Growth response to antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children: a cohort study from Lilongwe, Malawi

Objective  Malnutrition is common in HIV-infected children in Africa and an indication for antiretroviral treatment (ART). We examined anthropometric status and response to ART in children treated at a large public-sector clinic in Malawi. Methods  All children aged <15 years who started ART between January 2001 and December 2006 were included and followed until March 2008. Weight and height were measured at regular intervals from 1 year before to 2 years after the start of ART. Sex- and age-standardized z-scores were calculated for weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ). Predictors of growth were identified in multivariable mixed-effect models. Results  A total of 497 children started ART and were followed for 972 person-years. Median age (interquartile range; IQR) was 8 years (4–11 years). Most children were underweight (52% of children), stunted (69%), in advanced clinical stages (94% in WHO stages 3 or 4) and had severe immunodeficiency (77%). After starting ART, median (IQR) WAZ and HAZ increased from −2.1 (−2.7 to −1.3) and −2.6 (−3.6 to −1.8) to −1.4 (−2.1 to −0.8) and −1.8 (−2.4 to −1.1) at 24 months, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariable models, baseline WAZ and HAZ scores were the most important determinants of growth trajectories on ART. Conclusions  Despite a sustained growth response to ART among children remaining on therapy, normal values were not reached. Interventions leading to earlier HIV diagnosis and initiation of treatment could improve growth response.

Une personne de confiance pour vivre mieux

Les relations sociales font partie des déterminants clés du bien-être et de la santé de chacune et de chacun, indépendamment de l’âge, du genre ou de la culture. Il est démontré que les personnes qui disposent d’un réseau social solide et vivent dans le cadre d’une relation stable sont en meilleure santé physique et mentale. Elles sont mieux intégrées que les personnes qui vivent seules et qui n’ont pas de proches de confiance autour d’elles. Or, au fil des dernières décennies, vivre seul est devenu l’un des modes d’existence les plus répandus dans notre société. Les dernières tendances mises en lumière par l’Office fédéral de la statistique démontrent que plus de la moitié de la population suisse est célibataire, divorcée, en situation de veuvage ou sans relation fixe. Les ménages composés d’une seule personne sont ainsi les plus nombreux en Suisse.