Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the CLIMAX II (SCAN) Expedition stations aboard R/V Argo in the central North Pacific

A 0.25 m US Naval Electronics Lab box corer was used to take replicate samples from an oligotrophic bottom under the North Pacific Central Water Mass (approx. 28 degrees N, 155 degrees W). The bottom is a red clay with manganese nodules at a depth of 5500-5800 m. Macrofaunal density ranges from 84 to 160 individuals per m super(2) and is therefore much the same as in Northwest Atlantic Gyre waters. Of the macrofaunal taxa, polychaetes dominate (55 per cent), followed by tanaids (18 per cent), bivalves (7 per cent), and isopods (6 per cent). Meiofaunal taxa were only partially retained by the 297 micrometer screen used in washing. Even then, they are 1.5-3.9 times as abundant as the microfaunal taxa, with nematodes being numerically dominant by far. Foraminifera seem to comprise an important portion of the community, but could not be assessed accurately because of the inability to discriminate living and dead tests. Remains of what are probably xenophyophoridans are also very important, but offer the same problem. Faunal diversity is extremely high, with deposit feeders comprising the overwhelming majority. Most spp are rare, being encountered only once. The distributions of only 3 spp show any significant deviation from randomness. The polychaete fauna from box cores collected from 90 m to the north was not significantly different from that of the principal study locality. Concordance appeared at several taxonomic levels, from spp through microfaunal/ meiofaunal relationships. As a result, the variation in total animal abundance shows aggregation among cores. The authors discuss Sokolova's concept of a deep-sea oligotrophic zone dominated by suspension feeders, and reconcile it with our present findings. The high diversity of the fauna combined with the low food level contradict theories that relate diversity directly with productivity.

(Table 1, Page 1046-1047) Chemical composition of iron-manganese concretions from the Indian Ocean recovered by the R/V Vityaz and the R/V Ob

The data given in this and previous communications is insufficient to assess the quantitative role of these supplementary sources in the Indian Ocean, but they do not rule out their local significance. Elucidation of this problem requires further data on the characteristics of the composition and structure of nodules in various different metallogenic regions of the ocean floor. A study of the distribution of ore elements in nodules both depthwise and over the area of the floor together with compilation of the first schematic maps based on the results of analyses of samples from 54 stations) enables us to give a more precise empirical relation between the Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co contents in Indian Ocean nodules, the manganese ratio and the values of the oxidation potential, which vary regularly with depth. This in turn also enables us to confirm that formation of nodules completes the prolonged process of deposition of ore components from ocean waters, and the complex physico-chemical transformations of sediments in the bottom layer. Microprobe investigation of ore rinds revealed the nonuniform distribution of a num¬ber of elements within them, owing to the capacity of particles of hydrated oxides of manganese and iron to adsorb various elements. High concentration of individual elements is correlated with local sectors of the ore rinds, in which the presence of todorokite, in particular, has been noted. The appearance of this mineral apparently requires elevated Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations, because the stable crystalline phase of this specific mineral form of the psilomelane group may be formed when these cations are incorporated into a lattice of the delta-MnO2 type.

Location and ages of terrestrial peatlands located on continental shelves and in coastal sediments

This synthesis dataset contains records of freshwater peat and lake sediments from continental shelves and coastal areas. Information included is site location (when available), thickness and description of terrestrial sediments as well as underlying and overlying sediments, dates (when available), and references.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Eltanin Cruise 5 stations

Cores, submarine photography and dredges described in this report were taken during the R/V Eltanin Cruise 5 in 1962 by the Department of Geology, Florida State University. Cores and dredges were recovered for 31 stations and are available at the Antarctic Research Facility, Florida State University for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits in the Atlantic Ocean from cruises from R/V Atlantis II, R/V Knorr, R/V Melvin and R/V James M. Gilliss in 1980-1981

This report is Volume 3 of Descriptions of WHOI rock dredge samples. This series represents a major effort to catalog the rock dredge samples in the WHOI Sea Floor samples collection, and to disseminate this information throughout the scientific community. Volume 3 contains sample descriptions and station data for the dredge stations from five cruises during the period September 1978 through December 1980. The material in this and subsequent volumes of rock descriptions was largely prepared onboard ship by the participating scientists. Volume 3 was printed prior to volumes 1 and 2 because of the excellent documentation of the samples represented in this volume.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Atlantis Cruise 172 stations

The cores described were taken by the personnel of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) operating as guests scientists during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 172 undertaken by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from April until June 1951. A total of 35 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Atlantis Cruise 167 stations

The cores described were taken by the personnel of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) operating as guests scientists during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 167 undertaken by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in January 1951. A total of 55 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Atlantis Cruise 160 stations

The cores described were taken by the personnel of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) operating as guests scientists during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 160 undertaken by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from Januray until April 1950. A total of 23 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Robert Conrad Cruise 06 stations

The cores described in this report were taken during the R/V Robert Conrad Cruise 06 from May until June 1963 by the Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University. A total of 5 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Atlantis Cruise 179 stations

The cores described were taken by the personnel of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) operating as guests scientists during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 179 undertaken by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from April until May 1952. A total of 25 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Atlantis Cruise 164 stations

The cores described were taken by the personnel of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) operating as guests scientists during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 164 undertaken by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from July until September 1950. A total of 63 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Rehoboth Cruise 5 stations

The cores described in this list were taken on the RE05 Expedition in March 1950 by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory from the R/V Rehoboth. A total of 13 cores were recovered and are available at LDEO for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Atlantis Cruise 180 stations

The cores described were taken by the personnel of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) operating as guests scientists during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 180 undertaken by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from July until October 1952. A total of 118 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Atlantis Cruise 185 stations

The cores described were taken by the personnel of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) operating as guests scientists during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 185 undertaken by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from April until June 1953. A total of 65 cores were recovered and are available at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for sampling and study.

Annotated record and chemical composition of Mn deposits from R/V Mahi Cruise Abyssal Hills 69 stations

A University of Hawaii oceanographic cruise, Abyssal Hills 69, with the R/V Mahi, was carried out to study the association of manganese nodules with an abyssal hill. Manganese nodules from three dredge hauls on an abyssal hill located at 36°W and 157°W exhibited differences in morphology and composition between stations only three miles apart. The morphology of the nodules suggests that nodules from a single site have similar morphologies because they began growth at the same time, probably because of a volcanic event. Differences in morphology between stations indicate a local supply of elements. Atomic absorption analysis for manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper revealed that nodules nearest to a probable fault line and source of volcanism have a, lower manganese to iron ratio than nodules farther removed. This finding supports the theory that volcanism contributes to the formation of some nodules. Additional evidence showing association with volcanism consists of volcanic nuclei in nodules, crusts formed on layers of volcanic ash, and basalt encrusted to various degrees. The variation in cobalt, nickel, and copper contents Gt the nodules from a single dredge is two-to threefold, but iron content is more uniiorm. Four of the six cores from the area increased in manganese concentration with depth, suggesting that diffusion is concentrating manganese in the upper zone of the sediments or in nodules. The author concludes that volcanism is contributing to the formation of nodules by supplying nuclei and transition elements, but is not necessary for the formation of manganese nodules.