58 resultados para klinik


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BACKGROUND: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a late sequela following acute pulmonary embolism. Incomplete resolution of thrombotic material results in persistent obstruction of the pulmonary arterial bed, which can be treated by pulmonary thrombendarterectomy. METHOD AND RESULTS: This desobliteration of the pulmonary arteries is performed under conditions of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Currently, perioperative mortality ranges between 10 and 15% and is mainly limited by persistent diffuse pulmonary artery disease independent of central obstruction. Postoperatively, pulmonary vascular resistance is normalized. Exercise tolerance of the patients is likewise improved. CONCLUSION: Thus, pulmonary thrombendarterectomy is an effective treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with results superior to those of lung transplantation.

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BACKGROUND: Lung volume reduction (LVR) surgery is an effective and organ-preserving treatment option for patients suffering from severe dyspnea due to endstage emphysema. METHOD: Resection of functionally inactive lung parenchyma reduces over-inflation and restores the elastic recoil of the lungs. Thus it results in improvement of dyspnea, mobility and pulmonary function. Patient selection is crucial. Of simliar importance is pulmonary rehabilitation, as well as sufficient expertise in the treatment of endstage chronic respiratory failure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The in-hospital morbidity and mortality after LVR are acceptable (0 to 5%) and the good results seem to last at least 18 to 24 months. LVR can be offered to selected patients either as an alternative or as bridge to lung transplantation.

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BACKGROUND: The question whether patients suffering from end-stage emphysema who are candidates for lung transplantation should be treated with a single lung or with a double lung transplantation is still unanswered. METHODS: We reviewed 24 consecutive lung transplant procedures, comparing the results of 6 patients with an unilateral and 17 with a bilateral transplantation. PATIENTS AND RESULTS: After bilateral transplantation the patients showed a trend towards better blood gas exchange with shorter time on ventilator and intensive care compared patients after unilateral procedure. Three-year-actuarial survival was higher in the group after bilateral transplantation (83% versus 67%). There was a continuous improvement in pulmonary function in both groups during the first months after transplantation. Vital capacity and forced exspiratory ventilation therapies during the first second were significantly higher in the bilateral transplant group. CONCLUSION: Both unilateral and bilateral transplantation are feasible for patients with end-stage emphysema. Bilateral transplantation results in better pulmonary reserve capacity and faster rehabilitation.

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Enzootic pneumonia (EP) of pigs, caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has been a notifiable disease in Switzerland since May 2003. The diagnosis of EP has been based on multiple methods, including clinical, bacteriological and epidemiological findings as well as pathological examination of lungs (mosaic diagnosis). With the recent development of a real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay with 2 target sequences a new detection method for M. hyopneumoniae became available. This assay was tested for its applicability to nasal swab material from live animals. Pigs from 74 herds (average 10 pigs per herd) were tested. Using the mosaic diagnosis, 22 herds were classified as EP positive and 52 as EP negative. From the 730 collected swab samples we were able to demonstrate that the rtPCR test was 100% specific. In cases of cough the sensitivity on herd level of the rtPCR is 100%. On single animal level and in herds without cough the sensitivity was lower. In such cases, only a positive result would be proof for an infection with M. hyopneumoniae. Our study shows that the rtPCR on nasal swabs from live pigs allows a fast and accurate diagnosis in cases of suspected EP.

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Im Rahmen der Vernehmlassung zum nationalen Krebsregistrierungsgesetz werden Vor- und Nachteile einer nationalen Krebsregistrierung in der Schweiz erneut diskutiert. Das Schweizer Kinderkrebsregister (SKKR) blickt auf fast 40 Jahre Erfahrung als nationales Krebsregister für Kinder und Jugendliche zurück. Dieser Artikel erklärt die Besonderheiten von Krebserkrankungen bei Kindern, beschreibt die Erfahrungen des SKKR als nationales Krebsregister und zeigt den Nutzen der erhobenen Daten für Klinik, Forschung und Public Health.

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Quintessenz • Das Erkennen von Frühwarnzeichen, Erheben einer Risikoeinschätzung bei Eintritt und der professionelle Umgang mit aggressiven Verhaltensweisen können zu Schadensbegrenzung und geringerem Verletzungsrisiko bei Patienten, Angehörigen und medizinischem Personal beitragen. • Nicht zögern bei pharmakotherapeutischen und nichtmedikamentösen, der Sicherheit dienenden Massnahmen gegen Gewalt und Aggression. • Bei selbst- und fremdaggressivem Verhalten werden Krisengespräch und Kriseninterventionsmassnahmen in der Regel durch einen psychiatrischen Dienst, auf der psychiatrischen Abteilung Isolations- und Zwangsmassnahmen ausgeführt. • Bei Selbst- und Fremdgefährdung im Rahmen einer psychischen Störung und/oder Intoxikation können die Anordnung einer fürsorgerischen Unterbringung und Einweisung in eine psychiatrische Klinik in Begleitung der Sanität und/oder Polizei erforderlich sein. • Die Teilnahme an Kursen für Aggressionsmanagement ist insbesondere für Personal von Psychiatrie und Notfallzentren empfohlen.

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Der stationäre Klinikaufenthalt von Patienten mit Abhängigkeitserkrankungen ist häufig ein unverzichtbarer Teil in der Behandlungskette von Suchterkrankungen. Es werden die verschiedenen Phasen der Behandlung, deren Therapieelemente sowie Vor- und Nachteile eines stationären Aufenthalts diskutiert. Anhand der Klinik Südhang, welche Patienten und Patientinnen mit einer Alkohol- und/oder Medikamentenabhängigkeit stationär behandelt, zeigt sich die Bedeutung eines individualisierten Therapieangebots je nach Entzugs- und Entwöhnungsphase. Um Patienten mit einer Abhängigkeitserkrankung einen erfolgreichen Entzug, bzw. Entwöhnung zu gewährleisten, ist eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung und Nachsorge essentiell.