(Table 1, page 41), Chemical and radiocativity analysis of manganese crusts from the Lika river, Vermland, Sweden and ferromanganese ore from lake Tisjoen, Dalecarlia, Sweden

The trace element content of different bog ores has been measured and it appeared that most of these elements are enriched in the manganiferous bog ores as compared with the ferriferous ones. The manganiferous bog ores have also proved to have a higher radioactivity than the ferriferous ones.

Concentrations and d13C compositions of n-alkanes, n-alcohols, n-alkanoic acids in a 34-month time series of suspended sediments from the outflow of the Congo River

The concentrations, distributions, and stable carbon isotopes (d13C) of plant waxes carried by fluvial suspended sediments contain valuable information about terrestrial ecosystem characteristics. To properly interpret past changes recorded in sedimentary archives it is crucial to understand the sources and variability of exported plant waxes in modern systems on seasonal to inter-annual timescales. To determine such variability, we present concentrations and d13C compositions of three compound classes (n-alkanes, n-alcohols, n-alkanoic acids) in a 34-month time series of suspended sediments from the outflow of the Congo River. We show that exported plant-dominated n-alkanes (C25-C35) represent a mixture of C3 and C4 end members, each with distinct molecular distributions, as evidenced by an 8.1 ± 0.7 per mil (±1Sigma standard deviation) spread in d13C values across chain-lengths, and weak correlations between individual homologue concentrations (r = 0.52-0.94). In contrast, plant-dominated n-alcohols (C26-C36) and n-alkanoic acids (C26-C36) exhibit stronger positive correlations (r = 0.70-0.99) between homologue concentrations and depleted d13C values (individual homologues average <= -31.3 per mil and -30.8 per mil, respectively), with lower d13C variability across chain-lengths (2.6 ± 0.6 per mil and 2.0 ± 1.1 per mil, respectively). All individual plant-wax lipids show little temporal d13C variability throughout the time-series (1 Sigma <= 0.9 per mil), indicating that their stable carbon isotopes are not a sensitive tracer for temporal changes in plant-wax source in the Congo basin on seasonal to inter-annual timescales. Carbon-normalized concentrations and relative abundances of n-alcohols (19-58% of total plant-wax lipids) and n-alkanoic acids (26-76%) respond rapidly to seasonal changes in runoff, indicating that they are mostly derived from a recently entrained local source. In contrast, a lack of correlation with discharge and low, stable relative abundances (5-16%) indicate that n-alkanes better represent a catchment-integrated signal with minimal response to discharge seasonality. Comparison to published data on other large watersheds indicates that this phenomenon is not limited to the Congo River, and that analysis of multiple plant-wax lipid classes and chain lengths can be used to better resolve local vs. distal ecosystem structure in river catchments.

Morphometry and biomass of the cultured mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae at the Urindeua river, eastern Amazonia, northern Brazil

The malacocultura, particularly oyster farming, appears on the world stage as one of the most viable alternatives to fishing decline and supply of fresh product. In Brazil, the development of mollusc cultivationis through the genus oyster cultivation Crassostrea, among them Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828), known for oyster-the-swamp, one of the main species of farmed bivalves in the state of Pará. This so it aimed to characterize the biomorphometrics relations, estimate the Shape Stabilization Index (IEF) of the shell and the yield of edible meat C. rhizophorae grown in an Amazonian coast, state of Pará, northern Brazil. When all is sampled 1,028 individuals, in April 2016, measuring the external morphometric measures (length, width and height) and total and visceral biomass. The results obtained are C. rhizophorae with (1) excellent biomorphometrics relationships among both external measures, the measures of the shell and biomass generating equations that satisfy morphometric pet species, (2) yield of edible meat 15% of the total biomass and variation in the shell along its development to adulthood, with a tendency to stabilize the reach 60mm in length.

The Lena River Delta - Land cover classification of tundra environments based on Landsat 7 ETM+ data and its application for upscaling of methane emissions

The Lena River Delta, situated in Northern Siberia (72.0 - 73.8° N, 122.0 - 129.5° E), is the largest Arctic delta and covers 29,000 km**2. Since natural deltas are characterised by complex geomorphological patterns and various types of ecosystems, high spatial resolution information on the distribution and extent of the delta environments is necessary for a spatial assessment and accurate quantification of biogeochemical processes as drivers for the emission of greenhouse gases from tundra soils. In this study, the first land cover classification for the entire Lena Delta based on Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images was conducted and used for the quantification of methane emissions from the delta ecosystems on the regional scale. The applied supervised minimum distance classification was very effective with the few ancillary data that were available for training site selection. Nine land cover classes of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the wetland dominated (72%) Lena Delta could be defined by this classification approach. The mean daily methane emission of the entire Lena Delta was calculated with 10.35 mg CH4/m**2/d. Taking our multi-scale approach into account we find that the methane source strength of certain tundra wetland types is lower than calculated previously on coarser scales.