Italia e Spagna alle prese con lo "spread": riflessioni sugli anglicismi nel lessico della crisi economica

Este trabajo se concentra sobre el papel que los anglicismos desempeñan en la lengua italiana. Se compara el uso de anglicismos en la lengua italiana con su uso en la lengua española, y se reflexiona sobre las razones de una presencia mayor en italiano de anglicismos no adaptados, y una tendencia en español a traducir los préstamos a la hora de importarlos, produciendo calcos. Se utilizarán los informativos televisivos como fuentes, en cuanto, por un lado, son espejo de la lengua hablada, y, por otro, influencian el proceso de interferencia, o sea, la manera en la que los anglicismos entran en la lengua de llegada. Se proponen ejemplos de palabras que los telediarios italianos utilizan en forma no adaptada, acompañados de su equivalente en español y un ejemplo práctico de su uso en informativos españoles. El objetivo de este trabajo es observar la proliferación de anglicismos en italiano, analizando el campo de la economía en informativos destinados a un público no especializado, comparando esta tendencia de la lengua italiana con la del español y reflexionar sobre la necesidad de uso de los anglicismos recogidos en el corpus del trabajo y/o su posible sustitución por equivalentes de las lenguas analizadas.

Citizen science as a tool for the environmental quality assessment of the Mediterranean coastal habitats

The growing need to assess the environmental status of the Mediterranean coastal marine habitats and the large availability of data collected by Reef Check Italia onlus (RCI) volunteers suggest the possibility to develop innovative and reliable indices that may support decision makers in applying conservation strategies. The aims of this study were to check the reliability of data collected by RCI volunteers, analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of RCI available data, resume the knowledge on the biology and ecology of the monitored species, and develop innovative indices to asses the ecological quality of Mediterranean subtidal rocky shores and coralligenous habitats. Subtidal rocky shores and coralligenous were chosen because these are the habitats more attractive for divers; therefore mlst data are referring to them, moreover subtidal rocky bottom are strongly affected by coastal urbanisation, land use, fishing and tourist activities, that increase pollution, turbidity and sedimentation. Non-indigenous species (NIS) have been recognized as a major threat to the integrity of Mediterranean native communities because of their proliferation, spread and impact on resident communities. Monitoring of NIS’ spreading dynamics at the basin spatial scale is difficult but urgent. According to a field test, the training provided by RCI appears adequate to obtain reliable data by volunteers. Based on data collected by RCI volunteers, three main categories of indices were developed: indices based on species diversity, indices on the occurrence non-indigenous species, and indices on species sensitive toward physical, chemical and biological disturbances. As case studies, indices were applied to stretches of coastline defined according to management criteria (province territories and marine protected areas). The assessments of ecological quality in the Tavolara Marine Protected Area using the species sensitivities index were consisten with those previously obtained with traditional methods.