Entwicklung einer Matrix zum Studium physiologischer Hautfunktionen in-vitro

Im Rahmen der Entwicklung einer Matrix für Fibroblasten zurAnwendung als dermales Äquivalent für den Aufbau einesin-vitro Testsystems für Wundauflagen wurden zunächstGelatine- und Agarfolien mit einer Streichanlage imLabormaßstab hergestellt. Keimdichtigkeit,Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit, Elastizität, Wundverklebung,Dicke, Gewicht und Wassergehalt der Folien und zusätzlichdie Adsorption von Fibronectin an die Folienoberflächewurden bestimmt.Auf Basis einer 10 %-igen Gelatinelösung und durch Anwendungeines wasserlöslichen Carbodiimids (EDAC) konnten vernetzteGelatineschäume hergestellt werden. Untersuchungen derphysikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Eigenschaftender Gelatine-schäume dienten der Charakterisierung derMuster. Die Gelatineschäume wurden mit humanen Fibroblastenbeimpft und die zeitliche Entwicklung der Fibroblasten durchAnwendung der MTT Methode ermittelt. Zusätzlich wurde mit Hilfe des Antikörpers gegen Ki-67 die Proliferation derFibroblasten an Gefrierschnitten der Gelatineschäume untersucht.Die mit EDAC vernetzten und mit humanen Fibroblastenbeimpften Gelatineschäume dienten als dermales Äquivalentfür den Aufbau eines in-vitro Testsystems. Zur Untersuchungder Wechselwirkung zwischen verschiedenen Materialien undden Fibroblasten auf den Gelatineschäumen wurdenorientierende Versuche mit dem in-vitro Testsystem durchgeführt.

Ein transgenes Mausmodell zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 und -14 auf die Leber

MMP-2 and MMP-14 process extracellular matrix proteins,cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules to generatefragments with enhanced or reduced biological activity.In this study, a vectorsystem was developed for theconditional expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14 in the liver oftransgenic mice. For this vectorsystem the murine albuminpromotor was chosen together with the cre/lox system toachieve an inducible MMP-expression in the liver.Only one of the MMP-14 transgenic lines expressed highamounts of active MMP-14 protein after recombination of thelox-P sites. In these mice MMP-14 was able to activate MMP-2and MMP-13 in vivo. However, none of the livers of MMP-14overexpressing mice showed no differences in liverweight,amount of extracellular matrixproteins and rate ofproliferation, apoptosis and tumor-induction when comparedto the liver of wildtype mice.On the other hand overexpression of MMP-2 was embryoniclethal in all MMP-2 transgenic lines. After crossing theMMP-2 transgenic mice with cre deleter mice, a cre mediatedrecombination could be shown at day 6.5 post coitum (pc).Some of the double transgenic embryos of one of thetransgenic lines had severe deformations of the head,especially of the telencephalon and the mesencephalon.It could be shown in this study that disregulation of MMP-2in early embryonic development is lethal but anoverexpression of MMP-14 has no influence on the embryonicdevelopment or the homeostasis of the adult liver.With this conditional vectorsystem it is to possible studythe influnce of MMP-2 and MMP-14 on fibrogenesis,regeneration and tumorgenesis in the liver of mice.

Proteolysis of the receptor for advanced glycation end products by matrix metalloproteinases

RAGE mediates diverse physiological and pathological effects by binding a variety of ligands. Despite incomplete understanding of RAGE-mediated disorders soluble RAGE (sRAGE) has been identified as a potential biomarker for RAGE-related diseases and possibly represents a hopeful pharmaceutical against RAGE-mediated disorders. Nevertheless, the source of sRAGE remains poorly investigated. Currently sRAGE is thought to be derived exclusively from alternative splicing of mRNA. In this thesis it was investigated whether sRAGE can also be released as a result of ectodomain shedding of full-length RAGE. Using cells overexpressing RAGE as a model system, it was demonstrated clearly that RAGE undergoes ectodomain shedding in both constitutive and regulated manner. Several stimuli including PMA, AMPA, calcium and chelerythrine stimulated the release of sRAGE into cell culture medium. Moreover, possible mechanisms that regulate ectodomain shedding of RAGE were investigated and it was found that shedding of RAGE is likely independent from PKC and MAPK pathways. By using gain of function and loss of function approaches MMP9 but not ADAM10, ADAM17 or MT1-MMP was characterized as the metalloproteinase that mediates shedding of RAGE. Furthermore, it was shown that cytoplasmic domain of RAGE is not essential for shedding of RAGE. In addition, the potential cleavage site of RAGE by MMP9 was investigated and a lack of sequence specificity for the RAGE processing proteinase was demonstrated by mutation analysis. Finally the physiopathological significance of shedding of RAGE is discussed. In conclusion, for the first time ectodomain shedding of human RAGE and the underlying regulatory mechanisms were investigated. The data open a new field for modulation of RAGE shedding as a novel intervention approach against RAGE-mediated diseases.