269 resultados para Christian sociology.


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This paper examines a trend in European and American High Courts to endorse majority religion by transforming it into “culture”, and thus by secularizing it. To dissociate religion and state is the hallmark of the liberal state. However, no state has ever managed a perfect separation, not even the American. Under conditions of mounting religious pluralism and ongoing secularization, there is pressure on the state to live up to its “neutrality”. A main strategy to square the circle of neutrality and incomplete dissociation from religion is to declare it “culture”, which gives the state the license to associate or even identify with it (as guardian of nationhood). The paper compares recent American and European High Court rules on religious symbols (especially crucifixes) that exhibits this strategy, addressing similarities and differences as well as the limits and pitfalls of “culturalizing” religion.

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Dieser Artikel schlägt ein soziologisches Erklärungsmodell der betrieblichen Ausbildungsplatzvergabe vor, mit welchem sich jene Phänomene verstehen lassen, die aus der betrieblichen Außensicht als Diskriminierung bei der Einstellung von Auszubildenden wahrgenommen werden. Um mögliche betriebliche Motive gegen die Einstellung von ‚ausländischen Jugendlichen‘ verstehbar und die damit zusammenhängende Komplexität des betrieblichen Rekrutierungsprozesses theoretisch fassbar zu machen, werden zentrale Überlegungen der französischen Soziologie der Konventionen aufgegriffen. Durch das Hervorheben der verschiedenen Koordinations- und Gerechtigkeitsprinzipien eines Betriebs ermöglicht dieser Ansatz eine gewinnbringende Theoretisierung der Rekrutierung und Selektion aus einer organisationsaffinen Perspektive.

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Organisationsnetzwerke und die Analyse von Koordinationsmechanismen in inter-organisatorischen Netzwerken sind zu einem wichtigen Forschungsfeld innerhalb der Organisationsforschung und -soziologie geworden (Raab 2010, S. 575). Ein wichtiger Grund liegt in der betrieblichen Strategie der ‚flexiblen Spezialisierung‘ im Anschluss an die wirtschaftliche Krise ab den 1970er Jahren. Großbetriebe gerieten damals unter Druck, ihre bisherige auf Langfristigkeit und große Mengen ausgerichtete Massenproduktion neu zu organisieren und flexiblere Fertigungsprozesse einzurichten.

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Inequality and integration have been sociologys two key paradigms since the classics, associated with the names of Marx and Durkheim and Europe’s current economic crisis has forcefully reinvigorated their joint relevance. Above all, the debt crisis has fueled the wheel of social inequality: cash-starved states are further forced to cut back on public expenditures, to minimize the margin for redistribution and to raise new challenges for the integration policies addressing the emerging disparities. At the same time, global environmental and demographic problems, intertwined with escalating migration pressure, tear at the texture of European and all Western societies, in particular, the unequal impact of climate change and the unequal distribution of population growth make migration and integration paramount public policy issues and a soaring source of social conflict. In principle, the inequalities engendered by these cascading processes are also an opportunity. They increase the diversity of society and can bring about innovation and growth. Our desire and ability for social integration depends, above all, on the ultimate balance between these advantages and disadvantages. The chapters in the volume concentrate on the opportunities as well as the risks associated with these social changes from various angles. They are a handpicked set of outstanding contributions from the Congress of the Swiss Sociological Association that took place at the University of Bern, June 26–28, 2013.

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Les réseaux d'entreprises formatrices constituent un modèle du système de formation professionnelle en alternance Suisse. Petites et moyennes entreprises peuvent ainsi mutualiser la formation des apprentis. Quelles raisons poussent les entreprises à participer à ce nouveau type d’organisation ? Quels conflits et tensions naissent au sein de ces réseaux ? Les analyses s’appuient sur quatre cas de réseaux et sur la théorie de l'économie des conventions. Ces réseaux naissent d’une pluralité de motifs de participation, source d’insatisfaction dans les entreprises et de conflits dans les réseaux tout au long du parcours de formation.

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Are there planets beyond our solar system? What may appear quite plausible now had only been a hypothesis until about twenty years ago. The search for exoplanets is driven by the interest in the “habitable” ones among them. Could such planets one day in the far future provide resources or even shelter for humankind? Will we find one day a habitable planet that is even inhabited? These kinds of imaginative speculations drive public interest in the subject. Imagining alien intelligent life in the universe is not at all new. When Ted Peters called for establishing the field of “astrotheology,” he was certainly thinking less of historical precedents than of something analogous to the emerging field of astrobiology. Will astrotheology result in the decentering of humanity in cosmic dimensions? One could also conclude that we are alone, at least for all practical purposes.

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Der Beitrag fasst den Forschungsstand zu Diskriminierung in der beruflichen Bildung am Gegenstand der betrieblichen Vergabe von Ausbildungsplätzen zusammen. Neben der Messbarkeit und der Erklärung von Diskriminierung bei der Ausbildungsplatzvergabe wird speziell auf die vier Diskriminierungskategorien soziale Herkunft, Nationalität, Geschlecht und Alter eingegangen. Zum Schluss werden der weitere Forschungsbedarf sowie einige Antidiskriminierungsmaßnahmen umrissen.

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We analyse the access to different institutional pathways to higher education for second-generation students, focusing on youths that hold a higher-education entrance certificate. The alternative vocational pathway appears to compensate to some degree, compared to the traditional academic one, for North-African and Southern-European youths in France, those from Turkey in Germany, and to a lesser degree those from Portugal, Turkey, Ex-Yugoslavia, Albania/Kosovo in Switzerland. This is not the case in Switzerland for Western-European, Italian, and Spanish youths who indeed access higher education via the academic pathway more often than Swiss youths. Using youth panel and survey data, multinomial models are applied to analyse these pathway choices.