Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20110520Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20110726Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20120212Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20120223Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20091011Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20111124Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20120314Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20090913Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20100108Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20100214Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20100302Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20100309Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.

Experimental data of CO2, CO3, Omega calcite saturation, pH values, alpha and epsilon fractionation factors, and Dd18O calctite-water

The oxygen isotopic composition (d18O) of calcium carbonate of planktonic calcifying organisms is a key tool for reconstructing both past seawater temperature and salinity. The calibration of paloeceanographic proxies relies in general on empirical relationships derived from field experiments on extant species. Laboratory experiments have more often than not revealed that variables other than the target parameter influence the proxy signal, which makes proxy calibration a challenging task. Understanding these secondary or "vital" effects is crucial for increasing proxy accuracy. We present data from laboratory experiments showing that oxygen isotope fractionation during calcification in the coccolithophore Calcidiscus leptoporus and the calcareous dinoflagellate Thoracosphaera heimii is dependent on carbonate chemistry of seawater in addition to its dependence on temperature. A similar result has previously been reported for planktonic foraminifera, supporting the idea that the [CO3]2- effect on d18O is universal for unicellular calcifying planktonic organisms. The slopes of the d18O/[CO3]2- relationships range between -0.0243 per mil/(µmol/kg) (calcareous dinoflagellate T. heimii) and the previously published -0.0022 per mil/(µmol/kg) (non-symbiotic planktonic foramifera Orbulina universa), while C. leptoporus has a slope of -0.0048 per mil/(µmol/kg). We present a simple conceptual model, based on the contribution of d18O-enriched [HCO3]- to the [CO3]2- pool in the calcifying vesicle, which can explain the [CO3]2- effect on d18O for the different unicellular calcifiers. This approach provides a new insight into biological fractionation in calcifying organisms. The large range in d18O/[CO3]2- slopes should possibly be explored as a means for paleoreconstruction of surface [CO3]2-, particularly through comparison of the response in ecologically similar planktonic organisms.

(Table T1) Initial water quality conditions for bioassay experiments during Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP09-01 in the Amundsen Sea

Nutrient addition experiments were performed during the austral summer in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean) to investigate the availability of organically bound iron (Fe) to the phytoplankton communities, as well as assess their response to Fe amendment. Changes in autotrophic biomass, pigment concentration, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and nutrient concentration were recorded in response to the addition of dissolved free Fe (DFe) and Fe bound to different model ligands. Analysis of pigment concentrations indicated that the autotrophic community was dominated by the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica throughout most of the Amundsen Sea, although diatoms dominated in two experiments conducted in the marginal ice zone. Few significant differences in bulk community biomass (particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a) were observed, relative to the controls, in treatments with Fe added alone or bound to the ligand phytic acid. In contrast, when Fe was bound to the ligand desferrioxamine B (DFB), decreases in the bulk biomass indices were observed. The concentration of the diatom accessory pigment fucoxanthin showed little response to Fe additions, while the concentration of the P. antarctica-specific pigment, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (19'-hex), decreased when Fe was added alone or bound to the model ligands. Lastly, differences in the nitrate:phosphate (NO3- :PO4**3-) utilization ratio were observed between the Fe-amended treatments, with Fe bound to DFB resulting in the lowest NO3- :PO4**3- uptake ratios (~ 10) and the remaining Fe treatments having higher NO3- :PO4**3- uptake ratios (~ 17). The data are discussed with respect to glacial inputs of Fe in the Amundsen Sea and the bioavailability of Fe. We suggest that the previously observed high NO3- :PO4**3- utilization ratio of P. antarctica is a consequence of its production of dissolved organic matter that acts as ligands and increases the bioavailability of Fe, thereby stimulating the uptake of NO3-.