se instaló en la ciudad de Québec en 1956. Dos años antes había dirigido una carta al escritor Max Aub, del que con el tiempo se convertiría en amigo y en su mejor especialista. El epistolario Aub-Soldevila (1954-1972) pone sobre el tapete, entre otros datos, detalles biográficos y elementos relacionados con la obra del escritor y con aquellas decisivas décadas del pasado siglo; asimismo, enuncia rasgos definitorios de cuantos la guerra arrojó a las playas del éxodo.

Cuando dialogan dos Antígonas : La tumba de Antígona de María Zambrano y Antígona furiosa de Griselda Gambaro

Antígona ha sido un tópico por más de 2.000 años, participando de una historia que siempre puede ser reconocida. Tanto la Guerra Civil española como la dictadura argentina vieron surgir Antígonas en busca de justicia. A partir de los trabajos de María Zambrano y Griselda Gambaro, este artículo busca rehabilitar discursivamente estas versiones. Por un lado, la filósofa española nunca regresó del exilio iniciado en 1939 y defendió hasta el final los valores republicanos. Cuando asumió que su expatriación era irreversible, ingresó en un exilio profundo del cual Antígona revela lo esencial, pasando de la "privación" a la "revelación" tanto en un modo filosófico como en el poético, tanto en sus ensayos como en su única pieza teatral, La Tumba de Antígona (1967), una significativa metáfora de la guerra fratricida y del exilio. Por otro, Antígona furiosa (1986) de Gambaro, reescribe la tragedia de Sófocles cuando denuncia el terrorismo de estado argentino en una furiosa Antígona. Gambaro, hermana y madre de desaparecidos de la guerra sucia eleva su grito por justicia en nombre de la fraternidad humana

Todo era América: Despoblación rural y políticas de inmigración (1850-1930)

Hasta principios del siglo XX la región de Castilla y León no figuraba en el cómputo de las regiones migratorias, situadas básicamente en la periferia mediterránea o en el noroeste español. En este texto se examinan brevemente las causas de este débil pulso migratorio como las que provocaron luego el éxodo masivo a América. Se exponen luego muy sumariamente las políticas migratorias de Argentina, Cuba y Brasil, principales países a los que se dirigían los castellanos. Teniendo en cuenta la decisiva importancia que la emigración española desempeñó en la formación del mercado de trabajo, podremos conocer mejor la evolución del fenómeno migratorio si examinamos cuándo y por qué se plantearon las distintas políticas de inmigración. Finalmente se analiza cómo se concretaron esas políticas de inmigración para conocer los grados de preferencia por un tipo u otro de emigrantes.

O rural depois do êxodo : As implicações do despovoamento dos campos no distrito de Arroio do Só, município de Santa Maria/RS, Brasil

This study aims to understand the sociospatial transformations resulting from the depopulation of the fields and their effects on the rural landscape of Arroio do Só in Santa Maria - RS. To this end, we attempted to identify changes in the way of life of rural people, their activities and relationships and understand how this process has occurred, its causes and its impact on quality of life and social structure of the population that remained in place. The discussion on the modernization of agriculture is key to understanding this process. This district was chosen as a research site because it is a town that, in the past, had a very big socioeconomic dynamism, and now, according to the bankruptcy of several companies and the consequent emigration of much of the population, the sociospatial dynamic has changed. It was collected data from a secondary source of FIBGE and FEE in order to periodize population dynamics of the district, county and state. The qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the subjects in the field and their representatives, with the help of the Field Diary

Epístolas de Max Aub a Ignacio Soldevila Durante (y viceversa) : El devenir de una preciosa amistad

A las migraciones de intelectuales como consecuencia de la Guerra Civil española, iniciadas ya en 1936, se sumaron posteriormente las de universitarios que desarrollaron su tarea allende las fronteras. Entre ellos, Ignacio Soldevila Durante, valenciano, quien se instaló en la ciudad de Québec en 1956. Dos años antes había dirigido una carta al escritor Max Aub, del que con el tiempo se convertiría en amigo y en su mejor especialista. El epistolario Aub-Soldevila (1954-1972) pone sobre el tapete, entre otros datos, detalles biográficos y elementos relacionados con la obra del escritor y con aquellas decisivas décadas del pasado siglo; asimismo, enuncia rasgos definitorios de cuantos la guerra arrojó a las playas del éxodo.

Romanian glocalization : Case study on the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation Mining Project

At the end of the communist era, which was characterised as a closed social experiment, Romania found itself in the middle of a globalization process. Its industrial capacities have been considerably reduced through a poor and spendthrift management. There was a mass exodus of the labour force abroad and the educational background for the remaining part was no longer in agreement with the labour market. On these grounds, the vectors of globalization, in the form of foreign investments, entered Romania effortlessly. There even were local communities where the arrival of foreign investors was expected like a second coming of Christ. This is the context in which a Canadian company set forth the mining project Rosia Montana Gold Corporation. The implementation of the project should have started in 2005. Nevertheless, the project has not been effectively launched yet. This situation is based on what we call Romanian glocalization, namely a specific confrontation between global and local on Romanian land

The Darién Region, Connecting Road of the Americas, among the expressions of hydric wealth, land vocation and the extractive exploration on its violated forms

Colombia has oceanic waters, catchment areas, like lakes, cienagas and swamps, water flows, like rivers, gorges and streams, small rivers and groundwater. The oceanic waters are the Caribbean Sea-1600 km and the Pacific Ocean-1300 km that comprise the north and west continental territory, respectively. Actually the Region of Darién, geographically bounded by the Carribean Sea to the north is becoming to be focused by studies due to use conflicts and disputes about water and a forest reserve on its territories. Considering its location, strategic at northwestern Colombia, frontier region with Central America, several dynamics are imposed. One of them is the implantation of a road system entitled Connecting Road of the Americas. This fact means the construction of an infra-structure that will cross a special zone formed by swamps and jungle known as The Darién Gap. Evidences of such interests are revealed by projects like the constructions of Turbo's Port in the Atlantic Ocean, Department of Antioquia and Tribugá's Port in the Pacific Ocean, Department of Choco, the mountain road and the coastal conection Colombia-Venezuela attending to the main intentions of the central region of the department (Metropolitan Area of Aburrá Valley-AMVA). Human settlements form a productive system, based on small and medium familiar agriculture's production, corresponding to the western portion and piedmont of Abibe's mountain at its antioquian portion, alluvial plan that forms the rivers on this area, the littoral zone that delimits the Carribean Sea, the Darién and Baudó Mountains and the gulf that receives, among other waters, the ones from Atrato and León, as well as the exodus process constitutes a forced exit resulting from actions of several armed groups. It can be identified intense historical, cultural, political and environmental relations, specially the last one associated with strategic ecosystems that are fundamental for the hydric regulation of the region, as well as food safety of the local inhabitants. Results from two researches (UPB, 2007 y 2010) reveals this quick transformation in the spatial re-configuration, demographical and economical indicators and the exacerbated fight for resources, damaging the extractive vocation in the Region. Path to commerce of illegalities (drugs, guns) and to implementation of the agroindustrial project for biofuel production, cooperation program that involves Venezuela, Brazil and Colombia. Appropriation modes allow the existence of strategies since global interests revealing a development logic that privileges the conception of an artificialized nature. Since the smallest portion of rural areas, specific modes of resources exploration are linked to imposed interests of transnational corporations. Disparate consequences are going deeper evidenced by social, technical and nature transformations, envisioning risks for the habitability's condition

Cuando dialogan dos Antígonas : La tumba de Antígona de María Zambrano y Antígona furiosa de Griselda Gambaro

Antígona ha sido un tópico por más de 2.000 años, participando de una historia que siempre puede ser reconocida. Tanto la Guerra Civil española como la dictadura argentina vieron surgir Antígonas en busca de justicia. A partir de los trabajos de María Zambrano y Griselda Gambaro, este artículo busca rehabilitar discursivamente estas versiones. Por un lado, la filósofa española nunca regresó del exilio iniciado en 1939 y defendió hasta el final los valores republicanos. Cuando asumió que su expatriación era irreversible, ingresó en un exilio profundo del cual Antígona revela lo esencial, pasando de la "privación" a la "revelación" tanto en un modo filosófico como en el poético, tanto en sus ensayos como en su única pieza teatral, La Tumba de Antígona (1967), una significativa metáfora de la guerra fratricida y del exilio. Por otro, Antígona furiosa (1986) de Gambaro, reescribe la tragedia de Sófocles cuando denuncia el terrorismo de estado argentino en una furiosa Antígona. Gambaro, hermana y madre de desaparecidos de la guerra sucia eleva su grito por justicia en nombre de la fraternidad humana

Romanian glocalization : Case study on the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation Mining Project

At the end of the communist era, which was characterised as a closed social experiment, Romania found itself in the middle of a globalization process. Its industrial capacities have been considerably reduced through a poor and spendthrift management. There was a mass exodus of the labour force abroad and the educational background for the remaining part was no longer in agreement with the labour market. On these grounds, the vectors of globalization, in the form of foreign investments, entered Romania effortlessly. There even were local communities where the arrival of foreign investors was expected like a second coming of Christ. This is the context in which a Canadian company set forth the mining project Rosia Montana Gold Corporation. The implementation of the project should have started in 2005. Nevertheless, the project has not been effectively launched yet. This situation is based on what we call Romanian glocalization, namely a specific confrontation between global and local on Romanian land

Todo era América: Despoblación rural y políticas de inmigración (1850-1930)

Hasta principios del siglo XX la región de Castilla y León no figuraba en el cómputo de las regiones migratorias, situadas básicamente en la periferia mediterránea o en el noroeste español. En este texto se examinan brevemente las causas de este débil pulso migratorio como las que provocaron luego el éxodo masivo a América. Se exponen luego muy sumariamente las políticas migratorias de Argentina, Cuba y Brasil, principales países a los que se dirigían los castellanos. Teniendo en cuenta la decisiva importancia que la emigración española desempeñó en la formación del mercado de trabajo, podremos conocer mejor la evolución del fenómeno migratorio si examinamos cuándo y por qué se plantearon las distintas políticas de inmigración. Finalmente se analiza cómo se concretaron esas políticas de inmigración para conocer los grados de preferencia por un tipo u otro de emigrantes.