Retrospective evaluation of postoperative nasotracheal tubes for oxygen supplementation in dogs following surgery for brachycephalic syndrome: 36 cases (2003-2007)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of nasotracheal tubes in postoperative oxygen supplementation in dogs following corrective surgery for brachycephalic syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective study 2003-2007. SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Thirty-six client-owned dogs that underwent corrective surgery for brachycephalic syndrome. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Medical records were reviewed for animals that underwent surgical interventions for brachycephalic syndrome including palatoplasty, ventriculectomy, and rhinoplasty. Data collected included signalment, presenting complaints, analgesic and surgical interventions, type of supplemental oxygen therapy, complications and mortality occurring during hospitalization. A nasotracheal tube (NTT) was placed in 20 dogs at the end of surgery; 16 dogs received other forms of oxygen supplementation (8) or no oxygen supplementation (8) during recovery. The total number of postoperative complications was similar in both groups (8/20 dogs with NTTs and 7/16 in those without NTTs). However, respiratory distress was observed in 5 dogs without NTTs but was not observed in any dog while an NTT was in place. One dog in each group died postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Placement of an NTT was found to be easy and may offer benefit in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome as a noninvasive means of delivering oxygen. The use of NTT may minimize severe postoperative morbidity, in particular by reducing postoperative respiratory distress.

Genomewide association for a dominant pigmentation gene in sheep

Most published genomewide association studies (GWAS) in sheep have investigated recessively inherited monogenic traits. The objective here was to assess the feasibility of performing GWAS for a dominant trait for which the genetic basis was already known. A total of 42 Manchega and Rasa Aragonesa sheep that segregate solid black or white coat pigmentation were genotyped using the SNP50 BeadChip. Previous analysis in Manchegas demonstrated a complete association between the pigmentation trait and alleles of the MC1R gene, setting an a priori expectation for GWAS. Multiple methods were used to identify and quantify the strength of population substructure between black and white animals, before allelic association testing was performed for 49 034 SNPs. Following correction for substructure, GWAS identified the most strongly associated SNP (s26449) was also the closest to the MC1R gene. The finding was strongly supported by the permutation tree-based random forest (RF) analysis. Importantly, GWAS identified unlinked SNP with only slightly lower p-values than for s26449. Random forest analysis indicated these were false positives, suggesting interpretation based on both approaches was beneficial. The results indicate that a combined analytical approach can be successful in studies where a modest number of animals are available and substantial population stratification exists.

Garstige Affinitäten. Frauen und Affen in J. W. Goethes "Die Wahlverwandtschaften"

Was ist der Mensch und was ist ihm der Affe? In diesem Aufsatz wird der Fokus auf die subtile Konstruktion einer Affinität von Frauen und Affen in Goethes Roman gelegt. Vor dem Hintergrund anthropologischer Umbrüche und gesellschaftspolitischer Veränderungen rücken Affen und Frauen in eine überraschende Nähe zueinander: Durch ihre Beschäftigung mit Affen werden Luciane und Ottilie zu Repräsentationen einer Auseinandersetzung mit Diskursen, die Affen und Frauen im Zuge einer krisenhaften Epochenschwelle um 1800 unter der Drohung des Monströsen zu Topoi der Differenzierung werden lassen. Anhand dieser Beschäftigung mit Affen zeigt sich die Ablösung alter durch neue Geschlechterrollen ebenso wie die Instrumentalisierung des Affen für die Überschneidungsmengen von ästhetischen, Bildungs- und Geschlechterdiskursen. Dabei wird der Affe als nächster Verwandter des Menschen zum sittlichen Problem für ein neues Frauenideal.