Development of an innovative non rule-based energy management strategy for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle, structured for predictive driving controls based on external information knowledge

Recently, the interest of the automotive market for hybrid vehicles has increased due to the more restrictive pollutants emissions legislation and to the necessity of decreasing the fossil fuel consumption, since such solution allows a consistent improvement of the vehicle global efficiency. The term hybridization regards the energy flow in the powertrain of a vehicle: a standard vehicle has, usually, only one energy source and one energy tank; instead, a hybrid vehicle has at least two energy sources. In most cases, the prime mover is an internal combustion engine (ICE) while the auxiliary energy source can be mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic. It is expected from the control unit of a hybrid vehicle the use of the ICE in high efficiency working zones and to shut it down when it is more convenient, while using the EMG at partial loads and as a fast torque response during transients. However, the battery state of charge may represent a limitation for such a strategy. That’s the reason why, in most cases, energy management strategies are based on the State Of Charge, or SOC, control. Several studies have been conducted on this topic and many different approaches have been illustrated. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop an online (usable on-board) control strategy in which the operating modes are defined using an instantaneous optimization method that minimizes the equivalent fuel consumption of a hybrid electric vehicle. The equivalent fuel consumption is calculated by taking into account the total energy used by the hybrid powertrain during the propulsion phases. The first section presents the hybrid vehicles characteristics. The second chapter describes the global model, with a particular focus on the energy management strategies usable for the supervisory control of such a powertrain. The third chapter shows the performance of the implemented controller on a NEDC cycle compared with the one obtained with the original control strategy.

E-business: Management e strategia nell'era di internet

Le tecnologie sviluppatesi a cavallo del nuovo millennio hanno dato e stanno dando un grande impulso all'evoluzione dei processi che riguardano qualsiasi campo della vita di oggigiorno: tutto ciò riguarda ovviamente anche le aziende, che si adoperano nel trovare nuove soluzioni che possano garantire profitti maggiori abbinati a costi di gestione minori. Risulta quindi interessante approcciarsi allo studio dei processi decisionali ed organizzativi che interessano un'azienda e come i suddetti vengano influenzati dall'uso delle tecnologie. In particolare, l'adattamento delle strategie e dei modelli di business alle tecnologie odierne è una sfida interessante e ripetuta nel tempo, in quanto le tecnologie si sviluppano e si evolvono in tempi sempre più brevi, con tutti i vantaggi ed i rischi del caso. Questa tesi si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare i temi inerenti all'E-Business, ovvero l'applicazione delle Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in supporto alle attività di business di un'azienda. Verrano esaminati in che modo un'impresa deve approcciarsi per sviluppare ed implementare una strategia e-business, quali sono i fattori che influenzano una strategia, quali sono i vantaggi e gli svantaggi dell'adozione di tale strategia.