Virtuelle Prototypen – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

Die Ergebnisse der Konstruktion können so aufbereitet werden, dass sie nach entsprechenden Berechnungen und Simulationen als virtuelle Prototypen zur Verfügen gestellt werden können. Die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes virtueller Prototypen werden aufgezeigt. Der Unterschied zwischen virtuellen und realen Prototypen in Bezug auf die individuelle Wahrnehmung aufgrund der Sinnesmodalitäten wird erläutert. Die gegenwärtigen Grenzen der virtuellen Prototypen werden aufgezeigt.

Governance of Massive Multiauthor Collaboration – Linux, Wikipedia, and Other Networks: Governed by Bilateral Contracts, Partnerships, or Something in Between?

Open collaborative projects are moving to the foreground of knowledge production. Some online user communities develop into longterm projects that generate a highly valuable and at the same time freely accessible output. Traditional copyright law that is organized around the idea of a single creative entity is not well equipped to accommodate the needs of these forms of collaboration. In order to enable a peculiar network-type of interaction participants instead draw on public licensing models that determine the freedoms to use individual contributions. With the help of these access rules the operational logic of the project can be implemented successfully. However, as the case of the Wikipedia GFDL-CC license transition demonstrates, the adaptation of access rules in networks to new circumstances raises collective action problems and suffers from pitfalls caused by the fact that public licensing is grounded in individual copyright. Legal governance of open collaboration projects is a largely unexplored field. The article argues that the license steward of a public license assumes the position of a fiduciary of the knowledge commons generated under the license regime. Ultimately, the governance of decentralized networks translates into a composite of organizational and contractual elements. It is concluded that the production of global knowledge commons relies on rules of transnational private law.