Design and development of the new composite-material mainplane of the Dallara T12 race car

Abstract (US) Composite material components design and production techniques are discussed in the present graduation paper. In particular, this paper covers the design process and the production process of a carbon-fiber composite material component for a high performance car, more specifically, the Dallara T12 race car. This graduation paper is split in two. After a brief introduction on existing composite materials (their origins and applications), the first part of the present paper covers the main theoretical concepts behind the design of composite material components: particular focus will be given to carbon-fiber composites. The second part of the present paper covers the whole design and production process that the candidate carried out to create the new front mainplane of the Dallara T12 race car. This graduation paper is the result of a six-months-long internship that the candidate conducted as Design Office Trainee inside Dallara Automobili S.p.A. Abstract (ITA) La presente tesi di laurea discute le metodologie progettuali e produttive legate alla realizzazione di un componente in materiale composito. Nello specifico, viene discussa la progettazione e la produzione di un componente in fibra di carbonio destinato ad una vettura da competizione. La vettura in esame è la Dallara T12. Il lavoro è diviso in due parti. Nella prima parte, dopo una breve introduzione sull’origine e le tipologie di materiali compositi esistenti, vengono trattati i concetti teorici fondamentali su cui si basa la progettazione di generici componenti in materiale composito, con particolare riguardo ai materiali in fibra di carbonio. Nella seconda parte viene discusso tutto il processo produttivo che il candidato ha portato a termine per realizzare il nuovo alettone anteriore della Dallara T12. La presente tesi di laurea è il risultato del lavoro di progettazione che il candidato ha svolto presso l’Ufficio Tecnico di Dallara Automobili S.p.A. nel corso di un tirocinio formativo di sei mesi.

Design methods and geometric modelling of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Every year, thousand of surgical treatments are performed in order to fix up or completely substitute, where possible, organs or tissues affected by degenerative diseases. Patients with these kind of illnesses stay long times waiting for a donor that could replace, in a short time, the damaged organ or the tissue. The lack of biological alternates, related to conventional surgical treatments as autografts, allografts, e xenografts, led the researchers belonging to different areas to collaborate to find out innovative solutions. This research brought to a new discipline able to merge molecular biology, biomaterial, engineering, biomechanics and, recently, design and architecture knowledges. This discipline is named Tissue Engineering (TE) and it represents a step forward towards the substitutive or regenerative medicine. One of the major challenge of the TE is to design and develop, using a biomimetic approach, an artificial 3D anatomy scaffold, suitable for cells adhesion that are able to proliferate and differentiate themselves as consequence of the biological and biophysical stimulus offered by the specific tissue to be replaced. Nowadays, powerful instruments allow to perform analysis day by day more accurateand defined on patients that need more precise diagnosis and treatments.Starting from patient specific information provided by TC (Computed Tomography) microCT and MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging), an image-based approach can be performed in order to reconstruct the site to be replaced. With the aid of the recent Additive Manufacturing techniques that allow to print tridimensional objects with sub millimetric precision, it is now possible to practice an almost complete control of the parametrical characteristics of the scaffold: this is the way to achieve a correct cellular regeneration. In this work, we focalize the attention on a branch of TE known as Bone TE, whose the bone is main subject. Bone TE combines osteoconductive and morphological aspects of the scaffold, whose main properties are pore diameter, structure porosity and interconnectivity. The realization of the ideal values of these parameters represents the main goal of this work: here we'll a create simple and interactive biomimetic design process based on 3D CAD modeling and generative algorithmsthat provide a way to control the main properties and to create a structure morphologically similar to the cancellous bone. Two different typologies of scaffold will be compared: the first is based on Triply Periodic MinimalSurface (T.P.M.S.) whose basic crystalline geometries are nowadays used for Bone TE scaffolding; the second is based on using Voronoi's diagrams and they are more often used in the design of decorations and jewellery for their capacity to decompose and tasselate a volumetric space using an heterogeneous spatial distribution (often frequent in nature). In this work, we will show how to manipulate the main properties (pore diameter, structure porosity and interconnectivity) of the design TE oriented scaffolding using the implementation of generative algorithms: "bringing back the nature to the nature".

Contributo sperimentale alla ridefinizione della diffusione in parete della camera di prova della galleria del vento Dallara

Joseph Nicolas Cugnot built the first primitive car in 1769 and approximately one hundred year later the first automotive race took place. Thanks to this, for the first time the aerodynamics principles began to be applied to cars. The aerodynamic study of a car is important to improve the performance on the road, or on the track. It purposely enhances the stability in the turns and increases the maximum velocity. However, it is also useful, decrease the fuel consumption, in order to reduce the pollution. Given that cars are a very complex body, the aerodynamic study cannot be conducted following an analytical method, but it is possible, in general, to choose between two different approaches: the numerical or the experimental one. The results of numerical studies depend on the computers’ potential and on the method use to implement the mathematical model. Today, the best way to perform an aerodynamic study is still experimental, which means that in the first phase of the design process the study is performed in a wind tunnel and in later phases directly on track. The automotive wind tunnels are singular mainly due to the test chamber, which typically contains a ground simulation system. The test chamber can have different types of walls: open walls, closed walls, adaptive walls or slotted walls. The best solution is to use the slotted walls because they minimize the interference between the walls and the streamlines, the interaction between the flow and the environment, and also to contain the overall costs. Furthermore, is necessary minimize the boundary layer at the walls, without accelerating the flow, in order to provide the maximum section of homogeneous flow. This thesis aims at redefining the divergent angle of the Dallara Automobili S.P.A. wind tunnel’s walls, in order to improve the overall homogeneity. To perform this study it was necessary to acquire the pressure data of the boundary layer, than it was created the profile of the boundary layer velocity and, to minimize the experimental errors, it was calculated the displacement thickness. The results obtained shows, even if the instrument used to the experiment was not the best one, that the boundary layer thickness could be minor in case of a low diffusion angle. So it is convenient to perform another experiment with a most sensitive instrument to verified what is the better wall configuration.

La strategia BIM a supporto del progetto della sicurezza nel cantiere edile: il caso dell'ospedale di primo soccorso a Lampedusa.

Throughout this research, the whole life cycle of a building will be analyzed, with a special focus on the most common issues that affect the construction sector nowadays, such as safety. In fact, the goal is to enhance the management of the entire construction process in order to reduce the risk of accidents. The contemporary trend is that of researching new tools capable of reducing, or even eliminating, the most common mistakes that usually lead to safety risks. That is one of the main reasons why new technologies and tools have been introduced in the field. The one we will focus on is the so-called BIM: Building Information Modeling. With the term BIM we refer to wider and more complex analysis tool than a simple 3D modeling software. Through BIM technologies we are able to generate a multi-dimension 3D model which contains all the information about the project. This innovative approach aims at a better understanding and control of the project by taking into consideration the entire life cycle and resulting in a faster and more sustainable way of management. Furthermore, BIM software allows for the sharing of all the information among the different aspects of the project and among the different participants involved thus improving the cooperation and communication. In addition, BIM software utilizes smart tools that simulate and visualize the process in advance, thus preventing issues that might not have been taking into consideration during the design process. This leads to higher chances of avoiding risks, delays and cost increases. Using a hospital case study, we will apply this approach for the completion of a safety plan, with a special focus onto the construction phase.